Energy Efficiency in Motor Systems: Proceedings of the 11th international Conference EEMODS’19

Introduction
Contents
Novel Design of Delta-Connected PM Synchronous Machines Considering Rotor Skewing
	1 Introduction
	2 Design Guidelines for PM Rotors
	3 Rotor Skewing
	4 Design Guidelines for the Stator
	5 Conclusion
	References
EC-Motors in a Fan Application: A Case Study
	1 Introduction
	2 Electronically Commutated Motor
	3 EC-Motor Marked Situation
	4 Measurement Campaign
	5 Energy Consumption for a Fan Application
	6 Conclusion
	References
A Global Update on the Markets for Motors, Drives, and Motor-Driven Equipment
	1 Growth Trends in Electric Motor Systems
	2 Price Tendencies for Electric Motors
	3 Motor Efficiency
	4 The Balance Between Organic and Inorganic Forces
	5 VFD Market Update
	6 Conclusion
	References
Increasing the Energy Savings of Motor Applications: The Extended Product Approach
	1 Motor Applications Offer Huge Opportunities for Energy Savings
		1.1 Electric Motors Are a Big Source of Energy Savings
		1.2 The Energy Efficiency of Electric Motor Systems Is Still Under-addressed
	2 How to Increase the Energy Savings of Motor Applications?
		2.1 Current Approaches Focus on Components
		2.2 Components Must Be Sized Properly to Operate at an Efficient Operating Point
		2.3 The Control System Must Match the Requirements of the Application
		2.4 A “System-level” Approach Is Needed
	3 Principles of the Extended Product Approach (EPA)
		3.1 What Is the “Extended Product”?
		3.2 Questions Related to the Energy Efficiency for Extended Products
		3.3 The Extended Product Approach: A Generic Methodology
	4 The Extended Product Approach for Motor Systems in IEC 61800-9
		4.1 Step 1. Determination of the Operating Points
		4.2 Step 2. Determination of the Power Losses at the Operating Points: Semi-Analytical Model (SAM)
		4.3 Step 3. Determination of the Overall Energy-Efficiency Index (EEI) Using the Duty Profile
		4.4 The EPA for Motor Systems Also Specifies Energy-Efficiency Classes for Components
	5 The Extended Product Approach Helps Designing Efficient Motor Systems
		5.1 Comparing Potential Architectures to Select the Most Efficient Solution
		5.2 Lots of Stakeholders Can Benefit from the Extended Product Approach
		5.3 Toward a Comprehensive Approach for More Efficient Motor Applications
	6 Extending the Extended Product Approach to the Whole Application
		6.1 Compatible Approaches to Energy Efficiency Are Needed for All Components
		6.2 The EPA for Motor Systems Is a Good Basis
		6.3 Toward an Application-Level Energy-Efficiency Index
	References
High-Efficiency IE4 Line-Start Synchronous Reluctance Motors
	1 Introduction
	2 Basic Theory
	3 Motors Design
		3.1 3 kW-2pole LSSynRM - Design and Simulation Results
		3.2 4 kW-4pole LSSynRM - Design, Simulation and Experimental Results
	4 Conclusions
	References
Coordination of IEC and ISO Standards for Energy-Efficient Electric Motor-Driven Systems
	1 Electric Motor-Driven Systems (EMDS)
	2 Partial Load
	3 Product Standards
	4 System Standards
	5 IEC and ISO Coordination
	6 Tools and Guidance for EMDS
	7 Workshop in Tokyo
	8 Conclusion
	References
Surface Eddy Current Suppression on Additively Manufactured Solid Rotor Active Parts
	1 Introduction
	2 Additive Manufacturing of Rotor Active Parts
	3 Determination of Eddy Current Effects
		3.1 Basic Research
		3.2 Circumferential Grooving
		3.3 Analytical Approach
	4 Test Bench Design
	5 Conclusion and Outlook
	References
Energy Scorecard: One of the Key Executions to Transform the Market for Energy-Efficient Motors
	1 Introduction
	2 U4E and TEVMOT: Motor Replacement Program
	3 EMOSAD
	4 Energy Scorecard
	5 Scorecard Point = Total Class Point/Total Consumption
	6 Conclusion
A Novel Approach to Predict Reed Critical Frequency of Vertical Motors
	1 Introduction
	2 Parts and Their Sensitivity on RCF
		2.1 Effect of the Stator Core as Mass and/or Stiffness Contributor
