Endoscopic approaches to the paranasal sinuses and skull base : a step-by-step anatomic dissection guide

Endoscopic Approaches to the Paranasal Sinuses and Skull Base: A Step-by-Step Anatomic Dissection Guide
Title Page
Copyright
Contents
Preface (Manuel Bernal-Sprekelsen)
Preface (Isam Alobid)
Acknowledgments
Contributors
Section 1 Introduction
	1 Evolution of Skull Base Surgery: The Multidisciplinary Team Approach
	2 Three-Dimensional Anatomy of the Skull Base: The Ventral Pathway
		Introduction
		2.1 Surgical Simulation Methodology
		2.2 Simulation of the Different Steps of the EE Approach
		2.3 Conclusion
Section 2 Anatomy of the Lateral Nasal Wall and the Paranasal Sinuses
	3 Endoscopic Lateral Nasal Wall and Anterior and Posterior Ethmoid Sinus Dissection
		Introduction
		3.1 Indications for Ethmoid Sinus Surgery
		3.2 Surgical Steps
		3.3 Infundibulotomy
		3.4 Middle Meatal Antrostomy
		3.5 Dissection of the Anterior Ethmoid (Partial Anterior Ethmoidectomy)
		3.6 Dissection of the Posterior Ethmoid (Ethmoidectomy)
	4 Frontal Sinus and Draf Approaches
		Introduction
		4.1 Anatomy of the Frontal Recess and Frontoethmoid Cells
		4.2 Preoperative Evaluation
		4.3 Indications
		4.4 Surgical Steps
		4.5 Case Examples
		4.6 Complications and Tips and Tricks
	5 Sphenoid Sinus
		Introduction
		5.1 Anatomy of the Sphenoid Sinus
		5.2 Preoperative Evaluation
		5.3 Indications
		5.4 Surgical Steps
		5.5 Case Examples
		5.6 Complications
		5.7 Tips and Tricks
	6 Medial Maxillectomy
		Introduction
		6.1 Indications
		6.2 Surgical Steps
		6.3 Case Example
		6.4 Complications
		6.5 Tips and Tricks
	7 Anterior and Posterior Ethmoidal Arteries
		Introduction
		7.1 Indications to Expose the Ethmoidal Arteries
		7.2 Surgical Steps
		7.3 Case Example
		7.4 Complications
		7.5 Tips and Tricks
	8 Sphenopalatine and Maxillary Arteries
		Introduction
		8.1 Anatomy of the Sphenopalatine and Maxillary Arteries
		8.2 Indications for Approaches to the Sphenopalatine and Maxillary Arteries
		8.3 Surgical Approach to the Sphenopalatine Artery
		8.4 Surgical Approach to the Maxillary Artery
		8.5 Complications
Section 3 Anterior Cranial Fossa
	9 Transcribriform Approach
		Introduction
		9.1 Indications
		9.2 Surgical Steps
		9.3 Case Example
		9.4 Complications
		9.5 Tips and Tricks
	10 Endoscopic Transtuberculum Transplanum Approach
		Introduction
		10.1 Technical Description
		10.2 Case Example
	11 Suprasellar Approach to the Third Ventricle
		Introduction
		11.1 Indications
		11.2 Surgical Steps
		11.3 Case Example
		11.4 Tips and Tricks
	12 Endoscopic Sellar Approach
		Introduction
		12.1 Indications
		12.2 General Anatomic Considerations
		12.3 Surgical Steps
		12.4 Neuroimaging Techniques for Planning
		12.5 General Surgical Principles for Endoscopic Endonasal Transsphenoidal Approach
		12.6 Surgical Steps
		12.7 Intradural Dissection
		12.8 Closure
		12.9 Case Example
		12.10 Complications
		12.11 Conclusion
	13 Cavernous Sinus Approach
		Introduction
		13.1 Indications
		13.2 Surgical Steps
		13.3 Case Example
		13.4 Complications
		13.5 Tips and Tricks
	14 Endonasal Endoscopic–Assisted Intraorbital Approach
		Introduction
		14.1 Indications
		14.2 Surgical Steps
		14.3 Case Examples
		14.4 Complications
		14.5 Tips and Tricks
		14.6 Dedicated Instrumentations
	15 Transorbital Neuroendoscopic Approach
		Introduction
		15.1 Surgical Steps
		15.2 Conclusion
Section 4 Middle Cranial Fossa
	16 The Anteromedial Corridor via the Expanded Endonasal Approach: The “Front Door to Meckel’s Cave”
		Introduction
		16.1 Indications
		16.2 Anatomic Considerations
		16.3 Surgical Steps
		16.4 Case Example
		16.5 Complications
		16.6 Tips and Tricks
	17 Endoscopic Endonasal Approach to Intrapetrous Carotid Artery
		Introduction
		17.1 Anatomic Background
		17.2 Indications
		17.3 Surgical Steps
		17.4 Case Examples
		17.5 Complications
	18 Anterior Endoscopic Petrosectomy
		Introduction
		18.1 Indications
		18.2 Surgical Steps
		18.3 Complications
		18.4 Tips and Tricks
