English for Planning and Building Professionals: Essential Vocabulary, Grammar and Expressions to Communicate Effectively in International Architecture and Engineering Projects

Preface
Acknowledgements
Introduction
Overview
Abbreviations and Acronyms
Contents
1: Project Basics
	1.1	 Construction Industry
		1.1.1	 English in the Construction Industry
	1.2	 Project Structure
		1.2.1	 RIBA Plan of Work
	1.3	 Project Participants
		1.3.1	 Client
		1.3.2	 Planning Team
		1.3.3	 Construction Team
		1.3.4	 Exercise: Project Participants
	1.4	 Project Organisation
		1.4.1	 Design and Build Contract
	1.5	 Workplace
		1.5.1	 Grammar: Simple versus Continuous Present
		1.5.2	 Exercise: Simple versus Continuous Present
	1.6	 Project Initiation
		1.6.1	 Collocations
		1.6.2	 Exercise: Collocations
2: Town Planning
	2.1	 Basics of Town Planning
		2.1.1	 History of Town Planning
		2.1.2	 Urbanisation
		2.1.3	 Statistics
	2.2	 Principles of Town Planning
		2.2.1	 Terminology: Urban Planning
		2.2.2	 Fixed Factors in Urban Planning
		2.2.3	 Confusing Words
		2.2.4	 Variable Factors
	2.3	 Building Authorities
		2.3.1	 Rules and Regulations
		2.3.2	 Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas
	2.4	 Planning Developments
		2.4.1	 Grammar: Word Order
		2.4.2	 Exercise: Word Order
	2.5	 Key Issues in Urban Design
		2.5.1	 Affordable Housing
		2.5.2	 Mixed Use
		2.5.3	 Densification
		2.5.4	 Public Participation
3: Briefing
	3.1	 Project Definition
		3.1.1	 Client’s Needs
	3.2	 Plot
		3.2.1	 Site Visit
		3.2.2	 Comprehension Questions: Site Visit
		3.2.3	 Exercise: Plot Description
		3.2.4	 Homophones
	3.3	 Feasibility
		3.3.1	 Grammar: Questions
		3.3.2	 Exercise: Questions and Answers
	3.4	 Survey
		3.4.1	 Conversation: Consulting Local Authorities
		3.4.2	 Comprehension Questions: Consulting Local Authorities
	3.5	 Communicating with the Client
		3.5.1	 Writing Emails
		3.5.2	 Exercise: Writing Emails
4: Concept Design
	4.1	 Appearance
		4.1.1	 Presentation Forms
	4.2	 Sustainability
		4.2.1	 Energy-Efficient Buildings
		4.2.2	 Compactness
		4.2.3	 Orientation
		4.2.4	 Building Certificates
		4.2.5	 Exercise: Collocations for Sustainable Buildings
	4.3	 Consultants
		4.3.1	 Appointing a Consultant
		4.3.2	 Standard Telephone Phrases
		4.3.3	 Exercise: Telephone Call
	4.4	 Building Costs
		4.4.1	 Cost Items
		4.4.2	 Fees
		4.4.3	 Loans
		4.4.4	 Cost Management
		4.4.5	 Exercise: Construction Costs
5: Preliminary Design
	5.1	 Appearance
		5.1.1	 Word Families: Size
		5.1.2	 Exercise: Size
	5.2	 Numbers and Units
		5.2.1	 Numbers
		5.2.2	 Ordinal Numbers
		5.2.3	 Mathematical Symbols
		5.2.4	 Units
		5.2.5	 Exercise: Numbers and Units
	5.3	 Comparisons
		5.3.1	 Exercise: Comparisons
	5.4	 Shapes
		5.4.1	 Geometry Terms
		5.4.2	 Design Description
		5.4.3	 Relations
		5.4.4	 Areas and Volumes
6: Structural Design
	6.1	 Structural Systems
	6.2	 Statics
		6.2.1	 Loads
		6.2.2	 Supports
		6.2.3	 Reactions
		6.2.4	 Structural Analysis
	6.3	 Strength of Materials
		6.3.1	 Modulus of Elasticity
		6.3.2	 Buckling
		6.3.3	 Grammar: Capitalisation
		6.3.4	 Exercise: Capitalisation