		2.2 Effect of Upper End Shield as Mass and/or Stiffness Contributor
		2.3 Effect of Rotor as Mass and/or Stiffness Contributor
		2.4 Effect of Lower Bearing (Drive End Side Bearing)
		2.5 Effect of Upper Bearing (Non-drive End Side Bearing)
		2.6 Effect of Contact Behavior Between P Base End Shield and Mounting Base
	3 Mathematical Modeling of Vertical Motors
		3.1 Beam–Mass Schematic of Vertical Motor
		3.2 Equation of Motion
		3.3 Calculation of Equivalent Tip Mass
	4 Validation of Developed Mathematical Model
		4.1 Solution by ANSYS
		4.2 Solution by DyRoBeS
			4.2.1 DyRoBeS Gives 43.21 Hz
		4.3 Validation Across Different Enclosures
	5 Conclusions
	References
Evaluation of High-Tech Electrical Steel in a High-Speed Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine for an Aircraft Application
	1 Introduction
	2 Material Characteristic of Electrical Sheets
	3 Reference Machine Design
	4 Introducing Cobalt-Iron Electrical Sheets
	5 Fitting the Design
	6 Results and Discussion
	7 Conclusion
	References
New Life Calculation Model for Hybrid Bearings
	1 Introduction
	2 SKF Generalized Bearing Life Model: The Next Step in Bearing Rating Life Calculations
	3 Hybrid Bearings
	4 Background of New Endurance Life Model
	5 Generalized Modelling Approach
	6 Surface Survival of Ceramic-Steel Interface
	7 Surface Life Model
	8 Application
	9 Case 1: Pump
	10 Case 2: Electric Motor
	11 Case 3: Electric Motor, Higher Load
	12 Case 4: Screw Compressor
	13 Summary of Results
	14 Summary and Conclusions
	References
Programme for In-Depth Analyses of Electric Motor Systems in Industry (ProAnalySys)
	1 Introduction
	2 Electricity Consumption of Swiss Companies and Applicable Regulations
	3 In-Depth Analysis of Electric Motor Systems
	4 Pilot Projects
		4.1 Cable Railway
		4.2 Refrigeration Installation
		4.3 Pumping System for a Water Tobogganing Facility
	5 Conclusions
	References
A Review of the United States Process for Developing MEPS, the Benefits, and How Other Economic Regions Could Benefit from Adopting Similar Approaches
	1 An Overview of Effective MEPS Development
	2 History of the Process Rule
	3 The Process Rule Explained
		3.1 Framework Phase
		3.2 Preliminary Analysis Phase
		3.3 Notice of Proposed Rulemaking Phase
		3.4 Direct Final Rule
		3.5 Final Rule Phase
	4 Potential Updates to the Process Rule
	5 Examples of the Process Rule and Lessons Learned
	6 Using the Process Rule as a Model for Other Economies
	7 Conclusion
	References
Electromagnetic Design of Propulsion Motors with Superconducting Field Coils for Electrified Aircraft
	1 Introduction
	2 Electrified Aircraft Propulsion System Configuration
	3 Partially Superconducting Motor Specifications
	4 Output Power Density and Loss Estimate
	5 Analysis Results
	6 Electromagnetic Design with Finite Element Method Analysis
	7 Conclusion
	References
Design Methodology for a PM Electrical Variable Transmission Used in HEV
	1 Introduction
	2 Permanent Magnet Electrical Variable Transmission
		2.1 Topology
		2.2 Operating Principle
		2.3 Optimal Control
	3 Scaling Laws
		3.1 Scalable Machine Properties
		3.2 Scalable Control
	4 EVT-Based HEV
		4.1 Vehicle
		4.2 Control
	5 Results
	6 Conclusion
	References
IE3 Efficiency Class as MEPS for Industrial Motor: How Brazil Got There
	1 Introduction
	2 Regulatory Impact Study
		2.1 Analysis of the Impact on the Steel Market
		2.2 Impact Analysis on the OEM Market
		2.3 Impact Analysis on the Motor Market
		2.4 Analysis of the Impact on the Electricity Sector
		2.5 Impact Analysis from the Point of View of the Consumer
		2.6 Analysis of Impact Magnitude
		2.7 Conclusion and Recommendations of the Study
	3 Steps for Publication of Motor MEPS Joint Ministerial Ordinance
	4 Ordinance Benefits
	5 Challenges for Effective Ordinance Implementation
	6 Conclusions
	References
A Decision-Making Tool Incorporating Multiple Benefits of Motor Systems’ Retrofits
