Encyclopedia of Religion in America, 4 Volume Set

Cover......Page 1
Copyright......Page 5
Contents......Page 6
Alphabetical Table of Contents......Page 8
Thematic Table of Contents......Page 12
Preface......Page 18
About the Associate Editors......Page 20
Contributors......Page 22
Abolitionism and Antislavery......Page 32
Abortion......Page 35
Adventism and Millennialism......Page 43
Adventist and Millennialist Denominational Families......Page 52
African American Religion: Colonial Era through the Civil War......Page 56
African American Religion: From the Civil War to Civil Rights......Page 64
African American Religion: Post–Civil Rights Era......Page 74
African Traditional Religions......Page 82
Amana Communities......Page 89
America, Religious Interpretations of......Page 93
American Revolution......Page 100
Anabaptist Denominational Family......Page 106
Anabaptists......Page 114
Angels......Page 120
Anglican Tradition and Heritage......Page 124
Anglicans in Colonial and Revolutionary America......Page 135
Anti-Catholicism......Page 143
Antinomian Controversy......Page 148
Anti-Semitism......Page 152
Apocalypticism......Page 158
Appalachian Mountain Religion......Page 166
Architecture......Page 173
Architecture: Asian Religions......Page 180
Architecture: Early America......Page 187
Architecture: The European Protestant Background......Page 194
Architecture: Jewish......Page 200
Architecture: Muslim......Page 206
Architecture: New Religious Movements......Page 212
Architecture: Protestant, from the Nineteenth Century to the Present......Page 217
Architecture: Roman Catholic......Page 225
Atheism, Agnosticism, and Disbelief......Page 234
Atlantic World......Page 244
Bahá’í......Page 252
Baptists: African American......Page 255
Baptists: Denominations......Page 261
Baptists: Sectarian......Page 269
Baptists: Southern......Page 277
Baptists: Tradition and Heritage......Page 285
Benevolent Empire......Page 299
Bible: As Sacred Text, Translations, Cultural Role......Page 312
Bible: Interpretation of......Page 325
Bioethics......Page 333
Book of Mormon......Page 341
Buddhism in North America......Page 344
Buddhist Tradition and Heritage......Page 352
California and the Pacific Rim Region......Page 360
Calvinist/Reformed Tradition and Heritage......Page 368
Camp Meetings......Page 378
Canada: Aboriginal Traditions......Page 384
Canada: Anglicans......Page 391
Canada: Catholics......Page 399
Canada: Church and State......Page 408
Canada: Pluralism......Page 416
Canada: Protestants and the United Church of Canada......Page 426
Caribbean Religious Culture and Influence......Page 435
Celebrity Culture......Page 442
Chabad-Lubavitch......Page 450
Charismatics/Charismatic Movements......Page 455
Children and Adolescents......Page 463
Christian Science......Page 471
Church and State: Revolutionary Period and Early Republic......Page 480
Churches of Christ......Page 491
City Missions......Page 497
Civil Religion in the United States......Page 499
Civil War......Page 506
Common Sense Realism......Page 514
Congregationalists......Page 519
Congregations......Page 527
Constitution......Page 533
Cult of Domesticity......Page 542
Death and Burial Practices......Page 548
Death of God Theology......Page 553
Deism......Page 557
Demographics......Page 562
Denominationalism......Page 572
Devotionalism......Page 582
Disciples of Christ......Page 589
Dispensationalism......Page 595
Dutch Reformed......Page 600
Eastern Orthodox Tradition and Heritage......Page 608
Eastern Orthodoxy......Page 616
Economics......Page 623
Ecumenism......Page 630
Education......Page 638
Education: Bible Schools and Colleges......Page 648
Education: Boarding Schools......Page 651
Education: Christian School Movement......Page 653
Education: Colleges and Universities......Page 658
Education: Court Cases......Page 666
Education: Home Schooling Movement......Page 674
Education: Parochial and Private Religious Day Schools......Page 677
