Engineering tribology

Engineering Tribology......Page 4
Copyright Page......Page 5
Contents......Page 8
1.1 Background......Page 30
1.2 Meaning of tribology......Page 31
1.3 Cost of friction and wear......Page 34
1.4 Summary......Page 36
Revision questions......Page 37
References......Page 38
2.2 Oil viscosity......Page 40
2.3 Viscosity temperature relationship......Page 42
2.4 Viscosity index......Page 44
2.5 Viscosity pressure relationship......Page 46
2.6 Viscosity-shear rate relationship......Page 51
2.7 Viscosity measurements......Page 53
2.9 Oil viscosity classification......Page 60
2.10 Lubricant density and specific gravity......Page 62
2.11 Thermal properties of lubricants......Page 63
2.12 Temperature characteristics of lubricants......Page 64
2.13 Other lubricant characteristics......Page 69
2.14 Optical properties of lubricants......Page 72
2.16 Lubricant impurities and contaminants......Page 73
2.17 Solubility of gases in oils......Page 74
Revision questions......Page 77
References......Page 78
3.1 Introduction......Page 80
3.2 Mineral oils......Page 81
3.3 Synthetic oils......Page 86
3.4 Emulsions and aqueous lubricants......Page 93
3.5 Greases......Page 96
3.6 Lubricant additives......Page 111
References......Page 127
4.2 Reynolds equation......Page 132
4.3 Pad bearings......Page 147
4.4 Converging-diverging wedges......Page 168
4.5 Journal bearings......Page 177
4.6 Thermal effects in bearings......Page 204
4.7 Limits of hydrodynamic lubrication......Page 214
4.8 Hydrodynamic lubrication with non-Newtonian fluids......Page 215
4.9 Reynolds equation for squeeze films......Page 222
4.10 Porous bearings......Page 227
Revision questions......Page 229
References......Page 231
5.2 Non-dimensionalization of the Reynolds equation......Page 234
5.3 The Vogelpohl parameter......Page 235
5.4 Finite difference equivalent of the Reynolds equation......Page 237
5.5 Numerical analysis of hydrodynamic lubrication in idealized journal and partial arc bearings......Page 243
5.6 Numerical analysis of hydrodynamic lubrication in a real bearing......Page 249
Revision questions......Page 287
References......Page 288
6.1 Introduction......Page 290
6.2 Hydrostatic bearing analysis......Page 291
6.3 Generalized approach to hydrostatic bearing analysis......Page 299
6.4 Optimization of hydrostatic bearing design......Page 300
6.5 Aerostatic bearings......Page 308
6.7 Stability of hydrostatic and aerostatic bearings......Page 311
Revision questions......Page 312
References......Page 313
7.1 Introduction......Page 316
7. 2 Contact stresses......Page 317
7.3 Contact between two elastic spherical or spheroidal bodies......Page 319
7.4 Elastohydrodynamic lubricating films......Page 340
7.5 Micro-elastohydrodynamic lubrication and mixed or partial EHL......Page 357
7.6 Surface temperature at the conjunction between contacting solids and its effect on EHL......Page 362
7.7 Traction and EHL......Page 378
Revision questions......Page 387
References......Page 389
8.1 Introduction......Page 392
8.2 Low temperature - low load lubrication mechanisms......Page 394
8.3 Low temperature - high load lubrication mechanisms......Page 395
8.4 High temperature - medium load lubrication mechanisms......Page 416
8.5 High temperature - high load lubrication mechanisms......Page 424
8.6 Boundary and EP lubrication of non-metallic surfaces......Page 439
Revision questions......Page 440
References......Page 441
9.2 Lubrication by solids......Page 448
9.3 Wear resistant coatings and surface treatments......Page 463
Revision questions......Page 482
References......Page 483
10.2 Surfaces of solids......Page 490
10.3 Contact between solids......Page 504
10.4 Friction and wear......Page 512
Revision questions......Page 523
References......Page 524
11.2 Abrasive wear......Page 530
11.3 Erosive wear......Page 556
11.4 Cavitation wear......Page 571
11.5 Summary......Page 574
Revision questions......Page 575
References......Page 576
12.2 Mechanism of adhesion......Page 582
12.3 Control of the adhesive wear......Page 597
Revision questions......Page 599
References......Page 600
13.2 Corrosive wear......Page 602
13.3 Oxidative wear......Page 611
Revision questions......Page 619
References......Page 620
14.1 Introduction......Page 624
14.2 Fatigue wear during sliding......Page 625
14.3 Fatigue wear during rolling......Page 632
Revision questions......Page 644
References......Page 645
15.1 Introduction......Page 650
15.2 Fretting wear......Page 651
15.3 Melting wear......Page 668
15.4 Wear due to electrical discharges and passage of electric current across a contact......Page 671
15.6 Impact wear......Page 672
Revision questions......Page 675
References......Page 676
16.2 Tribology of polymers......Page 680
16.3 Tribology of polymer composites......Page 704
16.4 Wear and friction of ceramics......Page 710
16.5 Summary......Page 726
Revision questions......Page 727
References......Page 728
17.2 Biotribology......Page 734
17.3 Environmental implications of tribology......Page 738
17.4 Nanotribology - basic concepts......Page 740
17.5 Summary......Page 743
References......Page 744
A.1 User-friendly interface......Page 748
A.2 Program \'VISCOSITY\'......Page 750
A.3 Program \'SIMPLE\'......Page 753
A.4 Program \'PARTIAL\'......Page 757
A.5 Program \'THERMAL\'......Page 766
A.6 Program \'DEFLECTION\'......Page 777
A.7 Program \'GROOVE\'......Page 786
A.8 Program \'STABILITY\'......Page 800
INDEX......Page 806