Encyclopedia of Library and Information Science, First Update Supplement, Second Edition

0849338948......Page 1
dk8948fm......Page 2
ENCYCLOPEDIA OF LIBRARY AND INFORMATION SCIENCE, SECOND EDITION......Page 3
Contributors......Page 7
Contents......Page 9
Preface......Page 11
HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF CANADIAN UNIVERSITIES AND COLLEGES—THE FIRST LIBRARIES......Page 12
Table of Contents......Page 0
THE POLITICAL CONTEXT OF CANADIAN ACADEMIC LIBRARIES......Page 13
THE EVOLUTION OF CANADIAN ACADEMIC LIBRARIES......Page 15
INFORMATION RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT IN CANADIAN ACADEMIC LIBRARIES......Page 17
LIBRARIAN RECRUITMENT IN CANADIAN ACADEMIC LIBRARIES......Page 18
COPYRIGHT AND CANADIAN ACADEMIC LIBRARIES......Page 19
CONCLUSION......Page 20
REFERENCES......Page 21
WHAT IS EASTERN EUROPE?......Page 22
Administration of libraries......Page 23
Political, Economic, Social, and Technological Context......Page 24
Influences of Higher Education on Academic Libraries......Page 25
Library automation......Page 26
Cooperation and networking......Page 27
Licensing consortia......Page 28
THE ACADEMIC LIBRARY IN THE 21ST CENTURY......Page 29
CONCLUSION......Page 30
REFERENCES......Page 31
Internal Organization and Staff......Page 33
Related Institutions and Associations......Page 34
CURRENT CONDITIONS......Page 35
Library Staff......Page 36
Cataloging Processes......Page 37
Cataloging Electronic Resources......Page 38
LIBRARY SYSTEMS......Page 39
Japanese Language Processing......Page 41
COOPERATIVE ACTIVITIES......Page 42
DIGITIZATION PROJECTS......Page 43
REFERENCES......Page 44
OVERVIEW......Page 46
NEUTRALIZATION/ALKALIZATION/ DEACIDIFICATION......Page 47
DUPLICATING AND REFORMATTING......Page 48
PREFILMING PREPARATION......Page 49
FILMING PHASE......Page 50
POSTFILMING......Page 51
DIGITIZATION AS A PRESERVATION STRATEGY......Page 53
PRESERVATION OF DIGITIZATION INFORMATION: PRESERVING THE WEB......Page 54
BIBLIOGRAPHY......Page 55
AFRICAN AMERICAN STUDIES COLLECTIONS AND ELECTRONIC RESOURCES: A BRIEF HISTORY......Page 56
Biographies and Bio-bibliographies......Page 57
Encyclopedias and Guides......Page 59
Data Sets......Page 60
Library of Congress and National Archives......Page 61
AFRICAN AMERICAN JOURNAL LITERATURE: ACCESS THROUGH INDEXING......Page 62
REFERENCES......Page 63
The First Library Collections......Page 64
Museums as Partners in Anthropology Education......Page 65
Tozzer Library (Library of the Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology; Cambridge, MA)......Page 66
The John Wesley Powell Library of Anthropology at the Smithsonian Institution (Washington, DC)......Page 67
The Library of the Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum (Honolulu)......Page 68
The Braun Research Library, Southwest Museum (Los Angeles)......Page 69
Anthropology Library of the British Museum Centre for Anthropology (London)......Page 70
Canada and Mexico......Page 71
ANTHROPOLOGY LIBRARIES ESTABLISHED AFTER WORLD WAR II......Page 72
Challenges for the 21st Century......Page 73
REFERENCES......Page 74
THE MAJOR PRESENT TRENDS MARKING PUBLISHING......Page 75
PRESENT PROBLEMS......Page 80
THE FUTURE......Page 82
REFERENCES......Page 83
STRATEGY AND USER COMMUNITIES......Page 84
COLLECTIONS AND SERVICES......Page 86
Operations and Services......Page 90
REFERENCES......Page 91
Scholarship......Page 92
GOVERNANCE......Page 93
Government Policies and Legislation Committee......Page 94
OFFICIAL STATUS......Page 95
REPRESENTATION ON EXTERNAL COMMITTEES......Page 96