Education: Religious Issues......Page 687
Education: Seminaries and Theological Education......Page 694
Education: Sunday Schools......Page 703
The Electronic Church......Page 708
Emerging Church Movement......Page 713
Emotion......Page 718
Enlightenment......Page 724
Environment and Ecology......Page 731
Environment and Ecology: Colonial Era through the Early Nineteenth Century......Page 741
Environment and Ecology: Current Ethical Issues......Page 747
Environment and Ecology: Native American Cultures......Page 752
Environment and Ecology: Since the Mid-Nineteenth Century......Page 757
Episcopalians: Early Republic......Page 764
Episcopalians: The Gilded Age and the Progressive Era......Page 770
Episcopalians: Twentieth and Twenty-First Centuries......Page 776
Esoteric Movements......Page 782
Establishment, Religious......Page 791
Ethnicity......Page 796
Ethnographic and Anthropological Approaches......Page 806
Evangelicals: Colonial America......Page 814
Evangelicals: Current Trends and Movements......Page 822
Evangelicals: Nineteenth Century......Page 827
Evangelicals: Twentieth Century......Page 835
Evolution, Creation Science, and Intelligent Design......Page 841
Faith-Based Community Organizations......Page 850
Faith-Based Initiatives......Page 855
Feminism......Page 858
Feminist Studies......Page 866
Film......Page 869
Folklore......Page 876
Food and Diet......Page 883
Freedom, Religious......Page 893
Frontier and Borderlands......Page 901
Fundamentalism......Page 906
Fundamentalism: Contemporary......Page 917
Gender......Page 926
Geographical Approaches......Page 934
Glossolalia......Page 941
Great Awakening(s)......Page 944
Great Lakes Region......Page 952
Great Plains Region......Page 960
Harmonialism and Metaphysical Religion......Page 968
Hasidism......Page 974
Healing......Page 979
Health, Disease, and Medicine......Page 985
Hindu Tradition and Heritage......Page 996
Hinduism in North America......Page 1004
Hispanic Influence......Page 1009
Historical Approaches......Page 1016
History of Religions, Approaches......Page 1024
Holidays......Page 1032
Holiness Denominational Family......Page 1044
Holiness Movement......Page 1052
Holocaust......Page 1058
House Church Movement......Page 1063
Idealist Philosophy......Page 1068
Immigration: From the Colonial Era to the Mid-Nineteenth Century......Page 1073
Immigration: From the Mid-Nineteenth Century to World War......Page 1081
Immigration: From World War I to the 1965 Immigration Act......Page 1089
Immigration: Since the 1965 Immigration Act......Page 1094
Independent Bible and Community Churches......Page 1099
Internet......Page 1104
Invisible Institution......Page 1112
Islam in North America......Page 1114
Islam Tradition and Heritage......Page 1122
Jainism......Page 1132
Jehovah’s Witnesses......Page 1137
Journalism......Page 1140
Judaism: Conservative......Page 1145
Judaism: Jewish Culture......Page 1151
Judaism: Jewish Identity......Page 1156
Judaism: Jewish Science......Page 1164
Judaism: Orthodox......Page 1166
Judaism: Reconstructionist......Page 1172
Judaism: Reform......Page 1175
Judaism: Sectarian Movements......Page 1181
Judaism: Secular......Page 1184
Judaism: Tradition and Heritage......Page 1189
Krishna Consciousness......Page 1200
Latino American Religion: Catholics, Colonial Origins......Page 1204
Latino American Religion: Catholics, Nineteenth Century......Page 1209
Latino American Religion: Catholics, Twentieth Century......Page 1215
Latino American Religion: Mainline Protestants......Page 1220
Latino American Religion: Pentecostals......Page 1226
Latino American Religion: Struggles for Justice......Page 1231
Latino/a Religious Practice......Page 1236
Latter-day Saints......Page 1245
Liberation Theology......Page 1252
Literature......Page 1255
Literature: African American......Page 1268
Literature: Colonial......Page 1275
Literature: Contemporary......Page 1283
Literature: Early Republic and the fiAmeican Renaissancef......Page 1291
