Enemy Archives: Soviet Counterinsurgency Operations and the Ukrainian Nationalist Movement – Selections from the Secret Police Archives

Cover
ENEMY ARCHIVES
Title
Copyright
Contents
Illustrations
Maps
Acknowledgments
Translator’s Note
Introduction
Part One: The Programmatic Principles of the Ukrainian Liberation Movement and the Political Decisions of the Leadership
	CHAPTER 1 | THE IDEOLOGICAL EVOLUTION OF THE ORGANIZATION OF UKRAINIAN NATIONALISTS (OUN), 1929–50
		1 Resolutions of the First Congress of Ukrainian Nationalists (February 1929)
		2 Manifesto of the Revolutionary Leadership of the OUN (December 1940)
		3 Resolutions of the Second Grand Assembly of the OUN (April 1941)
		4 Resolutions of the Third Extraordinary Grand Assembly of the OUN (August 1943)
		5 Leaflet: What the UPA Is Fighting For
		6 Platform of the Ukrainian Supreme Liberation Council (UHVR)
		7 The Universal of the UHVR
		8 The UHVR’s Structure
		9 Declaration of the OUN leadership at the End of the Second World War in Europe
		10 Clarifications and Addenda to the Programmatic Resolutions of the Third Extraordinary Grand Assembly of the OUN
	CHAPTER 2 | POLITICAL RESOLUTIONS AND DECISIONS OF THE OUN LEADERSHIP, 1941–52
		11 Guidelines for the First Days of the Organization of State Life
		12 Report on the Act Restoring Ukrainian Statehood
		13 Resolutions of the Second Conference of the OUN Leadership
		14 Leaflet: The Partisan Movement and Our Attitude to It
		15 Resolutions of the Third Conference of the OUN Leadership
		16 Decisions of the Conference of the OUN Leadership (1945)
		17 Decisions of the Conference of the OUN Leadership (1946)
		18 Instructions: Possible Outbreak of the Third World War (ca. 1946)
		19 Decisions of the Conference of the OUN Leadership (1947)
		20 Decisions of the Conference of the OUN Leadership (1948)
		21 Decisions of the Conference of the OUN Leadership (1949)
		22 Order of UPA’s Supreme Commander on Cessation of UPA Activities (1949)
		23 Decisions of the Conference of the OUN Leadership (1950)
		24 Instructions: Possible Outbreak of the Third World War (1950)
		25 Decisions of the Conference of the OUN Leadership (1951)
		26 Decisions of the Conference of the OUN Leadership (1952)
Part Two: The Struggle of the Ukrainian Liberation Movement, 1940–50
	CHAPTER 3 | THE FORMATION OF THE UKRAINIAN INSURGENT ARMY (UPA), TACTICS AND TRAINING
		27 Order of the UPA Command in Volyn on Self-Defence in Villages
		28 Order of UPA Supreme Military HQ on UPA Structures
		29 Instructions of UPA Supreme Military HQ on Ranks and Grades
		30 Order of Commander of UPA-West on Ukrainian People’s Self-Defence
		31 Order of UPA Supreme Military HQ on Military Headquarters
		32 Guidelines of UPA Supreme Military HQ on Military Activities
		33 Order of UPA Supreme Military HQ on Military Distinctions
		34 Order of UPA Supreme Military HQ about Oath
		35 Addendum to Order of UPA Supreme Military HQ on Swearing Oath
		36 Instruction: Political Training in the Ranks of the UPA
		37 Instruction: Tactics of the UPA’s Struggle – Guerrilla Warfare
		38 Non-Commissioned Officer (NCO) Staff Training Program
		39 Order: Training Camp Routine
	CHAPTER 4 | DIRECTIVES OF THE INSURGENT AUTHORITIES
		40 Directive of UPA Commander on Military Field Courts and Revolutionary Tribunals
		41 Directive of UPA Supreme Command on the Land Question
		42 Directive of UPA Supreme Command on Ukraine’s Territorial Administration
	CHAPTER 5 | THE OUN SECURITY SERVICE (SB OUN)
		43 Record of Interrogation of NKVD Agent, Vasyl Ohorodnyk
		44 Guidelines for Activities of the OUN’s SB
		45 Directive on Banning Alcohol Use by UPA Soldiers and Underground Members
		46 Report on Terrorist Acts of SB Fighting Groups in the Kalush Area
		47 List of Individuals Liquidated by the SB
		48 Pledge to Cooperate with the SB
		49 Instruction: On the Application of Punishments for OUN Members
		50 Instruction: On the Safeguarding of SB Archives
	CHAPTER 6 | OTHER STRUCTURES OF THE LIBERATION MOVEMENT
		51 Order of UPA Commander on the Ukrainian Red Cross
		52 Instruction: Organization of the UPA’s Military Field Gendarmerie (VPZh)
		53 Guidelines for Organizing the Underground’s Food Supply
		54 Order of OUN Carpathian Krai Leader on Relationship between the OUN and the UPA
		55 Order on Establishment of Relations between UPA Units and the OUN Network
		56 Guidelines for Organizing Communications in the Underground
	CHAPTER 7 | RESISTANCE TO THE GERMAN OCCUPATION
		57 OUN Leaflet: What We Reproach the Germans For
		58 German Anti-Insurgent Leaflet: Moscow Is Issuing Orders to the OUN
		59 Appeal of the German Police to Population of Volyn
