Encyclopedia of Soil Science

Cover
Half Title
Title Page
Copyright Page
Brief Contents
Editorial Advisory Board
Contributors
Table of Contents
Topical Table of Contents
Preface
About the Editors
Volume I
	Accounting: Emergy Analysis
	Acid Mine Drainage
	Acid Rain: Nitrogen Deposition
	Acid Sulfate Soils
	Acid Sulfate Soils: Distribution and Extent
	Acid Sulfate Soils: Formation
	Acid Sulfate Soils: Management
	Acid Sulfate Soils: Problems
	Actinobacteria
	Aeration: Measurement
	Aeration: Tillage Effects
	Aggregates: Tensile Strength
	Aggregation
	Aggregation: Soil Organic Matter (SOM) and
	Aggregation: Structural Stability Measurement
	Agricultural Lands: Flooding and Levee Breaches
	Agricultural Management: Root Growth
	Agricultural Soil Carbon: Trading
	Air Permeability
	Albedo
	Alfisols
	Allophanes
	Alpine Soils
	Aluminum
	Amazon Basin Soils
	Amendments and Ameliorants
	Ammonia: Volatilization from Agricultural Soils
	Amoozemeter
	Anaerobic Processes
	Andisols
	Andisols: Iceland
	Animals: Ecosystem Functioning
	Animals: Microbial Interactions and Nutrient Cycling
	Antimony
	Ants
	Archaeology
	Arid Soils
	Arsenic: Southeast Asia
	Art and Soil
	Atterberg Limits
	Bacteria
	Biochar and Soil Characteristics
	Biochar and Soil Quality
	Biochar: Soil Carbon and Fertility
	Biodegradation and Bioremediation
	Biodiversity and Sustainability
	Bioenergy Crops: Carbon Balance Assessment
	Biofuels versus Agricultural Soils
	Biological Crusts
	Biological Nitrogen Fixation
	Biological Nitrogen Fixation: Contributions to Agriculture
	Biological Nitrogen Fixation: Enhancement Techniques
	Biological Nitrogen Fixation: Forms and Regulating Factors
	Biota
	Biota and Disease-Suppressive Soils
	Biotechnology
	Boreal Forest
	Boron and Molybdenum
	Brick Making: Soil Degradation
	Bulk Density
	Bunch Planting: Water Conservation
	Calcification
	Calcium
	Carbon Assessment: Spectroscopic Methods
	Carbon Sequestration: Fish Ponds
	Carbon Sequestration: Geologic
	Carbon Sequestration: Iceland
	Carbon Sequestration: Nutrient Management
	Carbon Sequestration: Sediments
	Carbon Sequestration: Semiarid Regions of India
	Carbon Sequestration: Urban Ecosystems
	Carbon Sink Capacity: Soil Profile Characteristics
	Carbon: Inelastic Neutron Scattering
	Carbon: Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy
	Carbon: Physical Protection
	Carbonates
	Carbonates: Secondary and Pedogenic
	Carbonates: Water and
	Care of Soil
	Cerrado
	Chemical Composition
	Chemisorption
	Chernozems
	Chlorine
	Classification Systems
	Classification Systems: Arab Traditional, Moroccan Case
	Classification Systems: Australian and New Zealand
	Classification Systems: Brazilian
	Classification Systems: Canadian
	Classification Systems: Chinese
	Classification Systems: French
	Classification Systems: Historical Developments
	Classification Systems: Indian
	Classification Systems: Indigenous
	Classification Systems: Major
	Classification Systems: Netherlands
	Classification Systems: Russian
	Classification Systems: South African
	Clay Minerals
	Clay Minerals: Charge Properties
	Clay Minerals: Weathering and Alteration of
	Climate
	Climate Change: Gas Fluxes
	Climate Change: Soil Carbon Sequestration
	Cobalt and Iodine
	Collembola
	Color
	Compaction
	Conditioning Index
	Conservation Tillage
	Conserved Lands: Stewardship
	Consistence
	Consolidation
	Controlled Traffic
	Copper
	Cover Crops
	Crop Evapotranspiration: Measurement System
	Crop Management: Seasonally Frozen Soil
	Crop Plants: Phosphorus Availability
	Crop Residue Management
	Crop Root Response to Temperature: Temperate Zone
	Crop Rotation and Farming Systems: Temperate Zone
	Crop Rotation and Farming Systems: Tropical Smallholder Farm Systems
