Encyclopedia of Interpersonal Violence (Two Volume Set)

Cover Page......Page 1
Editorial Board......Page 3
Title Page......Page 4
ISBN 1412918006......Page 5
Contents......Page 6
List of Entries......Page 7
Children and Youth......Page 15
Civil and Criminal Legal Systems......Page 16
Intervention and Prevention Programs......Page 17
Organizations and Agencies......Page 18
Research Methods and Data Collection Instruments......Page 19
Syndromes, Disorders, and Other Mental Health Issues......Page 20
Violence Between Intimates/ Family Violence......Page 21
About the General Editors......Page 22
Contributors......Page 24
Introduction......Page 32
ABANDONMENT......Page 34
Present-Day Advocates......Page 35
Abuse-Focused Therapeutic Interventions......Page 36
ACADEMY ON VIOLENCE AND ABUSE......Page 37
ACID ATTACKS......Page 38
Practice of Acrotomophilia......Page 39
ADOPTION AND SAFE FAMILIES ACT OF 1997......Page 40
ADULT PROTECTIVE SERVICES......Page 41
Types of Effects of Childhood Abuse......Page 43
Treatment......Page 44
Goals of Advocacy......Page 45
Core Values of Advocacy......Page 46
Culturally Competent Advocacy......Page 47
Implications for Advocacy and Practice......Page 48
AIDS/HIV......Page 49
Government Response to the Problem......Page 50
Sexual Aggression......Page 51
Experimental Studies of the Alcohol–Violence Link......Page 52
ALCOHOLICS ANONYMOUS......Page 53
The Impact of Dementia and Alzheimer’s on Cases of Abuse......Page 54
Victim Advocacy Services......Page 55
Historical Background......Page 56
AMERICAN PROFESSIONAL SOCIETY ON THE ABUSE OF CHILDREN......Page 57
ANGER MANAGEMENT......Page 58
Scholarly Study and Research Evidence......Page 59
ANIMAL/PET ABUSE......Page 60
ANTI-ABORTION VIOLENCE......Page 61
ANTI-RAPE AND RAPE CRISIS CENTER MOVEMENTS......Page 62
History......Page 63
Risk Factors and Correlates......Page 64
ASIAN & PACIFIC ISLANDER INSTITUTE ON DOMESTIC VIOLENCE......Page 65
ASIAN/PACIFIC ISLANDER YOUTH VIOLENCE PREVENTION CENTER......Page 66
ASSAULT......Page 67
Consequences......Page 68
ASSAULT, AGGRAVATED......Page 69
ASSAULT, SIMPLE......Page 70
ASSISTED SUICIDE......Page 71
ASSOCIATION FOR THE TREATMENT OF SEXUAL ABUSERS......Page 72
ATHLETES/ATHLETICS......Page 73
Race, Gender, and Socioeconomic Factors......Page 74
ATHLETES/ATHLETICS AND SEXUAL VIOLENCE......Page 75
ATHLETES/ATHLETICS AND VIOLENCE IN SPORT......Page 76
Athletes and Violence Against Women......Page 77
Theories of Violence and Sport......Page 78
Reactive Attachment Disorder: Diagnostic Criteria......Page 79
Best Practices for Assessment and Treatment......Page 80
BATTERED CHILD SYNDROME......Page 82
BATTERED WOMAN SYNDROME......Page 83
Historical Perspectives......Page 84
Causes of Battering......Page 85
The Children of Battered Women......Page 86
BATTERED WOMEN, ECONOMIC INDEPENDENCE OF......Page 87
Employment......Page 88
BATTERED WOMEN: LEAVING VIOLENT INTIMATE RELATIONSHIPS......Page 89
Definitions......Page 91
Prevalence Studies of IPV......Page 92
DOMESTIC VIOLENCE BATTERED WOMEN’S JUSTICE PROJECT......Page 93
BATTERED WOMEN’S MOVEMENT......Page 94
How Widespread Is Battering?......Page 96
Do Batterers Differ From Nonbatterers?......Page 97
Do Batterers Differ From One Another?......Page 98
BATTERERS, FACTORS SUPPORTING MALE AGGRESSION......Page 99
Community and Societal Factors......Page 100
Personality Clusters and Groups......Page 101
Controversy......Page 102
BATTERERS, TREATMENT APPROACHES AND EFFECTIVENESS......Page 103
Process, Instrumental, and Outcome Goals......Page 104
Complicating Factors......Page 105
Effectiveness Studies......Page 106
BESTIALITY......Page 109
Child Abuse and Betrayal Trauma......Page 110
BIOCHEMICAL FACTORS IN PREDICTING VIOLENCE......Page 111
Neurotransmitters......Page 112
Hormones......Page 113
Complex Posttraumatic Stress Disorder......Page 114
