Engineering Polymer Systems for Improved Drug Delivery

Content: FOREWORD xi     PREFACE xiii     CONTRIBUTORS xv     PART I INTRODUCTION 1     1 FUNDAMENTALS OF DRUG DELIVERY 3  Rebecca A. Bader     1.1 Introduction: History and Future of Drug Delivery 3     1.2 Terminology 5     1.3 Basic Pharmacokinetics 8     1.4 Basic Pharmacodynamics 12     1.5 Mass Transfer 13     1.6 Key Points 23     1.7 Homework Problems 23     2 CHALLENGES OF DRUG DELIVERY 29  Patricia R. Wardwell and Rebecca A. Bader     2.1 Introduction 29     2.2 History and Challenges of Drug Delivery 30     2.3 Physical Barriers 31     2.4 Metabolic and Chemical Concerns 39     2.5 Physical Properties of Therapeutics 42     2.6 Polymer Carriers as a Solution to Challenges 45     2.7 Key Points 50     2.8 Homework Problems 50     PART II INJECTABLE POLYMERIC DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS 55     3 POLYMER-DRUG CONJUGATES 57  Cristina Fante and Francesca Greco     3.1 Introduction 57     3.2 Historical Perspective 58     3.3 Polymer-Drug Conjugates: Biological Rationale 59     3.4 Structural Features of Polymer-Drug Conjugates 62     3.5 Making a Polymer-Drug Conjugate 68     3.6 Current Challenges and Future Perspectives 71     3.7 Key Points 75     3.8 Worked Example 76     3.9 Homework Problems 76     4 POLYMERIC MICROPARTICLES 85  Noelle K. Comolli and Colleen E. Clark     4.1 Introduction 85     4.2 The Rationale for Microparticles 86     4.3 Defining the Design Criteria 87     4.4 Polymer Selection 89     4.5 Microparticle Synthesis 91     4.6 Microparticle Characterization Methods 96     4.7 Drug Release from Microparticles 100     4.8 Microparticle Design Examples 108     4.9 Key Points 110     4.10 Worked Example 110     4.11 Homework Problems 111     5 POLYMERIC NANOPARTICLES 117  Andrew L. Vasilakes, Thomas D. Dziubla, and Paritosh P. Wattamwar     5.1 Introduction 117     5.2 PNP Design 124     5.3 PNP Formulation Methods and Targeting 128     5.4 Nanoparticle Targeting Overview 133     5.5 PNP Characterization 139     5.6 Major Clinical Achievements 147     5.7 Key Points 148     5.8 Worked Example 149     5.9 Homework Problems 150     6 BLOCK COPOLYMER MICELLES AND VESICLES FOR DRUG DELIVERY 163  James D. Robertson, Nisa Patikarnmonthon, Adrian S. Joseph, and Giuseppe Battaglia     6.1 Introduction 163     6.2 Drug Encapsulation and Release 165     6.3 Bioavailability and Biodistribution 166     6.4 Stimuli Responsiveness 170     6.5 The Immune System 174     6.6 Gene Therapy 177     6.7 Cancer Therapy 180     6.8 Conclusions 182     6.9 Key Points 182     6.10 Homework Problems 183     PART III IMPLANTABLE POLYMERIC DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS 189     7 IMPLANTABLE DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS 191  Luis Solorio, Angela Carlson, Haoyan Zhou, and Agata A. Exner     7.1 Introduction 191     7.2 Nondegradable Polymeric Implants 193     7.3 Biodegradable Polymeric Implants 198     7.4 Conclusions and Future Perspectives 215     7.5 Key Points 216     7.6 Homework Problems 216     8 POLYMERIC DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS IN TISSUE ENGINEERING 227  Matthew Skiles and James Blanchette     8.1 Introduction 227     8.2 Wound Healing as a Prototype for Adult Tissue Generation 228     8.3 Bioactive Factors in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine 232     8.4 Delivery of Growth Factors in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine 248     8.5 Key Points 268     8.6 Worked Example 269     8.7 Homework Problems 270     PART IV ORAL POLYMERIC DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS 283     9 ORAL CONTROLLED-RELEASE POLYMERIC DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS 285  James W. McGinity, James C. DiNunzio, and Justin M. Keen     9.1 Introduction 285     9.2 Release Mechanisms of Oral Polymeric Dosage Forms 288     9.3 Oral Polymeric Release Modifiers 295     9.4 Manufacturing Technologies and Industrial Applications of Controlled Release 297     9.5 Worked Example 311     9.6 Key Points 314     9.7 Homework Problems 314     10 MUCOADHESIVE DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS 319  Srinath Muppalaneni, David Mastropietro, and Hossein Omidian     10.1 Introduction 319     10.2 Factors Affecting Mucoadhesion 320     10.3 Polymer-Mucus Interactions 320     10.4 Mucoadhesion Mechanisms 322     10.5 Mucoadhesive Polymers 324     10.6 Novel Mucoadhesive Materials 327     10.7 Mucoadhesion Testing 330     10.8 Drug Release Studies 332     10.9 Mucoadhesive Dosage Forms 332     10.10 Conclusion 334     10.11 Key Points 334     10.12 Homework Questions 337     11 ENHANCED ORAL DRUG DELIVERY THROUGH METABOLIC PATHWAYS 343  Gregory Russell-Jones     11.1 Introduction 343     11.2 Uptake of Nutrients from the Intestine 344     11.3 Nutrient Transport in the Intestine 349     11.4 Use of Nutrient Transporters for Drug Delivery 352     11.5 Case Study: The Use of the Vitamin B2 Uptake System for Drug Delivery 352     11.6 Key Points 365     11.7 Worked Example 365     11.8 Homework Problems 366     PART V ADVANCED POLYMERIC DRUG DELIVERY 375     12 STIMULI-RESPONSIVE POLYMER DELIVERY SYSTEMS 377  Amy Van Hove, Zhanwu Cui, and Danielle S.W. Benoit     12.1 Introduction 377     12.2 Temperature-Responsive Polymers for Drug Delivery 378     12.3 pH-Responsive Polymers for Drug Delivery 387     12.4 Reduction/Oxidation (Redox)-Responsive Polymers 397     12.5 Enzymatically Responsive Drug Delivery 403     12.6 Key Points 415     12.7 Homework Questions 416     13 AFFINITY-BASED DRUG DELIVERY 429  Andrew S. Fu and Horst A. von Recum     13.1 Introduction 429     13.2 Association Constant 430     13.3 Worked Example 432     13.4 Affinity-Based Drug Delivery Systems 437     13.5 Mathematical Modeling of Affinity-Based Systems 444     13.6 Challenges and Future Directions 448     13.7 Key Points 448     13.8 Homework Problems 449     INDEX 453