	Crop Rotation and Farming Systems: Tropics and Subtropics and Swelling Soils
	Crop Yield: Compaction
	Croplands
	Crops: Flooding Tolerance
	Cultivation: Raised-Bed
	Culture: Soil-less
	Cycling: Carbon and Nitrogen (C/N)
	Debris Flow
	Degradation
	Degradation: Biological
	Degradation: Chemical
	Degradation: Critical Limits and Irreversible Degradation
	Degradation: Economic Incentives and Investments
	Degradation: Farm-Level Economic Implications
	Degradation: Food Aid Needs in Low-Income Countries
	Degradation: Food Security and Poverty
	Degradation: Greenhouse Effect
	Degradation: Mapping by Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI)
	Degradation: Off-Farm Economic Implications
	Degradation: Physical
	Degradation: Quality and
	Desertification: Biological Productivity Decline
	Desertification: Extent
	Desertification: Greenhouse Effect
	Desertification: Humid Environment in Iceland
	Desertification: Impact
	Desertification: Mapping Constraints and Challenges
	Desertification: Prevention and Restoration
	Desertification: Productivity
	Desertification: Restoration
	Desertification: Reversal
	Desertization: Irreversible Extension of Desert Land
	Developing Countries: Economics of Soil Management
	Diagnostic Horizons
	Diffusivity: Measurement
	Digital Soil Mapping
	Drainage: Aeration and Trafficability
	Drainage: Anaerobiosis
	Drainage: Water Quality
	Drought: Drought Resistance
	Drought: Precipitation, Evapotranspiration, and Soil Moisture
	Earthworms
	Eco-Agriculture
	Ecology: Cycling of Carbon and Nitrogen
	Economics of Soil Management: U.S.
	Ecosystems: Life Attributes and Environment
	Enchytraeidae
	Entisols
	Environmentally Friendly Indigenous Technologies
	Enzymes
	Erosion
	Erosion Management: Hill Soils
	Erosion Tolerance
	Erosion: Aggregate Breakdown Mechanisms
	Erosion: Agronomic Practices
	Erosion: Assessment
	Erosion: Carbon Dioxide
	Erosion: Controlling Irrigation-Induced
	Erosion: Crop Yield
	Erosion: Disturbed Lands
	Erosion: Effects on Human Life
	Erosion: Fly-Ash Spheres as Time Marker
	Erosion: Global Change
	Erosion: On-Site and Off-Site Impacts
	Erosion: Overland Research and Measurement Techniques
	Erosion: Perennial Crop Plantations
	Erosion: Sedimentation Control Amendment Techniques
	Erosion: Sedimentation Control Vegetative Techniques
	Erosion: Snowmelt
	Erosion: Soil Conservation
	Erosion: Water Quality
	Erosivity and Erodibility
Volume II
	Ethics
	Eutrophication
	Evaporation
	Evolution: Soil Seed Bank
	Fauna
	Fauna and Microflora: Macrofauna
	Fertility Decline: Definitions and Assessment
	Fertility: Environmentally Compatible Management
	Fertility: Evaluation Systems
	Fertility: Low Input and Traditional Maintenance Methods
	Fertility: North China Plains
	Fertilizers: Application Methods
	Fertilizers: Leaching Losses
	Fertilizers: Mineral
	Fertilizers: Organic
	Fertilizers: Types and Formulations
	Fertilizers: Urban Waste and Sludges
	Fire and Soils
	Fluid Flow: Modeling
	Food Crops: Zinc and Iron Biofortification
	Food Security and Soil Water Management
	Food Security: Agricultural Productivity and Resources
	Food Security: Soil Degradation, Global Scale
	Food Security: Soil Degradation, Local and Eco-Regional Scale
	Forest Soils
	Forest Soils: Calcium Depletion
	Forest Soils: Major
	Forest Soils: Nutrient Cycling
	Forest Soils: Properties and Site Productivity
	Freeze and Thaw: Diurnal
	Frozen Soils: Water Relations
	Fungi
	Future of Soil Science
	Gas and Vapor Phase Transport
	Gelisols
	Geologic Carbon Capture and Storage
	Geology and Soil
	Geomorphology
	Geophysical Methods
	Geostatistics
	GIS Integration: Remote Sensing
	Global Resources
	Grass Strip Hydrology