	1 Introduction
	2 What Are Multiple Benefits?
	3 ‘Multiple Benefits for Electric Motor Systems’: Project Background
		3.1 Goal
		3.2 Framework
		3.3 Project Phases
		3.4 Project Partners
	4 Methodology
	5 Results
		5.1 Preparation
		5.2 Interviews
	6 Outlook
	References
European Ecodesign Material Efficiency Standardization Overview for Circular Economy Aspects in Motor and Power Drive Systems
	1 Introduction
	2 Ecodesign Standardization Request on Material Efficiency to Support Circular Economy
	3 Detailed Description and Purpose of the Horizontal EN 4555x Standard Series
		3.1 A Set of Material Efficiency Standards Covering Assessment of ErP
		3.2 Detailed Content of EN 4555x Series
	4 Consideration of Product-Specific Standards for Motors, VSD, and Their Applications
		4.1 Product-Specific Standards Derived from EN 4555x Series
		4.2 Future Harmonized Standards Covering Ecodesign Regulations
		4.3 Future of EU Regulation Process for Ecodesign (MEErP)
	5 Conclusion
	References
Comparison Between the Use of the Middle Ring and/or Skewed Bars in Induction Motor Rotor
	1 Introduction
	2 Theoretical Prediction
		2.1 Skewed Bars vs Straight Bars
		2.2 Use of Middle Ring
	3 Models in Analysis
		3.1 Skewed Bars (skb_nr)
		3.2 Straight Bars (stb_nr)
		3.3 Straight Bars and Middle Ring (stb_r)
		3.4 Skewed Bars and Middle Ring (skb_r)
	4 Sizing of the Models in Analysis
		4.1 Skew Angle
		4.2 Stagger Angle
		4.3 Middle Ring
	5 Characteristics of the Machine
	6 Laboratory Tests
		6.1 Performance Test
		6.2 Torque-Speed Curve
		6.3 Noise Test
	7 Results
		7.1 Performance Test
		7.2 Torque-Speed Curve
		7.3 Noise Test
	8 Conclusion
	References
Efficiency Measurement Strategy for a Planetary Gearbox with 2 Degrees of Freedom
	1 Introduction
	2 Theoretical Model
	3 Measurement Setup
		3.1 Measurement Accuracy
	4 Measurement of 1-DOF Efficiency Map
		4.1 Path 1 (Sun to Carrier)
		4.2 Path 2 (Carrier to Sun)
	5 Case Study
	6 Conclusion
	References
Development of High-Precision Efficiency Measuring Device for High Power Motor Drive Systems
	1 Introduction
	2 Measuring the Efficiency of Inverters and Motors [1, 2]
		2.1 Measuring an Inverter’s Input Power
		2.2 Measuring an Inverter’s Output Power
		2.3 Measuring a Motor’s Power
	3 High Precision Power Measurement [3]
		3.1 High Precision Power Measurement Using the Current Sensor Method
		3.2 Power Analyzer Frequency Band and Sampling Frequency [1]
	4 Wide Band and Large Current Sensors [4–6]
		4.1 Principle of Operation of AC/DC Zero-Flux Method Using Flux-Gate (FG) Element
		4.2 Features Compared to Other Current Measurement Methods
		4.3 New CT Coil Structure that Achieves Wide Bandwidth Characteristics
		4.4 Shield Structure that Achieves Superior Noise Resistance and CMRR
	5 Application Example
		5.1 Comparison of Three-Phase Motor U-Phase Current Waveforms from an SiC Inverter
	6 Conclusion
	References
Evaluation and Application of Existing Air Curtain Effectiveness Methodology
	1 Introduction
	2 The Efficiency Factor Calculation Methods
		2.1 The Method for Door Height Within 3 Meters
		2.2 The Method for Door Height over Three Meters
