Enhancing Nurses’ and Midwives’ Competence in Providing Spiritual Care: Through Innovative Education and Compassionate Care

Foreword
Contents
Chapter 1: The EPICC Project: Inception, Origins and Outputs
	1.1 Introduction
	1.2 Why EPICC Was Needed?
	1.3 Origins and Organisation of the EPICC Project
		1.3.1 Origins
		1.3.2 European Spirituality Research Network for Nursing and Midwifery
			1.3.2.1 A Significant Milestone for Spiritual Care Competencies in Nursing and Midwifery
		1.3.3 Organisation and Delivery of EPICC
			1.3.3.1 EPICC Strategic Partners and EPICC Project Manager
	1.4 Participating Groups
		1.4.1 EPICC Participants
		1.4.2 EPICC Participants+
	1.5 The Key Activities
	1.6 Methodology
		1.6.1 Action Learning
		1.6.2 Intellectual Outputs
	1.7 Outputs and Achievements
		1.7.1 EPICC Gold Standard Matrix for Spiritual Care Education and Narrative to the Matrix
		1.7.2 EPICC Spiritual Care Education Standard
		1.7.3 EPICC Adoption Toolkit
	1.8 Overview of the Book
	1.9 Summary
	References
		Suggested Reading
Chapter 2: What Do We Mean by ‘Spirituality’ and ‘Spiritual Care’?
	2.1 Introduction
	2.2 Spirituality: As a Term and Phenomenon
		2.2.1 Many Definitions
		2.2.2 What the Definitions Are About?
		2.2.3 A Working Definition
	2.3 Being a Human Being
		2.3.1 The Lived Body
		2.3.2 Basic Conditions for Human Life
	2.4 Spiritual Care: What It Is and How to Do it?
		2.4.1 Spiritual Care: Theoretical Perspectives
		2.4.2 Meeting Spiritual Needs in Time of Vulnerability
	2.5 Spiritual Care: Some Examples from Across Europe
		2.5.1 Spiritual Care in the Netherlands
		2.5.2 Spiritual Care in Croatia
		2.5.3 Spiritual Care in Norway
		2.5.4 Summary of European Examples
	2.6 Summary
	References
		Suggested Reading
Chapter 3: Educational Context, Evidence and Exploration of Professional Fields of Nursing and Midwifery