Occasional Publications......Page 97
FURTHER READING......Page 98
External Recognition......Page 99
CENDI Formed......Page 100
CENDI’s Vision and Mission......Page 101
Principals and Alternates......Page 102
Working Groups and Project/Task Teams......Page 103
Products and Services......Page 104
CONCLUSION......Page 106
REFERENCES......Page 107
National Consortia......Page 108
THE INTERNATIONAL COALITION OF LIBRARY CONSORTIA......Page 109
Support: Individuals and Institutions Benefit in Facing Common Situations......Page 110
Providing: Coordination of Supply and Delivery......Page 111
FURTHER READING......Page 112
Modernizing Copyright Law......Page 113
COMPREHENSIVE SERVICES FOR USERS AND COPYRIGHT HOLDERS......Page 114
Educating Users and Copyright Holders......Page 115
BIBLIOGRAPHY......Page 116
The Importance of Cross-Publisher Linking......Page 117
THE DIGITAL OBJECT IDENTIFIER......Page 118
HOW CROSSREF WORKS......Page 119
Impact on Publishers......Page 120
Impact on Libraries......Page 121
Impact on Researchers......Page 122
BEYOND CITATION LINKING......Page 123
REFERENCES......Page 124
OVERVIEW......Page 125
DOI METADATA......Page 127
DOI RESOLUTION......Page 128
DOI POLICIES......Page 131
Implications of DOI Policy......Page 132
Standards Bodies......Page 133
Uniform Resource Identifier/Uniform Resource Name (URI/URN)......Page 134
REFERENCES......Page 135
CURRENT ISSUES IN DIGITAL REFERENCE......Page 137
LARGE-SCALE DIGITAL REFERENCE PROJECTS......Page 138
REFERENCES......Page 139
SUBJECT KNOWLEDGE IN INFORMATION WORK......Page 140
Ontological, Epistemological, and Sociological Dimensions......Page 142
APPROACHES TO DOMAIN ANALYSIS......Page 143
PRAGMATIC REALISM......Page 144
REFERENCES......Page 146
THE BASICS OF RECORDS MANAGEMENT......Page 147
THE RISE OF ELECTRONIC RECORDS......Page 148
Tools of the Electronic Records Manager......Page 149
E-mail......Page 151
New Forms of Electronic Records......Page 152
ACCESS......Page 153
REFERENCES......Page 154
AN APPRECIATION OF NATURE......Page 155
THE NEED FOR CONSERVATION......Page 156
ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY......Page 157
MANAGING THE INFORMATION BASE......Page 161
Library Organizations......Page 163
ADDITIONAL READING......Page 164
THE CONCEPT OF ELIS......Page 166
EVERYDAY INFORMATION NEEDS AND THE USE OF INFORMATION SOURCES IN THE CONTEXT OF ELIS......Page 167
The Sense-Making Approach (Dervin)......Page 168
ELIS in the Context of Small World (Chatman)......Page 169
The Ecological Model of ELIS (Williamson)......Page 170
Information Practices (McKenzie)......Page 171
REFERENCES......Page 172
TYPES OF FIREWALLS......Page 175
ENTERPRISE FIREWALLS......Page 176
DESKTOP FIREWALLS......Page 177
NETWORK ADDRESS TRANSLATION......Page 178
TESTING YOUR FIREWALL......Page 179
CONCLUSION......Page 180
REFERENCES......Page 181
NONPROFITS ON THE WEB: THE AUDIENCE......Page 182
ON-LINE EVENTS: LOTTERIES AND AUCTIONS......Page 183
BUILDING RELATIONSHIPS ON THE INTERNET......Page 184
APPLICATION SERVICE PROVIDING AND OUTSOURCING......Page 185
REFERENCES......Page 186
FURTHER READING......Page 187
INTRODUCTION......Page 188
The Position of the Academic Library in the German Library Landscape......Page 189
Collection Development......Page 194
In-house use and lending......Page 196
Hybrid libraries......Page 198
Information literacy......Page 201
Library staff......Page 202
Management and marketing......Page 203
Library Buildings......Page 204
International Cooperation......Page 207
REFERENCES......Page 209
HISTORY......Page 212