		2.3 Resulting Calculation Procedure of Efficiency Factor
	3 Case Studies and Discussions
		3.1 Case 1: An Air Curtain for 2.4 m Door
		3.2 Case 2: An Air Curtain for 5 m Door
		3.3 Case 3: An Air Curtain for 8 m Door
		3.4 Discussions
	4 Validation of the Method
		4.1 Validation Setup
		4.2 Validation Results
	5 Conclusions
	Appendices
		Appendix A
		Appendix B
	References
Promoting CO2 Water Source Heat Pumps in Indian Industrial Sector
	1 Introduction
	2 CO2-Based Heat Pumps
		2.1 An Overview
		2.2 Need for CO2-Based Heat Pumps
		2.3 CO2 Water-to-Water Heat Pumps (EHP): Basic Concept
	3 Case Study of Installing EHP in India
		3.1 Background
		3.2 The Proposed EHP System
		3.3 Summary of Key Findings
			3.3.1 Potential for Replicating EHP
			3.3.2 Barriers to Deployment of EHP in Indian Industrial Sector
				High Investment Cost
				Limited Awareness About EHP
				Limited Technical Capacity to Run and Maintain EHP
	4 Approaches to Promote EHP in the Indian Industrial Sector
		4.1 Overcoming the Financial Barrier
		4.2 Overcoming the Limited Awareness and Technical Capacity Regarding EHP
	5 Conclusion
	References
Refrigeration Systems: Optimal Temperature Setpoint Regarding Air Mixing in a HVAC-R System
	1 Introduction
	2 Annotations and Definition
		2.1 Nomenclatures
	3 Rooftop Unit (RTU) System Description
	4 Problem Description and Objective
	5 Evaporator Air Loop Analysis
		5.1 Characterization
		5.2 Energy Balance and Water Vapor Mass Balance in a Moist (Humid) Air Volume
			5.2.1 Energy Balance
			5.2.2 Water Vapor Mass Balance
				Condensation Condition Definition
				Water Vapor Mass Balance without Condensation
		5.3 Energy and Mass Balances Applied to the Evaporator Air Loop
			5.3.1 Energy Balance Analysis on “Mixing Chamber” Volume
			5.3.2 Energy Balance Analysis on “Room” Volume
			5.3.3 Energy Balance Analysis on “Evaporator” Volume
			5.3.4 Equation Resolution:
			5.3.5 Simulation Results
	6 Refrigeration Loop Analysis
		6.1 Equation System Resolution
		6.2 Simulation-Based Results
			6.2.1 Simulation with Compressor at Variable Speed
			6.2.2 Simulation with Compressor at Fixed Speed
		6.3 Another Example
	7 Conclusion
	References
Modeling of Radial and Tangential Roebel Bar Force Distributions in Large Electrical Machines Considering Longitudinal Transposition
	1 Introduction
	2 Roebel Bar Forces
		2.1 Salient Pole Synchronous Generator with Roebel Bar
		2.2 Lorentz Force and Maxwell Stress Tensor
	3 Radial and Tangential Flux Density Distribution in the Slot
		3.1 Impact of Field Current on the Flux Density Distribution in the Slot
		3.2 Impact of the Stator Current on the Flux Density Distribution in the Slot
	4 Impact of Operation Points on the Roebel Bar Forces
		4.1 Impact of Load Angle on the Flux Density Distribution in the Slot
		4.2 Impact of Power Factor on the Flux Density Distribution in the Slot
	5 Radial and Tangential Forces on the Roebel Bar
		5.1 Sub-conductor Forces
		5.2 The Impact of Transposition
	6 Conclusion
	References
NH3-CO2 Brine System for Refrigeration at Cold Storages and Seafood Processing Plants in India