	3.1 Introduction
	3.2 International Healthcare Policy
		3.2.1 Internationally
		3.2.2 Within Europe
		3.2.3 Nationally
		3.2.4 Spiritual Care Guidelines
		3.2.5 Spiritual Care Guidance for Nurses
	3.3 Nursing and Midwifery Regulatory and Professional Bodies
	3.4 Patients and Carers
	3.5 Nurses and Midwives
	3.6 The Problem
	3.7 Responding to the Problem
		3.7.1 International Research and Three Landmark European Studies (2010–2016)
		3.7.2 The EPICC Project (2016–2019)
	3.8 Summary of Main Points for Learning
	References
		Suggested Reading
Chapter 4: Self-Care
	4.1 Introduction
		4.1.1 Reflective Exercise
		4.1.2 Reflective Exercise
	4.2 Communication: Managing Difficult Situations
		4.2.1 Reflective Exercise
	4.3 Compassionate Self-Care and Resilience
		4.3.1 Reflective Exercise
	4.4 Where Are You in This? Self-Care and Spirituality
		4.4.1 How to Conduct a Spiritual Assessment on Yourself
		4.4.2 Reflective Exercise
		4.4.3 Reflective Exercise
	4.5 You Make the Difference: The Nurse as a Healthy Resource
		4.5.1 Reflective Exercise
	4.6 Strategies for Self-Care: Self-Discovery, Self-Reflection and Self-Care
		4.6.1 Exploration of Self
		4.6.2 Reflection on Self and Health: How Am I Doing?
		4.6.3 Actions: Self-Care Techniques
		4.6.4 Mindfulness
		4.6.5 Music and Creative Arts Expression
		4.6.6 Meditation
		4.6.7 Yoga
		4.6.8 Exercise
		4.6.9 Practical Time Out Opportunity
		4.6.10 Five-Minute Self-Care Time out Break
	4.7 Cue to Action
		4.7.1 Reflective Exercise
	4.8 Summary
	References
		Suggested Reading
Chapter 5: Competence 1: Intrapersonal Spirituality and Its Impact on Person-Centred Spiritual Care
	5.1 Introduction
	5.2 The Context of Intrapersonal Spirituality
		5.2.1 Spirituality and Spiritual Care Within the Holistic Understanding of Healthcare
		5.2.2 Intrapersonal Spirituality Embedded Within the Nurse/Midwife–Patient Relationship
		5.2.3 The Importance of Consciousness and Impact of One’s Own Spirituality
	5.3 The Essence of Intrapersonal Spirituality in Nursing and Midwifery Practice
		5.3.1 Presence and Attention
	5.4 Availability
	5.5 Vulnerability
	5.6 Discover Your Personal Intrapersonal Spirituality
	References
		Suggested Reading
Chapter 6: Competence 2: Interpersonal Spirituality
	6.1 Introduction
	6.2 Spiritual and Cultural Worldviews, Beliefs and Practices in the Provision of Care
	6.3 Effective, Verbal and Non-verbal Interaction between Persons and Carers
		6.3.1 Therapeutic Interactions
		6.3.2 Verbal and Non-verbal Interactions
		6.3.3 What Is Most Important to You Now? How Can We Help?
	6.4 Evoking Companionship and Compassionate Care
	6.5 Promoting Spiritual Care Attitudes
		6.5.1 The Body and Its Centrality to Spiritual Care
		6.5.2 Human Relationships, Listening and Attending
		6.5.3 Spirituality and Presence
		6.5.4 Holistic Meaningful Care
	6.6 Summary of the Main Points for Learning
	References
		Suggested Reading
Chapter 7: Competence 3: Spiritual Care, Assessment and Planning
	7.1 Introduction
	7.2 Theory, Rationale and Evidence Base for Spiritual Care
		7.2.1 Spiritual Care: Fact or Fiction?
	7.3 The Knowledge Base for Spiritual Care
		7.3.1 Screening
		7.3.2 History Taking
		7.3.3 Formal Assessment
	7.4 The Need for Culturally Sensitive Care: An Example from Thailand
		7.4.1 Explanation: Applying Knowledge, Skills and Attitudes Evident in the Scenario
	7.5 Importance of Self-Awareness When Planning Spiritual Care
		7.5.1 Explanation: Applying Knowledge, Skills and Attitudes Evident in the Scenario
	7.6 Why Spiritual Assessment Matters: Thoughts from a Newly Qualified Nurse
		7.6.1 Why It Matters?
		7.6.2 Developing Patient Awareness
		7.6.3 Demonstrating Spiritual Care
	7.7 Summary of the Main Points for Learning
	References
		Suggested Reading
Chapter 8: Competence 4: Spiritual Care, Intervention and Evaluation
	8.1 Introduction
		8.1.1 What Is a Spiritual Intervention?
	8.2 Theory, Rationale and Evidence
		8.2.1 Personal Competencies in Spiritual Care
		8.2.2 Spiritual Intervention: Presence
		8.2.3 Spiritual Intervention: Words
		8.2.4 Spiritual Intervention: Actions
	8.3 Documentation of Spiritual Care
	8.4 Practice Examples to Exemplify Spiritual Care
		8.4.1 Case 1: João
		8.4.2 Case 2: Jane
		8.4.3 Case 3: Anna
		8.4.4 Case 4: Carmen
	8.5 Conclusion
	8.6 Summary of the Main Points for Learning
	References
		Suggested Reading
Chapter 9: Conclusions of the EPICC Journey and Future Directions
	9.1 Introduction
	9.2 Innovation
	9.3 Intellectual Outputs and Development of Project Resources
		9.3.1 Output 1
		9.3.2 Output 2 and 3
	9.4 Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and Spiritual Disruption?
	9.5 The Future
	References
		Suggested Reading
Afterword: Compassion in Care