Engineering of Power Plant and Industrial Cooling Water Systems

Cover
Half Title
Title Page
Copyright Page
Dedication
Table of Contents
Preface
Authors
List of Abbreviations and Acronyms
Chapter 1: Introduction
	1.1 background
	1.2 Types of Cooling Water Systems
	1.3 Types of Cooling Water System Pumps
	1.4 Intake Pumping Stations
	1.5 Cooling Water System Piping and Valves
	1.6 Cooling Water System Flow Deficiencies
	1.7 Heat Exchanger Fouling
	1.8 Engineering Design Errors
	1.9 NRC Oversight
	1.10 Authors’ Perspective
	References
Chapter 2: Properties of Water
	2.1 Temperature
	2.2 Pressure
	2.3 Density
	2.4 Viscosity
	2.5 Reyolds Number
	2.6 Prandtl Number
	2.7 Specific Gravity
	Reference
Chapter 3: Intake Structures
	3.1 Intake Structure Design
	3.2 Intake Structure Design Deficiencies
	3.3 Requirements of §316(b) of the Clean Water Act
	3.4 Potential Improvements in the Engineering of Intake Pumping Stations
	References
Chapter 4: Pumps
	4.1 Types of Pumps
	4.2 Types of Pump Impellers
	4.3 Specific Speed
	4.4 Cavitation and Pump Suction Specific Speed
	4.5 System Head Curve
	4.6 Pump Head Capacity Curve
	4.7 Pump Size, Efficiency, and Speed
	4.8 Net Positive Suction Head
	4.9 Pump Minimum Flow Rate
	4.10 Air Venting
	4.11 Pump Line Shaft Seals
	4.12 Pump Motors
	4.13 Pump Margin and In-Service Testing
	4.14 Potential Improvements in the Engineering of Cooling Water Pumps
	References
Chapter 5: Piping and Valves
	5.1 Piping Applications
	5.2 Piping Materials
	5.3 Pipe Linings, Coatings, and Wraps
	5.4 Buried Piping
		5.4.1 Concrete Pressure Pipes
		5.4.2 Pre-Lined Ductile Iron Pipes
		5.4.3 Plastic Pipes
		5.4.4 Stainless Steel Pipes
		5.4.5 In Situ Lined Pipes
	5.5 Hung Piping
	5.6 Nuclear Safety Considerations
		5.6.1 Seismic Qualification
		5.6.2 Codes and Standards
		5.6.3 NRC Approval of CML
	5.7 Valves and Fittings
		5.7.1 Valves
		5.7.2 Fittings
	5.8 Piping Design Wall Thickness
	References
Chapter 6: Corrosion and Fouling
	6.1 Corrosion of Cooling Water Piping
		6.1.1 Background
		6.1.2 Tennessee Valley Authority Investigation
		6.1.3 Industry Response to MIC
		6.1.4 MIC Tubercles
		6.1.5 Potential Improvements to Combat Corrosion in Cooling Water Systems
	6.2 Fouling In Cooling Water Piping
		6.2.1 Background
		6.2.2 Asiatic Clams
		6.2.3 Zebra Mussels
	6.3 Chemical and Heat Treatment
		6.3.1 Chemical Treatment
		6.3.2 Coatings for Zebra Mussel Control
		6.3.3 Heat Treatments for Zebra Mussel Control
	6.4 TVA Qualification Testing of Chemical Treatment
		6.4.1 Corrosion Inhibitor Testing
		6.4.2 Biocide Testing
	6.5 TVA Experience with Chemical Treatment
		6.5.1 Sequoyah Nuclear Plant
		6.5.2 Watts Bar Nuclear Plant
		6.5.3 Browns Ferry Nuclear Plant
	6.6 Conclusions and Recommendations
	References
Chapter 7: Pipe Flow
	7.1 Equations for Head Loss by Pipe Friction
		7.1.1 Darcy-Weisbach Equation
		7.1.2 Hazen-Williams Equation
		7.1.3 Selection of Roughness Coefficient
	7.2 Pipe Form Losses
		7.2.1 Form Loss Equation
		7.2.2 Equivalent Lengths
	7.3 The Bowman-Bain Equations for Friction Loss
	7.4 Flow and Pressure Drop Tests of Large Diameter Piping
	7.5 Multiflow Piping Analysis Software
	7.6 Piping Network Analysis Using Multiflow
	References
Chapter 8: Cooling Water System Engineering Pitfalls
	8.1 Hydraulic Pressure Gradient
	8.2 Air Liberation
	8.3 Flashing
	8.4 Cavitation
	8.5 Water Hammer
		8.5.1 Concepts of Water Hammer
		8.5.2 Control and Analysis of Water Hammer
	References
Chapter 9: Heat Exchangers
	9.1 Shell-And-Tube Heat Exchangers
	9.2 Air-to-Water Heat Exchangers
	9.3 Plate Heat Exchangers
	9.4 Heat Exchanger Fouling
	References
Chapter 10: Heat Rejection
	10.1 Regulatory Requirements
	10.2 Cooling Towers
		10.2.1 Cross-Flow Mechanical Draft Cooling Towers
		10.2.2 Cross-Flow Natural Draft Cooling Tower
		10.2.3 Splash-Type Cooling Tower Fill Material
		10.2.4 Counter-Flow Mechanical Draft Cooling Tower
		10.2.5 Counter-Flow Natural Draft Cooling Tower
		10.2.6 Thin Film-Type Cooling Tower Fill Material
	10.3 Spray Ponds
		10.3.1 Advantages of Spray Ponds
		10.3.2 Conventional Flat Bed Spray Ponds
		10.3.3 Oriented Spray Cooling System
		10.3.4 Analysis of Spray Ponds
		10.3.5 Spray Pond Test Results
	Reference
Nomenclature
Index