	Grasslands Soils
	Grazing Lands: Gaseous Emissions
	Green Revolution: China North Eastern Plains
	Greenhouse Effect
	Growing Media
	Gulley Erosion
	Gypsic Soils
	Gypsic Soils: Gypsum Formation
	Hard-Setting Soils
	Health
	Heat and Water Movement
	Heat Capacity
	Heat Flux
	Heavy Metals
	History of Soil Science
	History of Soil Science: 1927–2000
	History of Soil Science: Early to Mid-20th Century
	Histosols
	Human Culture and Soils
	Human Dimensions: Soil Sustainability
	Human Health and Soil
	Human Society and Soil
	Human Society and the Planet: Soil as a Heritage
	Hydraulic Conductivity
	Hydrologic Cycle
	Hydropedology
	Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Compounds
	Hydrophobicity
	Inceptisols
	India: Problems and Potentialities
	Indigenous Soil Management
	Indo-Gangetic Plain: Agro-Ecological Regions
	Industrial Waste
	Infiltration: Management
	Infiltration: Properties
	Inorganic Carbon: Analysis
	Inorganic Carbon: Climate and Time
	Inorganic Carbon: Composition and Formation
	Inorganic Carbon: Global Carbon Cycle
	Inorganic Carbon: Global Stocks
	Inorganic Carbon: Land Use Impacts
	Inorganic Carbon: Modeling
	Insect Survival: Subzero Temperature
	Integrated Nutrient Management
	Integrated Nutrient Management: Sustainability
	International Soil Reference and Information Centre (ISRIC)
	International Union of Soil Sciences
	Ion Exchange
	Iron Oxides
	Irrigation
	Irrigation: Efficiency
	Irrigation: Erosion
	Irrigation: Historical Perspective
	Irrigation: Soil Salinity
	Jhum: Cultivation
	Jhum: Shifting Agriculture
	Land Capability Analysis
	Land Capability Classification
	Land Evaluation
	Land Forms
	Land Husbandry
	Land Restoration
	Land Use: Historic
	Land Use: Land Cover
	Land Use: Planning and Geographic Information System (GIS)
	Landfill Sites: Revegetation
	Landscape
	Landscape: Classification
	Landscape: Development and Erosion
	Landscape: Elements
	Landscape: Relationships
	Landslide and Landcreep
	Law and Legal Issues
	Law and Legal Issues: Land as Property
	Leaching and Illuviation
	Liming and Lime Materials
	Loess
	Loess Plateau
	Low-Carbon Technology: Brazilian Semiarid Ecosystems
	Lower Himalayas: Soil Management
	Macroporosity
	Magnesium
	Manganese: Brazilian Soils
	Manure Management: Gaseous Emissions
	Manure: Compost and Biosolids
	Mapping Soil Carbon
	Mapping Soil Carbon: Stocks in Turkey
	Materials and Soils
	Mediterranean Agriculture: Rainfed, Nitrogen Use Efficiency
	Metal—Clay Interactions
	Microbial Biomass: Measurement
	Microbial Communities
	Micromorphology and Soil Quality
	Micronutrients and Human Health
	Mine Soils: Measuring Geogenic Carbon
	Mine Soils: Miscanthus Platations
	Mine Soils: Open Cut Mine Rehabilitation
	Mine Soils: Reclamation and Soil Carbon Sequestration
	Minerals: Amorphous
	Minerals: Primary
	Minerals: Secondary
	Minerals: Solubility
	Minirhizotron
	Mites
	Modern Civilization and Soils
	Mulch Farming
	Mycorrhiza of Forest Ecosystems
	Mycorrhizae: Soil Quality
	Nanofertilizers
	Natural Resources: Interaction with Soil
	Nematodes
	Nematodes and Soil
	Nexus Approach: Resource Management for Soil Productivity
	Nitrate Leaching Index
	Nitrate Leaching Management
	Nitrogen and its Transformations
	Nitrogen Index
	Nitrogen-15: Utilization
	Nitrous Oxide Emissions: Agricultural Soils
	Nitrous Oxide Emissions: Paddy Soils
	Nitrous Oxide Emissions: Sources, Sinks, and Strategies
	No Till
	Nutrient Management
	Nutrient Management: Fertility and
	Nutrients: Deficiency and Toxicity Symptoms
	Nutrients: Diffusion, Bioavailability, and Plant Uptake
	Nutrients: Interactions in Soil—Plant System
	Nutrients: Water Interactions
	Organic Agriculture