		18.5 Case Example
Section 5 Clivus and Posterior Cranial Fossa
	19 Pituitary Gland Transposition and Retrosellar Approach
		Introduction
		19.1 Indications
		19.2 Surgical Steps
		19.3 Case Example
		19.4 Complications
		19.5 Tips and Tricks
	20 Transclival Approach
		Introduction
		20.1 Indications
		20.2 Surgical Steps
		20.3 Case Examples
		20.4 Complications
		20.5 Tips and Tricks
	21 Endoscopic Approaches to the Craniovertebral Junction
		Introduction
		21.1 Surgical Approaches
		21.2 Avoidance of Complications during Endoscopic Surgery of Craniovertebral Junction
		21.3 Common Pathologies of Craniovertebral Junction
		21.4 Complications and Their Avoidance
	22 The “Far Medial” (Transcondylar/Transtubercular) Approach to the Inferior Third of the Clivus
		Introduction
		22.1 Surgical Technique
		22.2 Complications, Tips and Tricks
		22.3 Case Example
		22.4 Conclusion
	23 Jugular Foramen Approach
		Introduction
		23.1 Indications
		23.2 Surgical Steps (Including Tips and Tricks, Technique, and Important Landmarks)
Section 6 Pterygopalatine and Infratemporal Fossa
	24 Endoscopic Endonasal Approach to Pterygopalatine Fossa
		Introduction
		24.1 Indications
		24.2 Surgical Steps
		24.3 Instruments Required
		24.4 Complications
		24.5 Case Example
		24.6 Tips and Tricks
	25 Infratemporal Approach
		Introduction
		25.1 Indications
		25.2 Infratemporal Fossa Limits
		25.3 Surgical Steps
		25.4 Case Examples
		25.5 Complications
		25.6 Tips and Tricks
	26 Nasopharyngectomy
		Introduction
		26.1 Indications for an Expanded Endonasal Approach
		26.2 Contraindications to an Expanded Endonasal Approach
		26.3 Surgical Steps
		26.4 Reconstruction
		26.5 Discussion
		26.6 Contraindications to Surgery and Complications
		26.7 Conclusion
Section 7 Combined Endoscopic–Transcranial Approaches
	27 Transbasal/Subfrontal-Transcribriform Approach to Anterior Skull Base
		Introduction
		27.1 Indications
		27.2 Surgical Steps
		27.3 Case Example
		27.4 Complications
		27.5 Instruments Required
		27.6 Tips and Tricks
	28 Retrosigmoid–Transclival Approach
		Introduction
		28.1 Indications
		28.2 Surgical Steps
		28.3 Conclusion
	29 Far Lateral-Craniovertebral Approach
		29.1 Far Lateral Approach
		29.2 Extended Endoscopic Endonasal Transclival Approach to the Ventrolateral Brain Stem
	30 Anterior Transpetrosal Approach versus EEA Transclival Approach
		Introduction
		30.1 Indications
		30.2 Surgical Steps
		30.3 Complications
		30.4 Tips and Tricks
		30.5 Case Example
Section 8 Basic Landmarks in Expanded Endoscopic Skull Base Surgery
	31 Intracranial Vascular Anatomy
		Introduction
		31.1 Internal Carotid Artery
		31.2 Superior and Inferior Intercavernous Sinuses (and Cavernous Sinuses)
		31.3 Superior and Inferior Petrosal Sinuses
		31.4 Basilar Artery (and Vertebrobasilar System including Vertebral Arteries)
	32 Anteromedial Corridors to the Cranial Nerves
		Introduction
		32.1 Surgical Steps
		32.2 Tips and Tricks
	33 Bony Landmarks
		Introduction
		33.1 Parapharyngeal ICA and the Eustachian Tube
		33.2 Petrous ICA and the Vidian Canal
		33.3 Paraclival ICA and the Clival Recess and the Foramen Rotundum
		33.4 Tips and Tricks
Section 9 Reconstruction Techniques
	34 The Pedicled Nasoseptal Flap
		Introduction
		34.1 Definition
		34.2 Indications
		34.3 Tips and Tricks
		34.4 Advantages
		34.5 Surgical Steps
		34.6 Complications
		34.7 Tips and Tricks to Prevent Complications
		34.8 Tips and Tricks
		34.9 Conclusion
	35 Middle and Inferior Turbinate Flaps
		Introduction
		35.1 Reconstruction Technique
		35.2 Inferior Turbinate Flap
		35.3 Middle Turbinate Flap
		35.4 Discussion
	36 Anterior and Posterior Pedicle Lateral Nasal Wall Flaps
		Introduction
		36.1 Indications
		36.2 Surgical Steps
		36.3 Complications
		36.4 Tips and Tricks
	37 Pericranial and Temporoparietal Fascia Flaps
		Introduction
		37.1 Anatomy of the Frontal and Temporal Scalp
		37.2 Transfrontal Pericranial Flap
		37.3 Transpterygoid Temporoparietal Fascia Flap
		37.4 Discussion
Index