Endocrinology _ Pathophysiology to Therapy, 1e

Cover
Title Page
Copyright Page
Dedication Page
Contents
Preface
Acknowledgments
CHAPTER 1 Pituitary Gland Therapies
	1.1 Cushing’s Disease
		1.1.1 Pasireotide
		1.1.2 Retinoic Acid
		1.1.3 Dopaminergic Agonists
		1.1.4 Steroidogenesis Inhibitors
		1.1.5 Mifepristone
	1.2 Acromegaly
		1.2.1 Somatostatin Analogs
		1.2.2 Growth Hormone Receptor Antagonists
		1.2.3 Dopaminergic Agonists
	1.3 Prolactinoma
		1.3.1 Dopaminergic Agonists
		1.3.2 Temozolomide
	1.4 Adult Growth Hormone Insufficiency
		1.4.1 Growth Hormone
	1.5 Central Diabetes Insipidus
		1.5.1 Desmopressin
		1.5.2 Water
		1.5.3 Natriuretic Agents
		1.5.4 Clofibrate, Chlorpropamide, and Carbamazepine
	1.6 Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH Secretion
		1.6.1 Vaptans
		1.6.2 Fluid Restriction
	References
CHAPTER 2 Thyroid Gland Therapies
	2.1 Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis
		2.1.1 Levothyroxine
		2.1.2 Liothyronine
		2.1.3 Selenium
	2.2 Graves’ Disease and Thyroid Eye Disease
		2.2.1 Thionamides
		2.2.2 Lugol’s Iodine
		2.2.3 Iodide Transport Inhibitors
		2.2.4 Glucocorticoids
		2.2.5 Selenium
		2.2.6 Beta-Blockers
		2.2.7 Cholestyramine
		2.2.8 Lithium
		2.2.9 Teprotumumab
	2.3 Riedel’s Thyroiditis
		2.3.1 Glucocorticoids
		2.3.2 Rituximab
	2.4 Thyroid Hormone Resistance
		2.4.1 Beta-Blockers
		2.4.2 Thyroid Hormone Replacement Therapy
	2.5 Tsh-Secreting Tumors
		2.5.1 Somatostatin Receptor Ligands
		2.5.2 Dopaminergic Agonists
	2.6 Thyroid Cancer
		2.6.1 Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors
		2.6.2 Radioactive Iodine Ablation
		2.6.3 mTOR Inhibitors
	References
CHAPTER 3 Adrenal Gland Therapies
	3.1 Primary Adrenal Insufficiency
		3.1.1 Glucocorticoids
		3.1.2 Mineralocorticoids
		3.1.3 Androgens
	3.2 Primary Hyperaldosteronism
		3.2.1 Mineralocorticoid Antagonists
		3.2.2 Amiloride
	3.3 Pheochromocytomas and other Paraganglioma Syndromes
		3.3.1 Alpha-Blockers
		3.3.2 Beta-Blockers
		3.3.3 Chemotherapy
		3.3.4 Methyltyrosine
		3.3.5 MIBG
		3.3.6 Calcium Channel Blockers
	3.4 Classic Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia
		3.4.1 Glucocorticoids
		3.4.2 Mineralocorticoids
	3.5 Nonclassic Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia
		3.5.1 Insulin Sensitizers
		3.5.2 Oral Contraceptive Pills and Antiandrogens
	References
CHAPTER 4 Pancreatic Gland Therapies
	4.1 Diabetes Mellitus
		4.1.1 Insulin
		4.1.2 Biguanides
		4.1.3 Meglitinides
		4.1.4 Sulfonylureas
		4.1.5 Dopaminergic Agonists
		4.1.6 PPAR-Gamma Agonists
		4.1.7 GLP-1 Agonists
		4.1.8 SGLT-2 Inhibitors
		4.1.9 DPP-4 Inhibitors
		4.1.10 Alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitors
		4.1.11 Amylin Agonists
	4.2 Neuroendocrine Tumors
		4.2.1 Telotristat
		4.2.2 Acid-Lowering Drugs
		4.2.3 Somatostatin Analogs
	4.3 Hypoglycemia Syndromes
		4.3.1 Somatostatin Analogs
		4.3.2 Diazoxide and Diuretics
		4.3.3 Calcium Channel Blockers
		4.3.4 mTOR Inhibitors
		4.3.5 Phenytoin
	References
CHAPTER 5 Parathyroid Gland and Bone Therapies
	5.1 Primary Hyperparathyroidism
		5.1.1 Calcimimetics
		5.1.2 Bisphosphonates
	5.2 Hypoparathyroidism
		5.2.1 Thiazide Diuretics
		5.2.2 Active Vitamin D
		5.2.3 Calcium
		5.2.4 Recombinant Human PTH
	5.3 Paget’s Disease of Bone
		5.3.1 Bisphosphonates
		5.3.2 Calcitonin
	5.4 X-Linked Hypophosphatemia
		5.4.1 Phosphorus
		5.4.2 Burosumab (FGF-23 Monoclonal Antibody)
		5.4.3 Calcitriol
	5.5 Osteoporosis
		5.5.1 Bisphosphonates
		5.5.2 RANK-L Inhibitors
		5.5.3 PTH Analogs
		5.5.4 PTHrp Analogs
		5.5.5 Anti-Sclerostin Inhibitors
		5.5.6 Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators
		5.5.7 Hormone Replacement Therapy (Estrogen)
		5.5.8 Calcitonin
		5.5.9 Calcium and Vitamin D
