Energy Technology Perspectives: Scenarios And Strategies to 2050

Energy Technology Perspectives 2012
Table of Contents
Introduction
	Foreword
	Executive Summary
	Acknowledgements
Part 1 - Vision, Status and Tools for the Transition
	Chapter 1 - The Global Outlook
		The Global Outlook
		Choosing the future: scenarios in ETP 2012
		The ETP 2012 6°C Scenario
		The ETP 2012 4°C Scenario
		The ETP 2012 2°C Scenario
		Technologies needed to achieve the 2DS
		Policies needed to achieve the 2DS
		Linking energy security and low-carbon energy
		Recommended actions for the near term
	Chapter 2 - Tracking Clean Energy Progress
		Tracking Clean Energy Progress
		Power generation
		Industry
		Buildings
		Transport
		Carbon capture and storage
		Technology overview notes
	Chapter 3 - Policies to Promote Technology Innovation
		Policies to Promote Technology Innovation
		Policy framework for low-carbon innovation
		Technological innovation and public policy
		When do technology support policies make sense?
		Energy technology policies
	Chapter 4 - Financing the Clean Energy Revolution
		Financing the Clean Energy Revolution
		Investment costs of an energy technology revolution
		Benefi ts of a low-carbon energy sector
		Current trends in low-carbon energy investments
		Status of climate fi nance
		Where will the money come from?
		Domestic policy frameworks for investing in clean energy
		Recommended actions for the near term
Part 2 - Energy Systems
	Energy Systems Thinking
	Chapter 5 - Heating and Cooling
		Heating and Cooling
		An overview of global heating and cooling use
		Future demand for heating and cooling
		Decarbonising heating and cooling
		Integrated energy networks
		Recommended actions for the near term
	Chapter 6 - Flexible Electricity Systems
		Flexible Electricity Systems
		Electricity system indicators
		Developing fl exible resources in the power system
		The role of regulation in electricity system evolution
		Recommended actions for the near term
	Chapter 7 - Hydrogen
		Hydrogen
		Hydrogen today
		Hydrogen in the energy system context
		Hydrogen technologies and conversion pathways
		Hydrogen trajectory to 2050 and beyond
		Recommended actions for the near term
Part 3 - Fossil Fuels and CCS
	The Future of Fossil Fuels
	Chapter 8 - Coal Technologies
		Coal Technologies
		Role of coal in the energy mix
		Coal-fi red power generation
		Potential for reducing emissions and improving air quality
		Technologies for improving effi ciency and reducing emissions
		Emerging technologies
		Recommended actions for the near term
	Chapter 9 - Natural Gas Technologies
		Natural Gas Technologies
		Role of gas in energy
		Main drivers of the changing gas demand
		Unconventional gas
		Role of gas in future scenarios
		Gas for power generation
		Gas use in the industry and buildings sectors
		Gas use in the transport sector
		Role of gas in a low-carbon economy
		Recommended actions for the near term
	Chapter 10 - Carbon Capture and Storage Technologies
		Carbon Capture and Storage Technologies
		The need for carbon capture and storage technology and potential applications
		Carbon capture and storage applied to electricity generation
		Carbon capture and storage in industrial applications
		Transport and storage of CO2
		Recommended actions for the near term
Part 4 - Scenarios and Technology Roadmaps
	Chapter 11 - Electricity Generation and Fuel Transformation
		Electricity Generation and Fuel Transformation
		Recent trends in electricity generation and fuel transformation
		Scenario results for electricity generation
		Scenario results for fuel transformation
		Variants of the 2DS for the power sector
		Recommended actions for the near term
	Chapter 12 - Industry
		Industry
		Industrial energy use and CO2 emissions
		Industry scenarios
		Recommended actions for the near term
	Chapter13 - Transport
		Transport
		The turbulent decade: 2000 to 2010
		Looking ahead at transport technologies
		Scenarios: long-term vision for short-term action
		Focus on transport infrastructure
		Transport cost assessment: adding up vehicles, fuels and infrastructure
		Recommended actions for the near term
	Chapter 14 - Buildings
		Buildings
		Energy use and CO2 emissions
		Scenario results for the buildings sector
		Recommended actions for the near term
	Chapter 15 - Technology Roadmaps
		Technology Roadmaps
		Bioenergy
		CCS in power generation
		Concentrating solar power
		Geothermal
		Smart grid
		Energy effi cient buildings: heating and cooling equipment
		CCS in industrial applications
		Cement sector
		Biofuels
		EV/PHEV
		Fuel economy
	Chapter 16 - 2075: Can We Reach Zero Emissions?
		2075: Can We Reach Zero Emissions?
		Underlying assumptions in the 2DS for 2075
		CO2 
results for 2075
		Energy use to 2075
		Recommended actions for the near term
	Chapter 17 - Regional Spotlights
		Regional Spotlights
		1. Association of Southeast Asian Nations
		2. Brazil
		3. China
		4. European Union
		5. India
		6. Mexico
		7. Russia
		8. South Africa
		9. United States
Annexes
	Annex A - Analytical Approach
	Annex B - Abbreviations and Acronyms
	Annex C - Definitions, Regional and Country Groupings and Units
	Annex D - References