BULLYING......Page 115
Psychological Characteristics of the Bullies......Page 116
Peer Responses to Bullying......Page 117
The Campus Environment and Interpersonal Violence......Page 118
Federal Law......Page 119
CANADIAN NATIONAL SURVEY......Page 120
Advantages and Disadvantages......Page 121
Special Offender Populations and Capital Punishment......Page 122
The Future of Capital Punishment......Page 123
Risk Factors for People Who Utilize Caregiver Services......Page 124
CASTRATION......Page 125
CENTERS FOR DISEASE CONTROL AND PREVENTION......Page 126
CHILD ABDUCTIONS, FAMILY......Page 127
CHILD ABDUCTIONS, NONFAMILY......Page 128
CHILD ABUSE IN IMMIGRANT FAMILIES......Page 129
Evolution of Prevention Services......Page 130
Research Implications......Page 131
CHILD ABUSE PREVENTION AND TREATMENT ACT......Page 132
Childhood and Adolescent Psychiatric Disorders Associated With Violence......Page 133
Background......Page 134
Future Considerations......Page 135
CHILD EXPOSURE TO DOMESTIC VIOLENCE SCALE......Page 136
Research on Intimate Partner Violence Exposure......Page 137
Risk Factors in Children’s Lives......Page 138
Child Exposure to Media......Page 139
The Risks of Exposure to Violent Content......Page 140
CHILD EXPOSURE TO VIOLENCE, ROLE OF SCHOOLS......Page 141
CHILD FATALITIES......Page 142
Child Death Review Teams......Page 143
Definition......Page 144
Prevention and Treatment......Page 145
CHILD PHYSICAL ABUSE......Page 146
Subtypes......Page 147
Treatment for Physical Abuse......Page 148
The Role of Child Protective Services......Page 150
Challenges to the Child Protective Services System......Page 151
Dynamics Surrounding Child and Adolescent Killings......Page 152
CHILDREN MISSING INVOLUNTARILY OR FOR BENIGN REASONS......Page 153
CHILDREN’S ADVOCACY CENTER......Page 154
Types of Abuse......Page 155
Resilience of Children......Page 156
Holding Perpetrators Solely Responsible......Page 157
CHILD SEXUAL ABUSE ACCOMMODATION SYNDROME......Page 158
CHISWICK WOMEN’S AID......Page 159
Civil Rights Remedy in the Violence Against Women Act and United States v. Morrison......Page 160
Civil Rights Statutes Protecting Victims’ Rights in Employment and Housing......Page 161
CLERGY SEXUAL ABUSE......Page 162
CLOTHESLINE PROJECT......Page 164
COERCED SEXUAL INITIATION......Page 165
COERCIVE CONTROL......Page 166
Benefits of Collaborative Divorce......Page 167
COLLECTIVE EFFICACY......Page 168
COMMERCIAL SEXUAL EXPLOITATION OF CHILDREN......Page 169
Child Pornography......Page 170
COMMON COUPLE VIOLENCE See SITUATIONAL COUPLE VIOLENCE COMMUNITY JUSTICE......Page 171
Comparison of Traditional and Community Policing Strategies......Page 172
Community Policing Strategies for Intimate Partner Violence......Page 173
COMMUNITY VIOLENCE......Page 174
Effects......Page 175
Moderators......Page 176
COMMUNITY VIOLENCE, RELATIONSHIP TO PARTNER VIOLENCE......Page 177
Definitions......Page 178
Treatment......Page 179
CONFLICT TACTICS SCALES......Page 180
CONTRACT KILLINGS......Page 181
COORDINATED COMMUNITY RESPONSE......Page 182
Victims of Corporate Violence......Page 183
Differences Between Corporate Violence and Interpersonal Violence......Page 184
Why Couple Counseling?......Page 185
Common Beliefs About Couple Counseling......Page 186
COURT-APPOINTED SPECIAL ADVOCATES......Page 187
CRIME VICTIMS COMPENSATION PROGRAM......Page 188
CULTURAL COMPETENCE......Page 189
Culturally Competent Agencies......Page 190
CULTURAL DEFENSE......Page 191
State Program Standards......Page 192
CULTURAL RETALIATORY HOMICIDE......Page 193
Domestic Violence Ramifications......Page 194
New Proposed Child Custody Standard......Page 195
Reasons for Cyberstalking......Page 196
Survival in Cyberspace......Page 197
Acute Battering Incident......Page 198
Critiques......Page 199
Revision......Page 200
Validation of Revised 20-Item DA......Page 201