	Organic Carbon: Assessment Methods
	Organic Carbon: Sequestration Concepts
	Organic Carbon: Subsoil Pools
	Organic Farming: China
	Organic Fertilization: Heavy Metal Uptake
	Organisms and Soil Food Webs
	Organo-Mineral Relationships
	Oxisols
	Pampas, The
	Pantanal, The
	Paramos Soils
	Particle Density
	Particle Packing
	Particle Shape
	Particle Size
	Peatlands
	Pedological Modeling
	Pedometrics
	Pedotransfer Functions
	Permafrost: Soil Temperature and Special Problems
	Petrocalcic Horizons
	pH
	Phosphorus
	Phosphorus: Manure and Diet Modification
	Phosphorus: Plant Nutrition and Microorganism Contribution
	Phosphorus: Spatial Speciation in Agricultural Soils
	Phytoremediation
	Plant Growth: Oxygen Diffusion Rate
	Plant Nutrients
	Plant Nutrients: Intensity, Quantity, and Buffer Power
	Plant Nutrients: Sufficiency and Requirements
	Plastic Properties
	Plinthite and Petroplinthite
	Podzols
	Polar Regions, The
	Pollution
	Pollution: Industrial Waste
	Pollution: Non-Point Source
	Pollution: Organic and Inorganic
	Pollution: Persistent Organic
	Pollution: Point Source
Volume III
	Porosity: Pore Size Distribution
	Potassium
	Potassium: Dynamics and Mineralogy
	Potassium: Nutrition in Semi-Arid Tropics
	Power Plants: Carbon Dioxide Capture
	Precision Agriculture: Engineering Aspects
	Precision Agriculture: Fertilization
	Precision Agriculture: Nutrient Cycling
	Precision Agriculture: Remote Sensing
	Productivity: Natural and Anthropogenic Disturbances
	Protection: Policy of the European Union
	Protozoa
	Pyrite
	Pyrogenic Carbon
	Quality
	Quality Index: Soil
	Quality: Assessment by Interpolation Techniques
	Quality: Carbon and Nitrogen Gases
	Quality: Critical Limits and Standardization
	Quality: Erosion
	Quality: Indicators
	Quality: Productivity
	Quality: Soil and Water
	Radiometric Survey
	Radionuclides
	Raindrop Impact and Splash Erosion
	Rapid Soil Analysis: Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy
	Rare Earth Elements
	Redox Phenomena
	Rehabilitation: Indicators and Monitoring
	Religious Aspects of Soil—Human Relationships
	Rendzina
	Resilience
	Resilience: Land Use and Soil Management
	Resilience: Quality and
	Resilience: Restoration
	Respiration
	Restoration Ecology
	Restoration: Success and Completion Criteria
	Rice Paddies: Methane Emissions
	Rice Paddies: Methane Emissions, Mitigating
	Rice Paddies: Methanogenesis
	Rice Paddies: Soil Management
	Rocks
	Root Growth: Pressure at the Soil—Root Interface
	Root Monitoring System
	Salt-Affected Soils
	Salt-Affected Soils: Nitrous Oxide Emissions
	Satellite Mapping
	Scaling Effects
	Sediment: Influence on Aquatic Life
	Sedimentation Control and Erosion: Engineering Techniques
	Seepage
	Selenium
	Serpentinitic Soils
	Sesquioxides
	Shrinkage
	Silica: Pedogenic Accumulation
	Silicon and Sodium
	Slaking, Dispersion, and Crust Formation
	Social and Behavioral Sciences’ Contribution to Soil Science
	Sodic Soils
	Sodic Soils: Formation and Global Distribution
	Sodic Soils: Humid Regions
	Sodic Soils: Irrigation Farming
	Sodic Soils: Physical Properties and Behavior
	Sodic Soils: Processes, Characteristics, and Classification
	Sodic Soils: Reclamation
	Sodicity: Subsoil
	Soil Carbon Map: Africa
	Soil Carbon Sequestration: Ethiopia
	Soil Carbon: Compositional and Isotopic Analysis
	Soil Carbon: Farming and Economic Aspects
	Soil Conservation: Incentives
	Soil Conservation: Strategies
	Soil Conservation: U.S. Historical Perspective
	Soil Degradation: Global Assessment
	Soil Enzymes
	Soil Organic Matter (SOM)
	Soil Organic Matter (SOM): Accumulation
	Soil Organic Matter (SOM): Available Water Capacity
	Soil Organic Matter (SOM): Characterization
	Soil Organic Matter (SOM): Composition and Dynamics