	1 Introduction
	2 Switching to Natural Refrigerants as an Environmentally Friendly Alternative to Synthetic Refrigerants
		2.1 Why Switch to Natural Refrigerant?
	3 NH3-CO2 Secondary System
		3.1 Basic Concept
		3.2 Benefits of NH3-CO2 Secondary System
	4 A Case Study in India
		4.1 Outline
		4.2 Calculation and Findings
	5 A Framework to Adopt the NH3-CO2 System more Widely in India
	6 Conclusion
	Appendix: Region-Wise Processing Plants and Storage Premises (as on 10-04-2019)
	References
Semi-analytical Calculation of Field and Loss Distribution in the Tooth Tips of Electrical Machines
	1 Introduction
	2 Loss Model
	3 Field Calculation
		3.1 Schwarz-Christoffel Mapping
		3.2 Solving the Laplace Equation
		3.3 Magnetic Reluctance Network
	4 Transient Calculation
	5 Conclusion
	References
The Effect of Top Runner Motor (IE3) Regulation in Japan
	1 Background
		1.1 Motor Market in Japan
	2 Top Runner Standard for Three-Phase Induction Motor
		2.1 Outline of Regulation
		2.2 Results of Top Runner Scheme
			2.2.1 Ratio of IE3 Motors
			2.2.2 Consideration of the Cause Why IE3 Does Not Progress
			2.2.3 Energy-Saving Achievement Level
	3 Conclusion
	References
The Market of Electric Motors, Pumps and Fans in the European Union and in Switzerland
	1 Background
	2 Goal
	3 Scope
	4 Methodology
	5 Motors in Switzerland
	6 Motor and VFD Prices in Switzerland
	7 Circulators in Switzerland and in the EU
	8 Water Pumps in Switzerland and in the EU
	9 Fans in Switzerland and in the EU
	10 Observations and Recommendations
	11 Outlook
	References
Pilot Audit Program for Electric Motor-Driven Systems
	1 Background
	2 Audit Program
		2.1 Organization, Roles, and Stakeholders
		2.2 Success and Fail Factors
		2.3 Cost and Benefits
	3 Training
	4 Planning
	References
Operation Analysis of an Integrated Linear Flux Modulating Motor for a Direct-Driven Belt Conveyor