		60 Information on UPA Actions in Volyn in the Spring of 1943
		61 Report on Raid by Hordiienko’s UPA Unit into the Zhytomyr Region
		62 Order of the UPA Command in Volyn concerning Defence against the Germans
		63 Announcement about the Liquidation of the German Agent, Yurii Sokolovsky
		64 Report on Battles between the Trembita Training Camp and the Germans
		65 Description of a Battle between German Units and the UPA (and Azerbaijanis)
		66 Report on German Roundup at Ivan Franko Theatre in Stanyslaviv
		67 Report on the Battle between the Chorni Chorty Group and the Germans
		68 Instruction: Change in Fighting Tactics and Shifting Fronts
		69 Guidelines of the German Command towards the UPA
		70 German Executions of OUN Members
		71 Report on UPA Battles against the Germans in the Vinnytsia Region
		72 Extract from Indictment of a UPA Battalion Commander for Collaborating with Germans
		73 About Relations between the UPA Unit Commanded by Maksym Skorupsky and the Germans
		74 Information on Correspondence between Ukrainian Insurgents and Germans in Trostianets
		75 Announcement about German Action against the UPA in the Rava-Ruska Okruha
		76 Report on the UPA’s Anti-German Actions in the Volodymyr Area
		77 Report on the Battles between Vasyl Andrusiak’s Battalion and the Germans
	CHAPTER 8 | THE POLISH-UKRAINIAN CONFLICT
		78 Report on Combat Operations Carried Out by UPA Units in July 1943
		79 Order of the OUN Krai Leadership on the Suspension of Anti-Polish Actions
		80 Announcement about the Ukrainian-Polish Conflict in Liuboml Raion
		81 Report on Anti-Polish Action in the Village of Hanachiv
		82 Testimony on the Destruction of the Ukrainian Village of Sahryn by AK Troops
		83 Reports on Anti-Polish Actions in Stanyslaviv Region
		84 Report on Anti-Polish Actions in the Rava-Ruska Area
		85 Villages in the Hrubeshiv Area Destroyed by Polish Units
		86 Report on Anti-Polish Actions in the Drohobych Area
		87 Fragment from a Political Report from the Lviv Region
		88 Record of Negotiations with the Poles in the Stanyslaviv Region
		89 Order of the OUN Leader in Zakerzonnia against Deportation of Ukrainians
		90 Report on a Meeting between the UPA and the AK in the Kholm Region
		91 Report on the Destruction of the Village of Zavadka Morakhivska by the Polish Army
		92 Report on Joint Action of UPA Units and Wolność i Niezawisłość against Hrubeshiv
		93 Letter of OUN Raion Leader on Deportation of Ukrainians during Operation Vistula
	CHAPTER 9 | THE UKRAINIAN UNDERGROUND’S RESISTANCE TO SOVIET RULE
		94 Operational Order of UPA Command on the Struggle under Soviet Occupation
		95 Report on the Battle of Hurby (1944)
		96 Information about the Soviet Home Front in the Second Half of May 1944
		97 Report of the Commander of UPA-West about the Shifting Front
		98 Report on Battles Fought by the UPA Units in Subcarpathia
		99 Report on a Surprise Attack on Radekhiv by a UPA Unit
		100 Report on the UPA Activities in Chorny Lis
		101 Extract from NKVD Report about Insurgent Ambush of Leading Communist Party Members
		102 Report on an Attack on the City of Probizhna by the UPA
		103 Report on the Elections to the Supreme Soviet of the USSR in the Village of Ilemia
		104 Report on Elections to the Supreme Soviet of the USSR in the Nadvirna Area
		105 Extract from: On the Combat Operations of the UPA and the Armed Underground in the Ukrainian Lands under Muscovite-Bolshevik Occupation, August 1946–August 1947
		106 Extract from: On the Combat Operations of the UPA and the Armed Underground in the Ukrainian Lands under Muscovite-Bolshevik Occupation, from January to June 1948
	CHAPTER 10 | PROPAGANDA ACTIVITIES OF THE UKRAINIAN UNDERGROUND
		107 Leaflet: Volunteers in German Military Units
		108 Leaflet-Appeal: Georgians and Other Peoples of the Caucasus
		109 Leaflet-Appeal: Comrades, Russian Red Army Soldiers
		110 Leaflet-Appeal: Ukrainians, Fighters and Commanders of the Red Army
		111 Leaflet-Appeal: Fighters and Commanders of the Red Army
		112 Leaflet: Poles
		113 Instruction of OUN Leadership on Boycott of Elections to the Supreme Soviet of the USSR
		114 Instruction: Concerning Some Political-Propaganda Errors
		115 “Will the Atomic Bomb Save England? A Response to Churchill”: Article by Yaroslav Starukh
		116 Instruction: “Facing the East” – Propaganda in Central and Eastern Ukraine
		117 Leaflet: Peasants of Western Ukraine
		118 Report on the 1947 Raid by the UPA into the American Occupation Zone of Germany
		119 Appeal of the Underground Leadership to the Ukrainian Emigration (1949)
		120 Report on a UPA Raid into Romanian Territory (1949)