Literature: From the Civil War to World War I......Page 1298
Liturgical Arts......Page 1305
Lived Religion......Page 1313
Lutheran Churches......Page 1320
Lutheran Tradition and Heritage......Page 1329
Mainline Protestants......Page 1340
Marriage and Family......Page 1348
Masculinity......Page 1353
Material Culture, Approaches......Page 1360
Megachurches......Page 1368
Methodists: African American......Page 1371
Methodists: Through the Nineteenth Century......Page 1377
Methodists: Since the Nineteenth Century......Page 1385
Methodists: Tradition and Heritage......Page 1393
Mexico: Colonial Era......Page 1406
Mexico: Independence to the Mexican Revolution......Page 1411
Mexico: Indigenous Religions......Page 1417
Mexico: Protestants......Page 1424
Mexico: Twentieth Century......Page 1429
Ministry, Professional......Page 1435
Missions: Domestic......Page 1442
Missions: Foreign......Page 1448
Missions: Native American......Page 1452
Moravians......Page 1458
Mountain West and Prairie Region......Page 1463
Music: African American......Page 1471
Music: African American Gospel......Page 1475
Music: African American Spirituals......Page 1479
Music: Appalachian Religious......Page 1483
Music: Christian......Page 1489
Music: Contemporary Christian......Page 1497
Music: Coritos/ Spanish-Language......Page 1502
Music: Hymnody......Page 1504
Music: Jewish......Page 1512
Music: Roman Catholic......Page 1517
Music: White Gospel......Page 1522
Muslim Worship......Page 1527
Nation(s) of Islam......Page 1528
Native American Religions......Page 1532
Native American Religions: Pre-Contact......Page 1545
Native American Religions: Post-Contact......Page 1550
Native American Religions: Contemporary......Page 1555
Nature and Nature Religion......Page 1558
Neo-Orthodoxy......Page 1564
Neo-Paganism......Page 1569
Neo-Thomism......Page 1572
New Age Religion(s)......Page 1575
New England Region......Page 1582
New Religious Movements......Page 1592
New Religious Movements: Black Nationalist Movements......Page 1602
New Religious Movements: Nineteenth Century......Page 1607
New Religious Movements: Twentieth Century......Page 1615
Occult and Metaphysical Religion......Page 1624
Oneida Community......Page 1629
Ordination of Women......Page 1631
Pacific Northwest Region......Page 1632
Pacifism and Conscientious Objection......Page 1640
Pentecostal Denominational Family......Page 1646
Pentecostals......Page 1654
Pentecostals: African American......Page 1664
Philanthropy......Page 1669
Philosophical Theology......Page 1677
Philosophy......Page 1680
Pietism......Page 1687
Pilgrims......Page 1693
Pledge of Allegiance......Page 1698
Pluralism......Page 1701
Politics: Colonial Era......Page 1705
Politics: Nineteenth Century......Page 1713
Politics: Twentieth Century......Page 1721
Polity......Page 1729
Popular Religion and Popular Culture......Page 1732
Popular Religion and Popular Culture: From the Colonial Era to the Civil War......Page 1742
Popular Religion and Popular Culture: From the Civil War to the Mid-Twentieth Century......Page 1748
Popular Religion and Popular Culture: Since the Mid-Twentieth Century......Page 1754
Populism......Page 1759
Positive Thinking......Page 1765
Postmodernism......Page 1768
Practical Theology......Page 1770
Pragmatism......Page 1774
Preaching......Page 1779
Presbyterians: Colonial......Page 1784
Presbyterians: Nineteenth Century......Page 1790
Presbyterians: Since the Nineteenth Century......Page 1799
Progressivism......Page 1806
Prohibition......Page 1811
Protestant Liberalism......Page 1813
Protestant Women......Page 1821
Psychology of Religion......Page 1822
Puritans......Page 1824
Quakers: Through the Nineteenth Century......Page 1838
Quakers: Since the Nineteenth Century......Page 1846
Qur’an......Page 1851
Race and Racism......Page 1856
Radio......Page 1864
Reformed Denominational Family......Page 1869
Religion, Regulation of......Page 1875