	1 Introduction
	2 Parametric Model
	3 Model Optimization
	4 Feeding Force Ripple Reduction
	5 Efficiency Analysis for All Points of Operation
	6 Conclusion
	References
Performance of Copper Rotor Motor in High-Speed Applications
	1 Introduction
	2 Copper Rotor Motor
	3 Copper Rotor for Spindle Motor
	4 Copper Rotor for Traction Motors
	5 Conclusion
	References
Development and Loss Evaluation of High-Speed PM Synchronous Machine
	1 Introduction
	2 Development and Specification of Prototype Motor
	3 Performance Evaluation
		3.1 Loss Separation in No-Load Test
		3.2 Load Test by Back-to-Back Test
		3.3 Consideration of Loss Analysis of Retaining Ring
			3.3.1 Loss Analysis of Retaining Ring
			3.3.2 Ring Loss Measurement Test
			3.3.3 Temperature Evaluation of the Retaining Ring
		3.4 Fundamental Consideration of Windage Loss and Iron Loss
			3.4.1 Windage Loss of the Prototype Motor
				Calculation Formula of Windage Loss
				Windage Loss Breakdown
			3.4.2 Windage Loss Measurement
				Loss Evaluation Machine Structure
				Decompression Experiment
				Experimental Result
	4 Cooling System and Heat Run Test
		4.1 Cooling System
		4.2 Temperature Test Result
		4.3 Flow Analysis
	5 Conclusion
	References
Regulation and Enforcement [Surveillance] Consequences
	1 Current Regulations Covering Motors and Motor-Driven Systems
		1.1 Small Motors [Fans, Pumps, Pool Pumps, Compressors, and Others]
		1.2 Global Motor Supply Chain
		1.3 NEMA Recommendations to DOE
		1.4 DOE’s Reply to NEMA, Advocates, and Electric Power Utilities
	2 Changes to the Global Supply Chain
		2.1 What Has the Current Global Supply Chain Done to Achieving Estimated Energy Savings?
	3 Certification Report Proposed to Be Added to Motors and Motor Systems When Imported
		3.1 HTS Code (2014) HTS Product Description (2014) Partial Listing of Products to Be Included
	4 In Conclusion
	References
Strategies to Promote Energy-Efficient Compressed Air Systems Among Indian Companies
	1 Background
	2 Introduction
	3 Barriers and Drivers for Industrial Energy Efficiency
	4 Programmes on CAS Efficiency
	5 Approaches to Promote Energy-Efficient CAS in India
	6 Conclusion
	References
Transformation Program for Low-Efficiency Electric Motors and Market Surveillance Activities in Turkey
	1 Background
	2 The Adaptation Process of the Eco-Design Regulation for Electric Motors in Turkey
	3 Electric Motors Inventory Analysis
	4 Findings
	5 GEF Project: “Promoting Energy-Efficient Motors in Small- and Medium-Sized Enterprises” (TEVMOT)
	6 One-Stop-Shops at OIZs to Accelerate Investments by SMEs
	7 Kayseri Organized Industrial Zone (OIZ) Pilot Project
	8 Stakeholders of the Program
	9 SMEs
	10 Motor Manufacturers
	11 Organized Industrial Zones
	12 Financial Institutions
	13 Energy Service Companies
	14 Financial Structures
		14.1 KOSGEB Financing Support
		14.2 Dedicated Energy Efficiency Credit Lines
	15 Market Surveillance Activities and Testing Facilities
	16 Pilot Audits
		16.1 Future Plans
	17 Testing Facilities
	18 Market Surveillance and TEVMOT Sample Selection
	19 Conclusion
The Public Energy Efficiency Policies Mapped and Implemented for the Industrial Motor Reconditioning Sector in Brazil
	1 Introduction
	2 Working Group of Reconditioned Electric Motors
		2.1 Sector Identification
		2.2 Regulatory
		2.3 Standardization
		2.4 Consumer Awareness
		2.5 Qualification/Training
		2.6 Category Representativeness
		2.7 Other Actions
	3 Conclusion
	References
Self-Assessment Tool for the Estimation of the Savings Potential of Electric Motor Systems
	1 Introduction
	2 Electricity Consumption and Savings Potential of Electric Motor Systems
	3 Regulations for Swiss Companies
	4 All-in-One Software Tool
	5 Preliminary Analysis
	6 Extended Analysis
	7 Conclusions
	References
Labelling of Air Compressors – Much More Than Nameplate Data
	1 Introduction
	2 Air Compressor Efficiency
	3 Compressor Nameplate Data
	4 Compressor Efficiency Versus Compressed Air System Efficiency
	References
Theoretical and Experimental Evaluation of Compressed Air Leakages
	1 Introduction
	2 CA Leakages in the Literature
		2.1 Experimental Evaluations
		2.2 Summary
	3 Theoretical Calculation of CA Leaks
		3.1 Ideal Gas
		3.2 Simulation Model
	4 Experimental Evaluation of CA Leaks
		4.1 Experimental Setup
		4.2 Manufacturing of Artificial Leakages and Quality Control
		4.3 Test Procedure
	5 Results and Discussion
		5.1 Circular Orifices
		5.2 Slots
		5.3 Comparison Theoretical an Experimental Leakage Rates
	6 Conclusion
	References
Digitalization in Electric Motor-Driven Systems
	1 Electric Motor-Driven Systems (EMDS) and Electricity Use
	2 Digitalization in Industry: Scope