MUSEUM PROGRAMS......Page 213
SCHOLARLY PROGRAMS......Page 215
CONFERENCES AND PUBLICATIONS......Page 216
EDUCATION PROGRAMS......Page 217
CONCLUSION......Page 219
SOURCES......Page 220
EARLY TRENDS......Page 221
SPECIALIZED SERVICES......Page 222
PHYSICAL LAYOUT AND DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS......Page 223
ORGANIZATIONAL ISSUES......Page 224
USE ISSUES......Page 225
BENEFITS......Page 226
FURTHER READINGS......Page 227
OVERVIEW......Page 228
REFERENCE AND SPECIAL LIBRARIANSHIP......Page 229
INFORMATION ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND FREELANCE LIBRARIANSHIP......Page 230
THEORETICAL BACKGROUND OF INFORMATION COUNSELING......Page 231
The Cognitive–Affective Paradigm......Page 232
The Communication-Cybernetic Paradigm......Page 234
EDUCATION IN INFORMATION COUNSELING......Page 235
REFERENCES......Page 236
THE SIMON–YULE MODEL AND ITS EXTENSIONS......Page 239
IMPLICATIONS OF THE SIMON–YULE MODEL FOR STRATEGIC GROWTH OF FIRMS......Page 240
The Simon–Yule Model in the Empowerment and Collaboration Phase......Page 241
The Simon–Yule Model in the High Business Value Creation and Implementation Phase......Page 242
Empowerment and Collaboration Phase in Franchising......Page 243
High Business Value Creation and Implementation Phase in Franchising......Page 244
REFERENCES......Page 245
Knowledge Management Movement......Page 248
Maturing Digital Asset Management (DAM) Technology......Page 249
Institutional Stewardship and the Culture of Sharing......Page 250
The Open Archival Information System (OAIS) Reference Model......Page 251
The Open Access Movement and the Open Archive Initiative......Page 252
Technology Platform......Page 253
Service Model......Page 255
Collection and Information Policy......Page 256
CONCLUSION: ADMINISTRATION AND COST......Page 257
REFERENCES......Page 258
BACKGROUND......Page 260
COMPONENTS OF THE INTEGRATED LIBRARY SYSTEMS......Page 261
NEW MODULES......Page 269
OTHER SERVICES......Page 270
REFERENCES......Page 271
INTERNET CONNECTIVITY IN PUBLIC LIBRARIES......Page 272
Expanded Services......Page 273
CONSUMER TESTING OF LIBRARY AND INTERNET SERVICES......Page 275
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS......Page 280
REFERENCES......Page 281
SuperJANET......Page 282
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMS......Page 283
Exchange for Learning (X4L) Program (End Date: December 31, 2005)......Page 284
Service Provider Development Program (End Date: July 31, 2005)......Page 285
REFERENCE......Page 286
Genesis at the Mellon Foundation......Page 287
The Importance of Mission for Not-for-Profits......Page 288
Flexibility......Page 289
UNEXPECTED OUTCOMES......Page 290
ARCHIVING DEVELOPMENTS......Page 291
THOUGHTS FOR THE FUTURE......Page 292
REFERENCES......Page 293
FIRST LIBRARIES......Page 294
PUBLIC, ACADEMIC, AND SPECIAL LIBRARIES......Page 295
PRESENT TIME......Page 296
REFERENCES......Page 298
CONTEMPORARY LIBRARY SYSTEM IN UKRAINE......Page 299
The State Library of Ukraine for Children......Page 301
The Maksymovych Scientific Library of the National Shevchenko University......Page 302
The Scientific Agricultural Library of the National Agricultural University......Page 303
REFERENCES......Page 304
REGIONAL ACCREDITATION ASSOCIATION STANDARDS......Page 306
College Library Standards......Page 307
Two-Year Library Standards......Page 310
University Library Standards......Page 312
REFERENCES......Page 314
PROFESSIONAL AND MEMBERSHIP RECRUITMENT......Page 317
PROGRAMS AND SERVICES......Page 318
Specialist Credentials......Page 319