Religious Prejudice......Page 1882
Religious Prejudice: Anti-Cult......Page 1888
Religious Press......Page 1891
Religious Right......Page 1898
Religious Studies......Page 1906
Religious Thought......Page 1911
Religious Thought: African American......Page 1923
Religious Thought: Feminist......Page 1930
Religious Thought: Gay Theology......Page 1939
Religious Thought: Jewish......Page 1941
Religious Thought: Latino/a......Page 1944
Religious Thought: Lesbian Theology......Page 1949
Religious Thought: Mujerista......Page 1952
Religious Thought: Reformed Protestant......Page 1955
Religious Thought: Roman Catholic......Page 1961
Religious Thought: Womanist......Page 1966
Revivalism: Nineteenth Century......Page 1970
Revivalism: Twentieth Century to the Present......Page 1977
Roman Catholicism: African American Catholics......Page 1985
Roman Catholicism: Catholics in the Atlantic Colonies......Page 1991
Roman Catholicism: Catholics in the New Nation and the Early Republic......Page 1994
Roman Catholicism: The Impact of Immigration in the Nineteenth Century......Page 1999
Roman Catholicism: The Age of the Catholic Ghetto......Page 2007
Roman Catholicism: The Cold War and Vatican II......Page 2015
Roman Catholicism: The Later Twentieth Century......Page 2019
Roman Catholicism: Early Twenty-First-Century Issues......Page 2024
Roman Catholicism: Cultural Impact......Page 2027
Roman Catholicism: French Influence......Page 2035
Roman Catholicism: Tradition and Heritage......Page 2039
Romanticism......Page 2050
Same-Gender Marriage......Page 2058
Santería......Page 2062
Science......Page 2065
Scientology......Page 2078
Scriptures: American Texts......Page 2083
Seeker Churches......Page 2088
Serpent Handlers......Page 2091
Settlement Houses......Page 2093
Seventh-day Adventists......Page 2096
Sexuality and Sexual Identity......Page 2099
Shakers......Page 2107
Sikhs......Page 2111
Social Ethics......Page 2117
Social Gospel......Page 2120
Social Reform......Page 2127
Sociological Approaches......Page 2140
The South as Region......Page 2148
The Southwest as Region......Page 2156
Spiritualism......Page 2164
Spirituality......Page 2170
Spirituality: Contemporary Trends......Page 2177
Sport(s)......Page 2184
Stone-Campbell Movement......Page 2192
Suburbanization......Page 2197
Sunday and the Sabbath......Page 2200
Supreme Court......Page 2206
Systematic Theology......Page 2213
Television......Page 2218
Theocracy......Page 2222
Torah......Page 2225
Tourism and Pilgrimage......Page 2228
Transcendentalism......Page 2236
Transcendental Meditation......Page 2242
Unaffiliated......Page 2246
Unification Church......Page 2251
Unitarians......Page 2253
Unitarian Universalist Association......Page 2259
Universalists......Page 2262
Utopian and Communitarian Experiments......Page 2265
Violence and Terror......Page 2276
Visual Culture......Page 2286
Visual Culture: Painting, Sculpture, and Graphic Arts in Early America......Page 2296
Visual Culture: Painting, Sculpture, and Graphic Arts from the Revolution to the Civil War......Page 2303
Visual Culture: Painting, Sculpture, and Graphic Arts from the Civil War to World War II......Page 2309
Visual Culture: Painting, Sculpture, and Graphic Arts since World War II......Page 2317
Voodoo......Page 2322
Wicca and Witchcraft......Page 2326
Women......Page 2331
Women Religious......Page 2344
Women: Evangelical......Page 2353
Women: Jewish......Page 2359
Women: Muslim......Page 2364
Women: Ordination of......Page 2369
Women: Protestant......Page 2375
Women: Roman Catholic......Page 2380
World War I......Page 2385
World War II......Page 2388
Worship: Anglican......Page 2391
Worship: Contemporary Currents......Page 2394
Worship: Eastern Orthodox......Page 2399
Worship: Jewish......Page 2402
Worship: Muslim......Page 2407
Worship: Protestant......Page 2412
Worship: Roman Catholic......Page 2420
Zen Buddhism......Page 2430
Zionism......Page 2433
Image Credits......Page 2438
Index......Page 2440