		2.1 Smart Manufacturing/Industry 4.0
		2.2 Digitalization in the Industry
	3 Advantages of Industry 4.0 – Business Views
	4 Digitalization and Energy Efficiency in EMDS
	5 Next Steps
	References
Calorimetric Efficiency Determination of Power Electronic Variable Speed Drives
	1 Introduction
	2 Calorimeter Concept
	3 Test Bench Setup
	4 Measurement Procedure
	5 Measurement Uncertainty
	6 Measurement Results
	7 Conclusion
	References
Round Robin for Converter Losses: Uniform Testing Protocol and Results from Tests in Phase 1
	1 Electric Motor-Driven Systems: Efficiency
	2 Converter Losses
	3 The Genesis of IEC 61800-9-2
	4 Round Robin RR’C
	5 The Uniform Testing Protocol (UTP)
	6 Results from VFC Tests in RR’C Phase 1
	7 Recommendations and Conclusions
	References
Preliminary Results from RR’C 2: Round Robin for Converter Losses, Phase 2
	1 Goal
	2 Organization
	3 Preparation
	4 Phase 2
	5 Timeline
	6 Test Laboratories in Phase 2
	7 Product Selection
	8 Uniform Testing Protocol (UTP)
		8.1 Background
		8.2 Test Program
	9 Management and Collaboration Tool
	10 Results and Evaluation
	11 Cost and Financing
	References
Embedded Estimation of Variable Speed Drive Input Current Distortion
	1 Introduction
	2 Definition and Measures
		2.1 Total Harmonic Current and Total Harmonic Distortion
		2.2 Drive Topologies
	3 Estimation
		3.1 System View
		3.2 Rectifier and Input Voltage Vr
		3.3 Inverter and Output Current Io
		3.4 Dynamic Model
		3.5 Simulation
		3.6 Harmonics Calculation
			3.6.1 Frequency Domain Calculation
			3.6.2 Approximation
	4 Conclusion
	References
Comparison of Fixed and Variable Speed Pumps Under Consideration of Manufacturer and Operator Aspects
	1 Introduction
	2 State of the Art
	3 Content of the Study
	4 Experiments and Calculation Methods
		4.1 Measurements on the Pump Test Bench
		4.2 Measurements on the Motor Test Bench
		4.3 Calculation Fundamentals
	5 Results and Analysis
		5.1 Efficiency of a Pump Running at Increased Speed
		5.2 Replacing Bigger Pump with Smaller Pump at Increased Speed
		5.3 Operating Point Adjustment via VSD
		5.4 Reduction of Pump Sizes Due to Speed Adjustment
	6 Conclusion
	References
New Composite Containment Shell for Magnetically Driven Pumps
	1 Introduction
	2 Xycomp® Pump-Shells
	3 Internal Testing
		3.1 Burst Pressure
			3.1.1 Room Temperature Burst Pressures
			3.1.2 Cryogenic Temperature Burst Pressures
			3.1.3 Elevated Temperature Burst Pressures
		3.2 Creep Testing
		3.3 Fatigue Testing
	4 Other Tests
	5 OEM Testing
		5.1 Dry Running
	6 Conclusions
	References
Hydraulic System Optimization
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Basic Considerations
		1.2 Pump Model
		1.3 Motor and Drive
	2 Example
	3 An Example from the Field
	4 Conclusion
	References
Comparison of Different Methods to Determine the Per-Phase Equivalent Circuit Parameters of Three-Phase Induction Motors Using IEC Nameplate and Catalogue Data
	1 Introduction
	2 Deterministic Methods to Determine EC Parameters
		2.1 Traditional Method Based on the No-Load and Locked-Rotor Tests
		2.2 Bortoni’s Method Based on the IEC Nameplate and Catalogue Data
	3 New Proposed Method Based on a Stochastic Approach
	4 Comparison of Results
	5 Conclusions and Future Work
	References
Experimental Study on Three-Phase Induction Motor Performance Under Supply Voltage Unbalance for Star and Delta Connections
	1 Introduction
	2 Experimental Setup
	3 Experimental Results
		3.1 No-Load Test
		3.2 Full-Load Test
	4 Conclusions and Future Work
	References
Conserving Energy in Compressed Air System: Practical Case Studies from Indian Industry
	1 Introduction
	2 Leakages in Compressed Air System
		2.1 Primary Leakages
		2.2 Secondary Leakages
		2.3 Discussion
	3 Wastage of Power Due to Unloading
		3.1 Permanent Magnet VSD Compressors
		3.2 Discussion
	4 Artificial Demand
		4.1 Discussion
	5 Optimum Pressure Requirement in the Plant
	6 Estimating Receiver Size
	7 Flow Controller Versus VSD Drive in SMEs
	8 Suction Air Cooling
		8.1 Discussion
		8.2 Case Study: Energy Saving of Replacing a Fixed Speed Induction Motor Compressor with a PM + VSD Air Compressor
		8.3 Case Study: Energy Saving of Replacing a Fixed-Speed Induction Motor Compressor with a PM + VSD Air Compressor
	9 Conclusions
	References
Optimizing Pump and Compressor Selection for Energy Efficiency Using True-Weighted Efficiency (TWE)
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Optimal Selection of Motor-Driven Fluid-Handling Equipment
		1.2 Energy Consumption
	2 Energy-Efficiency Standards and Regulations
	3 TWE Method
	4 Demonstration of the TWE Method
		4.1 Case Study A: Pump
		4.2 Case Study B: Turbocompressor
	5 Summary
	References