	6.4	 Structural Elements
		6.4.1	 Bearing Elements
		6.4.2	 Foundations
		6.4.3	 Spanning Elements
		6.4.4	 Truss
	6.5	 Structures
		6.5.1	 Exercise: Structure of a Single-Family Home
	6.6	 Connections
7: Building Components
	7.1	 Carcass
		7.1.1	 Walls
	7.2	 Building Envelope
		7.2.1	 Prefixes
		7.2.2	 Exercise: Prefixes
	7.3	 Roofs
		7.3.1	 Roof Shapes
		7.3.2	 Roof Parts
		7.3.3	 Exercise: Planted Roof
	7.4	 Doors and Windows
		7.4.1	 Doors
		7.4.2	 Windows
		7.4.3	 Shading Devices
	7.5	 Circulation
		7.5.1	 Stair Layout
		7.5.2	 Stair Design
8: Final Design
	8.1	 Coordination
		8.1.1	 Coordination via Email
		8.1.2	 Meetings
		8.1.3	 Exercise: Phrasal Verbs
		8.1.4	 BIM
	8.2	 Final Design Presentation
		8.2.1	 Visuals
		8.2.2	 Plans
		8.2.3	 Presentation Language
		8.2.4	 Standard Presentation Phrases
		8.2.5	 Presentation: Final Design
	8.3	 Alterations
		8.3.1	 Exercise: If-clauses
	8.4	 Planning Permission Application
		8.4.1	 Building Regulations
		8.4.2	 Granting Planning Permission
		8.4.3	 Idioms
		8.4.4	 Exercise: Idioms
	8.5	 Fire Safety
		8.5.1	 Fire Protection
		8.5.2	 Fire Resistance Rating
		8.5.3	 Escape Routes
		8.5.4	 Exercise: Fire Safety
9: Building Materials
	9.1	 Construction Materials
		9.1.1	 Material Properties
		9.1.2	 Environmental Issues
	9.2	 Concrete
		9.2.1	 Stressed Concrete
		9.2.2	 The Cement Issue and Recycling Concrete
	9.3	 Steel
		9.3.1	 Steel Members
		9.3.2	 Exercise: Steel Members
		9.3.3	 Recyclability and Corrosion of Steel
	9.4	 Brick
	9.5	 Timber
		9.5.1	 Engineered Wood
		9.5.2	 Exercise: Timber Products and Uses
	9.6	 Additional Materials
		9.6.1	 Smart Materials
		9.6.2	 Combining Materials
	9.7	 Detail Drawings
		9.7.1	 Exercise: Details
		9.7.2	 Conversation: Detail Design
	9.8	 Technical Standards
		9.8.1	 U-Values
		9.8.2	 Example: U-Value Calculation
10: Building Services
	10.1	 Building Services Engineering
		10.1.1 Plant Room
	10.2	 Plumbing
		10.2.1 Drinking Water Supply
		10.2.2 Plumbing Fixtures
		10.2.3 Water Disposal
		10.2.4 Exercise: Plumbing
	10.3	 Thermal Comfort
		10.3.1 Heating System
		10.3.2 Fuel
		10.3.3 Heat Generator
		10.3.4 Solar Collectors
		10.3.5 Exercise: Heating
		10.3.6 Heat Pump System
	10.4	 Ventilation
		10.4.1 HVAC Systems
		10.4.2 Exercise: HVAC Systems
	10.5	 Electricity
		10.5.1 Wiring
		10.5.2 Exercise: Electrical Layout
		10.5.3 Photovoltaic
		10.5.4 Lightning Protection System
	10.6	 Building Services in Energy-Efficient Buildings
		10.6.1 Conversation 1: Building Services
		10.6.2 Comprehension Questions: Building Services
		10.6.3 Conversation 2: Building Services
11: Procurement Process
	11.1	 Procurement
		11.1.1 Tendering Procedure
	11.2	 Tender Documents
		11.2.1 Specifications
		11.2.2 Bills of Quantities
	11.3	 Language in Tender Documents
		11.3.1 Grammar: Active versus Passive
		11.3.2 Exercise: Active versus Passive
	11.4	 Selection of Contractors
		11.4.1 Advising the Client
		11.4.2 Business Letters
		11.4.3 Exercise: Business Letter
	11.5	 Pricing
		11.5.1 Unit Rates
		11.5.2 Comparative Analysis of Tenders
		11.5.3 Exercise: Comparative Analysis of Tender Prices