Awards......Page 320
Research......Page 321
Publications......Page 322
OTHER FUTURE CHALLENGES......Page 323
FURTHER READING......Page 324
THE LIBRARY AT THE ROYAL PALACE TRE KRONOR......Page 325
THE MOVE TO HUMLEGARDEN......Page 327
THE ROYAL LIBRARY AS SWEDEN’S NATIONAL LIBRARY......Page 328
1952—THE BEGINNING OF A NEW ERA......Page 329
CHANGES IN THE 1970s......Page 330
FROM 1977 TO 1996......Page 331
FURTHER READING......Page 333
THE MIDDLE AGES......Page 334
COUNTER-REFORMATION......Page 335
ENLIGHTENMENT......Page 336
PERIOD OF PARTITIONS (1795–1918) AND FOREIGN DOMINATION......Page 337
THE INDEPENDENCE (1918–1939)......Page 340
THE SOCIALIST/COMMUNIST ERA 1945–1989......Page 341
CONCLUSION......Page 344
SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY......Page 345
PUBLIC ACCESS COMPUTING AND PUBLIC LIBRARIES......Page 346
THE U.S. LIBRARY PROGRAM......Page 347
Components......Page 348
EVALUATION AND IMPACT......Page 349
Sustaining Public Access Computing......Page 350
REFERENCES......Page 351
HISTORY AND FOUNDING......Page 352
BENEFACTORS......Page 354
Branch Libraries......Page 355
Services for Adults......Page 356
On-line Services......Page 357
CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE......Page 358
Quality......Page 359
RECENT AWARDS......Page 360
FURTHER READING......Page 361
LINKING BEFORE SFX......Page 362
SFX—MAKING A DIFFERENCE......Page 363
LINKING LOCALIZATION......Page 364
MORE THAN JUST A LINK SERVER......Page 365
SFX for Users......Page 366
CONCLUSION......Page 367
REFERENCES......Page 368
DEFINITIONS......Page 369
BUSINESS LIS......Page 370
CORPORATE LIS......Page 371
MEDICAL AND PHARMACEUTICAL SPECIAL LIBRARIES......Page 372
SPECIAL LIBRARIES HIDDEN COMMUNITIES......Page 373
REFERENCES......Page 374
DEFINITIONS AND EXAMPLES OF STUDENT OUTCOME ASSESSMENT......Page 375
Continuing Assessment Processes......Page 378
CONCLUSION......Page 379
REFERENCES......Page 380
From Print to On-Line......Page 381
Industry Consolidation......Page 382
Integrated Workflow Tools......Page 383
Specialty-focused tools......Page 384
CONCLUSION......Page 385
REFERENCES......Page 386
HISTORY......Page 387
ARCHITECTURE......Page 388
COLLECTION DEVELOPMENT......Page 389
CONSTANTLY MUTATING PURPOSE......Page 390
CURRENT UNDERGRADUATE LIBRARIES......Page 391
REFERENCES......Page 392
FURTHER READINGS......Page 393
CHARACTER SETS BEFORE UNICODE......Page 394
UNICODE......Page 395
Design Principles......Page 396
Basic Multilingual Plane......Page 397
Character Encoding Forms......Page 398
UNICODE AND LIBRARIES......Page 399
Library Systems......Page 401
REFERENCES......Page 402
THE TECHNOLOGY OF VIDEO ON DEMAND......Page 404
VIDEO ENCODING......Page 405
STORAGE, TRANSPORT, AND DELIVERY......Page 406
Indexing......Page 407
Accessibility......Page 409
DIGITAL PRESERVATION......Page 410
PROMISING PROJECTS AND COLLABORATIONS......Page 411
REFERENCES......Page 412
THE VIRTUAL LIBRARY: CRITICAL ELEMENT IN TODAY’S DISTANCE LEARNING......Page 415
A TYPICAL VIRTUAL LIBRARY......Page 417
REFERENCES......Page 418
Print indexes......Page 420
Catalyst Resources for Women (CRFW) Database......Page 421
Indexes for Gay/Lesbian/Bisexual/ Transgender Studies (GLBT)......Page 422
Past Masters: Women Writers Collection......Page 423
North American Women’s Letters and Diaries: Colonial to 1950......Page 424
Women and Social Movements in the U.S., 1600–2000......Page 425
WSSLINKS: Women and Gender Studies Web Sites......Page 426
Statistical Portals......Page 427
CONCLUSION......Page 428
REFERENCES......Page 429