	Soil Organic Matter (SOM): Global Carbon Cycle
	Soil Organic Matter (SOM): Global Distribution
	Soil Organic Matter (SOM): Historical Concepts
	Soil Organic Matter (SOM): Landscape
	Soil Organic Matter (SOM): Management
	Soil Organic Matter (SOM): Mass Spectrometry Data Analysis
	Soil Organic Matter (SOM): Modeling
	Soil Organic Matter (SOM): Molecular Simulations
	Soil Organic Matter (SOM): Nutrient Dynamics
	Soil Organic Matter (SOM): Solvent-Based High Resolution Mass Spectrometry
	Soil Organic Matter (SOM): Structure and Characterization
	Soil Organic Matter (SOM): Turnover
	Soluble Salts: Translocation and Accumulation
	Solute Transport
	Spectral Mixtures: Soil—Plant
	Spodosols
	Strontium
	Structure
	Structure: Belowground Management
	Structure: Earthworms
	Structure: Pedological Concepts and Water Flow
	Structure: Plant Establishment
	Structure: Roots
	Sub-Irrigation
	Sugarcane Fields: Harvest Systems and Residue Management
	Sulfate and Sulfide Minerals
	Sulfur
	Sulfur: Chemical Behavior in the Rhizosphere
	Sulfur: Nutrition
	Surface Area: Specific
	Surface Management
	Surface Water: Nitrogen Enrichment
	Surface Water: Pollution by Nitrogen Fertilizers
	Sustainable Agriculture: Social Aspects
	Sustainable Agriculture: Soil Quality
	Sustainable Development and Sustainability
	Tailings: Minerals Processing Residue Rehabilitation
	Taxonomies: U.S. Soil Taxonomy and Indian Scenario
	Taxonomy
	Temperature Measurement
	Tepetates: Mexico
	Termites
	Terra Preta (Black Earths)
	Terra Preta de Indio
	Testing
	Texture
	Tillage Erosion: Description and Process
	Tillage Erosion: Measurement Techniques
	Tillage Erosion: Properties and Productivity Effects
	Tillage Erosion: Relationship to Water Erosion
	Tillage Erosion: Terrace Formation
	Tillage: Gas Exchange
	Tilth
	Time and Space: Soils in
	Torrential Erosion: Himalayas
	Trace Metal Contamination
	Tropics and Subtropics
	Turbations
	Turfgrass: Protection of Soil and Water
	Ultisols
	Uranium Contamination
	Urban Lands: Abandoned
	Urban Lands: and Construction Sites
	Urban Lands: Management
	Urban Wastewater for Irrigation: Heavy Metals
	Urea: Subsoiling and Controlled Release
	Value of Soil to Humans
	Variability
	Variability: Spatial
	Variable Charge Soils: Mineralogy and Chemistry
	Vertisols
	Vertisols: Surface Crack Management
	Vesicular Crusts
	Village Bamboos
	Waste Rock and Overburden Dumps: Rehabilitation
	Wastewater: Treatment and Utilization in Irrigation
	Water Conservation
	Water Content
	Water Content: Passive and Active Microwave Remote Sensing
	Water Erosion
	Water Erosion: Empirical Models
	Water Erosion: Hybrid Models
	Water Erosion: Modeling
	Water Erosion: Process-Based Modeling
	Water Infiltration
	Water Management: Computer Modeling
	Water Management: Harvesting
	Water Management: Use Efficiency
	Water Measurement: Methods
	Water Range: Least-Limiting
	Water Retention
	Water: Plant-Available
	Water-Repellent Soils
	Watershed Approach
	Watershed Management: Remote Sensing and GIS Applications
	Weathering
	Weathering: Carbon Sequestration
	Wetlands
	Wetlands: Biodiversity
	Wetlands: Carbon Sequestration
	Wetlands: Conservation Policy
	Wetlands: Economic Value
	Wetlands: Gaseous Emissions
	Wetlands: Methane Emission
	Wetlands: Sedimentation and Ecological Engineering
	Wind Erosion: Climate Change
	Wind Erosion: Control Measures
	Wind Erosion: Environmental Effects
	Wind Erosion: Field Measurement
	Wind Erosion: Global Hot Spots
	Wind Erosion: Micrometeorology
	Wind Erosion: Modeling
	Wind Erosion: Principles
	Wind Erosion: Soil Quality and Productivity
	Windblown Dust
	Wind-Driven Rain: Erosion
	World Reference Base for Soil Resources
Index