		121 Leaflet: Jews – Citizens of Ukraine
		122 Announcement about the Underground’s Attitude towards Employees of the Soviet Administration
		123 Appeal of the UHVR to Peoples of Central and Southern Europe and the Baltic Region
		124 Order by the UPA Supreme Commander on the Tenth Anniversary of the UPA
		125 Appeal Issued by the Supreme Commander of the UPA
Part Three: Soviet Security Organs and the Struggle against the Ukrainian Liberation Movement, 1940–50
	CHAPTER 11 | COMMAND ASSESSMENTS OF THE UPA’S STRUGGLE
		126 Order by People’s Commissar of Internal Affairs of the USSR, Lavrentiy Beria, on Repression of Families of Members of the Underground (1944)
		127 Order concerning Measures on the Intensification of the Struggle against the OUN Underground and the Liquidation of Armed OUN Gangs in the Western Oblasts of the Ukrainian SSR
		128 Information on the Activities of NKVD Agent Drozd
		129 Order by People’s Commissar of Internal Affairs of the Ukrainian SSR: On Additional Measures in the Struggle against OUN and UPA Banditry on the Territory of Stanyslaviv Oblast
		130 Reminiscences of Stryisky about His Arrest and Imprisonment (1945)
		131 Extract from Report on the Special Groups by the NKVD’s Directorate for the Struggle against Banditry of the Ukrainian SSR, Covering the First Six Months of 1945
		132 Extract from Report on the Anti-UPA Stanyslaviv Operation Prepared by the Directorate for the Struggle against Banditry, Covering the First Six Months of 1945
		133 Guidelines to Heads of NKVD Directorates in Western Oblasts concerning the Struggle against OUN Agents in Soviet Institutions
		134 Yulia Sholohon’s Pledge to Collaborate with the NKVD
		135 Guidelines Issued to Heads of NKVD Directorates in Western Oblasts concerning the Struggle against the OUN in the Cities
		136 Extract from a Report on the Operation to Capture the OUN Leader of Bukovyna by the NKVD Directorate for the Struggle against Banditry, Covering the First Six Months of 1945
		137 Extract from a Report on the Increase in the Number of Soviet Agents Enlisted in the Struggle against the Ukrainian Underground, Prepared by the NKVD Directorate for the Struggle against Banditry (July–September 1945)
		138 Extract from a Report on the Number of Soviet Agents Enlisted in the Struggle against the Ukrainian Underground, Preparted by the NKVD Directorate for the Struggle against Banditry (September–December 1945)
		139 Extract from a Report Prepared by the Directorate for the Struggle against Banditry of the NKVD concerning the Main Tasks for the First Quarter of 1946 (September–December 1945)
		140 Information on Chekist-Military Operations in Late 1945
		141 Operational Announcement about Results of the Struggle against the Ukrainian Underground in the Lviv Region as of 1 March 1946
		142 Special Announcement about the Failure of NKVD Agent Aprelskaia
		143 Information from the Ukrainian Underground: The Tactics and Methods of the NKVD and NKGB
		144 Announcement about the Killing of the Head of the OUN’s SB, Mykola Arsenych (“Mykhailo”)
		145 Ukrainian Underground’s Report on Mass Deportations during Operation Zapad
		146 Extract from Report on Results of the Struggle against the Nationalist Underground and the Arrest of UHVR President, Kyrylo Osmak (1948)
		147 Plan of Intelligence-Operational Measures to Liquidate Members of the OUN Leadership
		148 The Underground’s Announcement about an MGB Roundup in the Rohatyn Area
		149 Description of the Hideout of “Loboda,” Leader of the Kamianka-Buzka Nadraion
		150 Violations of Soviet Laws by MGB Organs during the Struggle against the Ukrainian Underground
		151 Information on the Number of Soviet Agents Searching for the OUN Leadership
		152 Information on the Killing of the UPA’s Supreme Commander, Roman Shukhevych (1950)
		153 MGB Guidelines for Preparation/Use of Fake Photographs of Ukrainian Underground Members
		154 Minutes of MGB Meeting on “Fighting Groups” in the Struggle against the Ukrainian Underground
		155 MGB Information on the Ukrainian Underground’s Change of Tactics
		156 MGB Information on OUN Attempts to Expand Activities beyond Western Ukraine
		157 Extract from a Special MGB Report on the Liquidation of Osyp, a Courier (1951)
		158 MGB Information on the Propaganda Activities of the Nationalist Underground
		159 Information on the Capture of Courier Petro Styranka (“Maksym”) – (1951)
		160 Report on the Capture of the Last Leader of the Ukrainian Underground, Vasyl Kuk (“Lemish/Koval”) – (1954)
		161 Extract from a KGB Report on the Struggle against the Ukrainian Underground, 1944–55
Glossary
Index