	Practice-Based Questions
	References
CHAPTER 6 Reproductive Organ Therapies
	6.1 Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
		6.1.1 Biguanides (Metformin)
		6.1.2 Combination Oral Contraceptive Pills
		6.1.3 Mineralocorticoid Antagonists
		6.1.4 Gonadotropins
		6.1.5 Clomiphene Citrate
		6.1.6 Letrozole
		6.1.7 Androgen Receptor Antagonist
		6.1.8 5-Alpha Reductase Inhibitor (Finasteride)
		6.1.9 Weight loss interventions
	6.2 Male Hypogonadism
		6.2.1 Testosterone Hormone Replacement
		6.2.2 Human Chorionic Gonadotropin
		6.2.3 Follicle-Stimulating Hormone
		6.2.4 Clomiphene Citrate
	6.3 Menopause
		6.3.1 Menopausal Hormone Therapy
		6.3.2 SSRI/SNRI
	6.4 Turner’s Syndrome
		6.4.1 Hormone Replacement Therapy
		6.4.2 Therapies for Metabolic Disorders
		6.4.3 Therapies for Linear Growth
	References
CHAPTER 7 Therapies in Disorders of Lipid Metabolism and Obesity
	7.1 Hyperlipoproteinemia Syndromes
		7.1.1 Ezetimibe
		7.1.2 Statins
		7.1.3 PCSK9-Inhibitors
		7.1.4 Omega-3 Fatty Acids
		7.1.5 Fibrates
		7.1.6 Inclisiran
		7.1.7 Niacin
	7.2 Obesity
		7.2.1 Phentermine-Topiramate
		7.2.2 Liraglutide
		7.2.3 Bupropion–Naltrexone
		7.2.4 Intestinal Lipase Inhibitor
		7.2.5 Bariatric Surgery
	7.3 Lipodystrophy Syndromes
		7.3.1 Insulin Sensitizers
		7.3.2 Leptin
	References
CHAPTER 8 Miscellaneous Topics in Disorders of Endocrine Glands
	8.1 Recent Technological Advances in Diabetes Care
		8.1.1 Insulin Pumps
		8.1.2 Continuous Glucose Monitors
		8.1.3 Pumps and CGMs in Practice
	8.2 Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-Related Endocrinopathies
		8.2.1 Hypophysitis
		8.2.2 Thyroid Dysfunction
		8.2.3 Autoimmune Diabetes
		8.2.4 Hypoparathyroidism
	8.3 Pseudoendocrine Conditions
		8.3.1 Adrenal Fatigue
		8.3.2 Relative Adrenal Insufficiency
		8.3.3 Low T3 Syndrome
		8.3.4 Hashimoto Encephalopathy
	8.4 Drugs of Abuse with Endocrine Side Effects
		8.4.1 Cannabis
		8.4.2 Opioids
		8.4.3 Amphetamines
		8.4.4 Anabolic Androgenic Steroids
		8.4.5 SERMs
	References
CHAPTER 9 Dynamic Tests in Clinical Endocrinology
	9.1 Pituitary Gland
		9.1.1 ACTH Stimulation Test (Adrenal Insufficiency)
		9.1.2 ACTH Stimulation Test (Non-Classic Adrenal Hyperplasia)
		9.1.3 Dexamethasone Suppression Test
		9.1.4 Glucagon Stimulation Test
		9.1.5 Growth Hormone Suppression Test
		9.1.6 Water Deprivation Test
		9.1.7 Inferior Petrosal Sinus Sampling
		9.1.8 TRH Stimulation Test
		9.1.9 GnRH Stimulation Test
	9.2 Disorders of the Thyroid Gland
		9.2.1 Levothyroxine Absorption Test
		9.2.2 Radioactive Iodine Scans in Thyroid Cancer (Withdrawal)
		9.2.3 Radioactive Iodine Scans in Thyroid Cancer (Thyrogen)
	9.3 Disorders of the Adrenal Glands
		9.3.1 Oral Sodium Loading Test
		9.3.2 Intravenous Saline Suppression Test
		9.3.3 Clonidine Suppression Test
		9.3.4 Insulin Tolerance Test
		9.3.5 Adrenal Venous Sampling
	9.4 Disorders of the Pancreas
		9.4.1 Oral Glucose Tolerance Test
		9.4.2 The 72-Hour Fast
		9.4.3 The Secretin Stimulation Test
	9.5 DISORDERS OF THE REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS
		9.5.1 Progestin Challenge Test
	References
Appendix A
	A.1 CARDIOVASCULAR OUTCOME TRIALS IN DIABETES CARE
	A.2 COMMON SIDE EFFECTS OF ENDOCRINE TREATMENTS (BOARD REVIEW)
		A.2.1 Pituitary Therapies
		A.2.2 Thyroid Therapies
		A.2.3 Adrenal Therapies
		A.2.4 Pancreas-Related Therapies
		A.2.5 Parathyroid-Related Therapies
		A.2.6 Obesity and Lipid-Related Therapies
	A.3 BRAND NAMES OF COMMON MEDICATIONS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
		A.3.1 Diabetes Therapies
		A.3.2 Pituitary-Related Therapies
		A.3.3 Thyroid Hormone Therapies
		A.3.4 Reproductive Endocrinology Therapies
		A.3.5 Obesity and Lipid-Lowering Therapies
Index
EULA