	11.6	 Negotiation
		11.6.1 Language in Negotiations
		11.6.2 Exercise: Diplomatic Approach
		11.6.3 Conversation: Price Negotiation
		11.6.4 Comprehension Questions: Price Negotiation
	11.7	 Building Contract
		11.7.1 FIDIC
		11.7.2 Contract Terminology
		11.7.3 Exercise: Contract Terminology
12: Pre-Construction
	12.1	 Background to Building Operations
		12.1.1 Responsibilities
		12.1.2 Grammar: Present Perfect
		12.1.3 Exercise: Present Perfect
	12.2	 Time Management
		12.2.1 Time Terms
		12.2.2 Exercise: Time Terms
	12.3	 Construction Programme
		12.3.1 Project Bar Chart
		12.3.2 Prepositions of Time
		12.3.3 Exercise: Prepositions of Time
	12.4	 Site Set-Up
		12.4.1 Construction Site Preparation
		12.4.2 Exercise: Setting Out
		12.4.3 Construction Site
		12.4.4 Prepositions of Place
		12.4.5 Exercise: Prepositions of Place
	12.5	 Site Safety
		12.5.1 Exercise: Site Safety
		12.5.2 Insurance and Liabilities
13: Construction
	13.1 Work Progress
		13.1.1 Trades
		13.1.2 Exercise: Trades
	13.2 Construction Site Management
		13.2.1 Site Inspections
		13.2.2 Site Meetings
		13.2.3 Exercise: Site Work
	13.3 Variations
		13.3.1 Alteration
		13.3.2 Cause and Effect
		13.3.3 Exercise: Cause and Effect
	13.4 Construction Progress
		13.4.1 Reporting on Progress
		13.4.2 Exercise: Site Diary
		13.4.3 Construction Site Accident
		13.4.4 Ceremonies
14: Completion
	14.1 Completion Stage
	14.2 Delays
		14.2.1 Extension of Time
		14.2.2 Business Collocations
		14.2.3 Exercise: Business Collocations
	14.3 Acceptance
		14.3.1 Acceptance Process
		14.3.2 Acceptance Certificate
		14.3.3 Conversation: Acceptance
		14.3.4 Comprehension Questions: Acceptance
		14.3.5 Defects Liability Period
	14.4 Remedial Work
		14.4.1 Exercise: Remedial Work
	14.5 Payment Procedures
		14.5.1 Cost Control
		14.5.2 Retention
		14.5.3 Fee Calculation
		14.5.4 Exercise: Payments
	14.6 Close-Out
		14.6.1 Commissioning
		14.6.2 As-Built Drawings
		14.6.3 Project Documentation
15: In-Use and End of Life
	15.1	 After Completion
		15.1.1 Building Operation
		15.1.2 Value Depreciation and Appreciation
	15.2	 Facility Management
		15.2.1 International Language Differences
		15.2.2 Intercultural Competence
	15.3	 Upkeep
		15.3.1 Maintenance
		15.3.2 Servicing
		15.3.3 Repairing
	15.4	 End of Service Life
		15.4.1 Comparing and Contrasting
		15.4.2 Refurbishment Work
		15.4.3 Rebound Effect
	15.5	 Demolition
		15.5.1 Demolition Methods
		15.5.2 Exercise: Demolition
		15.5.3 Confusing Words
	15.6	 Reuse and Recycle
		15.6.1 Selective Deconstruction
		15.6.2 Waste House
16: Education, Registration and More
	16.1	 Education
		16.1.1 Studying
		16.1.2 Exchange Programmes
		16.1.3 Internships
	16.2	 Finding Work
		16.2.1 Opportunities
		16.2.2 Job Advertisement
	16.3	 Job Application
		16.3.1 Cover Letter
		16.3.2 Curriculum Vitae
		16.3.3 Interview
		16.3.4 Exercise: Interview
		16.3.5 Outcome
	16.4	 Practising as an Architect or Civil Engineer
		16.4.1 Types of Practice
		16.4.2 Registration
		16.4.3 Working Abroad
		16.4.4 Self-Appraisal
Answer Key
Glossary of Keywords
Biblio graphy
Index