Engineering Geology Field Manual

chap01.pdf......Page 1
Established References for Geological Terminology......Page 3
Geologic Classification of Materials......Page 4
Engineering Classification of Geologic Materials......Page 5
Application and Use of Standard Indexes, Terminology, and Descriptors......Page 9
Units of Measurements for Geologic Logs of Exploration, Drawings, and Reports......Page 12
BIBLIOGRAPHY......Page 15
General......Page 16
Classifications of Soils......Page 20
Abbreviated Soil Classification Symbols......Page 38
Description of the Physical Properties of Soil......Page 39
Narrative Descriptions and Examples......Page 47
Use of Soil Classification as Secondary Identification Method for Materials Other Than Natural Soils......Page 50
BIBLIOGRAPHY......Page 55
Rock Classification......Page 56
Description of Rock......Page 58
Example Descriptions......Page 85
BIBLIOGRAPHY......Page 89
General......Page 90
Indexes for Describing Fracturing......Page 93
Description of Fractures......Page 97
Descriptions of Shears and Shear Zones......Page 113
BIBLIOGRAPHY......Page 125
Responsibilities of the Engineering Geologist......Page 127
Development of a Study Plan......Page 128
Specific Mapping Requirements......Page 131
Global Positioning System......Page 133
Site Mapping......Page 151
Dozer Trench Mapping......Page 155
Backhoe Trench Mapping......Page 159
Construction Geologic Mapping......Page 165
Large Excavation Mapping......Page 166
Steep Slope Mapping......Page 167
Canal and Pipeline Mapping......Page 168
Underground Geologic Mapping......Page 169
Underground Geologic Mapping Methods......Page 183
Photogeologic Mapping......Page 194
Analysis of Aerial Photographs......Page 196
Photoanalysis for Reconnaissance Geologic Mapping......Page 197
Availability of Imagery......Page 198
References......Page 200
BIBLIOGRAPHY......Page 201
General......Page 203
BIBLIOGRAPHY......Page 209
Introduction......Page 211
Preparation of Drilling Specifications and Format......Page 221
Introduction......Page 225
Design and Installation of Observation Wells and Piezometers......Page 227
Methods Used to Measure Groundwater Levels......Page 233
Methods and Techniques Used to Estimate Flows from Seeps, Springs, and Small Drainages......Page 239
Computer-Based Monitoring Systems......Page 240
Definitions......Page 243
References......Page 244
BIBLIOGRAPHY......Page 245
General......Page 246
Format and Required Data for the Final Geologic Log......Page 249
Method of Reporting Orientation of .... Features......Page 281
Core Recovery and Core Losses......Page 282
Samples......Page 284
Core Photography......Page 285
Equipment Necessary for Preparing Field Logs......Page 288
Instruction to Drillers, Daily Drill Reports, and .... Procedures......Page 291
General......Page 309
Formats for Test Pits and Auger Hole Logs......Page 321
Format of Word Descriptions for Drill Hole Logs......Page 329
Exceptions to Test Pit and Auger Hole Format and Descriptions for Drill Hole Logs......Page 335
Equipment Necessary for Preparing the Field Log......Page 343
Laboratory Classifications in Addition to Visual Classifications......Page 345
Reporting Laboratory Data......Page 347
Special Cases for USCS Classification......Page 359
Reporting In-Place Density Tests......Page 360
BIBLIOGRAPHY......Page 362
General......Page 363
Common Terminology and Processes......Page 364
Documentation......Page 365
Contaminant Characteristics and Migration......Page 371
Classification and Handling of Materials......Page 377
Field Sampling Protocol......Page 379
Sample Analysis......Page 398
Safety at Hazardous Waste Sites......Page 401
Sample Quality Assurance and Quality Control......Page 402
Sample Management......Page 406
Decontamination......Page 413
Introduction......Page 415
Seismic Surveys......Page 417
Electrical Resistivity Surveys......Page 423
Electromagnetic Conductivity Surveys......Page 427
Ground Penetrating Radar Surveys......Page 428
Self-Potential Surveys......Page 429
Magnetic Surveys......Page 431
Gravity Surveys......Page 432
Glossary......Page 433
Bibliography......Page 450
Master Table of Contents......Page 0
Electric Logging Techniques......Page 451
Nuclear Radiation Logging Techniques......Page 461
Acoustic/Seismic Logging Techniques......Page 470
Other Wireline Systems......Page 487
Bibliography......Page 495
Introduction......Page 496
Photography......Page 498
Multispectral Scanner Imagery......Page 499
Airborne Imaging Spectroscopy......Page 500
Satellite Multispectral Scanner Imagery......Page 502
Radar Imagery......Page 503
Single- and Multi-Beam Sonar......Page 504
Applications to Engineering Geology......Page 505
Bibliography......Page 506
Introduction......Page 507
Procedure......Page 511
Water Takes Relative to Grout Takes......Page 517
Bibliography......Page 518
General......Page 519
Pressure Permeability Tests in Stable Rock......Page 530
Gravity Permeability Tests......Page 551
Falling Head Tests......Page 574
Slug Tests......Page 578
Piezometer Test......Page 586
Bibliography......Page 594
Introduction......Page 595
Evaluation......Page 600
Investigation Stages......Page 609
Reports......Page 612
Sampling......Page 614
Waste in Riprap Production......Page 617
Introduction......Page 621
Surface Blasting......Page 630
Underground Blasting......Page 655
Controlled Blasting Techniques......Page 665
Riprap Blasting Techniques......Page 673
Glossary......Page 676
Introduction......Page 711
Exploration Program......Page 716
Design Data Requirements, Responsibilities, and Methods of Collection and Presentation......Page 717
Monitoring......Page 721
Bibliography......Page 731
Earthfill Dams......Page 733
Concrete Arch Dams......Page 751
Concrete Gravity Dams......Page 755
Cleanup......Page 759
Bibliography......Page 761
Standard Penetration Testing......Page 763
Drilling Methods......Page 773
Procedure Variables......Page 783
Equipment and Mechanical Variables......Page 788
Summary......Page 797
Becker-Hammer Penetration Testing for Gravelly Soils......Page 799
Cone Penetration Test......Page 807
Bibliography......Page 819
Introduction......Page 821
Sample Protection......Page 823
Storage Containers......Page 832
Shipping Containers......Page 833
Core Handling......Page 834
Identification of Samples......Page 836
Transportation Requirements and Procedures......Page 837
Upright Handling and Shipping of Samples......Page 839
Recommended Equipment......Page 840
General......Page 843
Location of Storage Facilities......Page 844
Conditions of Storage......Page 846
Length of Storage......Page 847
Bibliography......Page 850
System Description......Page 851
GPS Accuracy......Page 856
Quality of Measurement......Page 862
Error Source Summary......Page 873
appendix.pdf......Page 876
APPENDIX A ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS COMMONLY USED IN BUREAU OF RECLAMATION ENGINEERING GEOLOGY......Page 890
APPENDIX B NOMOGRAPH RELATING THE DENSITY OF AN EXPLOSIVE IN G/CC, THE DIAMETER OF THE EXPLOSIVE IN INCHES, AND THE POUNDS OF EXPLOSIVE PER LINEAL FOOT......Page 895
APPENDIX C CHART SHOWING RIPABILITY VERSUS SEISMIC VELOCITY FOR A D11N BULLDOZER......Page 896
APPENDIX D CHARTS SHOWING WEIGHT OF MATERIALS REQUIRED FOR TYPICAL LABORATORY TESTS......Page 897
APPENDIX E USEFUL CONVERSION FACTORS, METRIC AND ENGLISH UNITS......Page 910
Index.pdf......Page 911