DATE AND ACQUAINTANCE RAPE......Page 202
Barriers......Page 204
DEATH PENALTY See CAPITAL PUNISHMENT DECRIMINALIZATION OF SEX WORK......Page 205
Advocates for the Cause......Page 206
Risk Factors......Page 207
Prevention and Intervention......Page 208
The Extent of Violent Delinquency in the United States......Page 209
Explanations for Violent Delinquency......Page 210
Public Policy Responses......Page 211
Affirmative Process......Page 212
DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY, RESPONSE TO BATTERED IMMIGRANTS AND IMMIGRANT VICTIMS OF VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN......Page 213
Self-Petitions Under the Violence Against Women Act......Page 214
DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY AND IMMIGRATION SERVICES......Page 215
DEPRESSION......Page 216
DEVELOPMENTALLY DISABLED SEX OFFENDERS......Page 217
DIMINISHED CAPACITY DEFENSES See INSANITY DEFENSE DISABILITY AND PORNOGRAPHY......Page 218
DISSOCIATION......Page 219
Barriers to Leaving a Violent Relationship......Page 220
Cultural Influences......Page 221
The Children as Victims......Page 222
DIVORCE IN RELATION TO YOUTH VIOLENCE......Page 223
Domestic Violence, Lifetime Victimization, and Mental Illness......Page 224
Implications of Trauma Theory for Working With Survivors of Domestic Violence......Page 225
DOMESTIC VIOLENCE AGAINST OLDER WOMEN......Page 226
Language Barriers......Page 227
DOMESTIC VIOLENCE COURTS......Page 228
History......Page 230
Current and Future Directions......Page 231
DOMESTIC VIOLENCE IN ASIAN AND PACIFIC ISLANDER POPULATIONS......Page 232
DOMESTIC VIOLENCE IN MILITARY FAMILIES......Page 233
Policy and Program Development......Page 234
DOMESTIC VIOLENCE MOVEMENT See BATTERED WOMEN’S MOVEMENT DOMESTIC VIOLENCE RESOURCE NETWORK......Page 235
Prevention......Page 237
DUAL ARREST......Page 238
DULUTH MODEL......Page 239
Head Start......Page 242
EARLY WARNING SIGNS OF INTIMATE PARTNER VIOLENCE......Page 243
Defining an Ecological Schema......Page 245
Example of Ecological Effects on Children Exposed to Family Violence......Page 246
Testing Ecological Models in Research......Page 247
Nature and Scope of the Problem......Page 248
Problem Response......Page 249
EMERGE......Page 250
EPIDEMIOLOGY, DEFINED......Page 251
EPIDEMIOLOGY, INTERNATIONAL PATTERNS......Page 252
Official Police Data......Page 253
Interpersonal Violence Data......Page 254
EPIDEMIOLOGY, PERPETRATION PATTERNS BY AGE, GENDER, ETHNICITY, SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS......Page 255
Forcible Rape......Page 256
Elder Abuse......Page 257
Rape/Sexual Assault......Page 258
Child Maltreatment......Page 259
Professional Ethics......Page 260
Child Advocacy Centers......Page 261
Victim’s Right to Self-Determination Versus Protection and Safety......Page 262
ETHNIC CLEANSING See CULTURAL RETALIATORY HOMICIDE; GENOCIDE EXPERT TESTIMONY......Page 263
EXPRESSIVE VIOLENCE......Page 264
FAILURE TO PROTECT......Page 266
Contributors......Page 267
FAITH-BASED PROGRAMS......Page 268
FALSE MEMORY......Page 269
FAMILICIDE......Page 270
FAMILY GROUP CONFERENCING......Page 271
FAMILY JUSTICE CENTERS......Page 272
Social Services Provided......Page 273
Debate About Family Preservation Programs......Page 274
Third Moment......Page 275
Common Risk and Protective Factors......Page 277
FAMILY VIOLENCE OPTION......Page 278
Funding......Page 279
Programs......Page 280
History......Page 281
Predictors......Page 282
Characteristics of Father Perpetrators......Page 283
Prevention and Treatment Initiatives......Page 284
FATHERS’ RIGHTS MOVEMENT......Page 285
Consequences......Page 286
FEMALE GENITAL MUTILATION......Page 287
FEMALE PERPETRATORS OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE......Page 288
FEMALE PERPETRATORS OF INTIMATE PARTNER VIOLENCE......Page 290
A Gender-Sensitive Perspective on Risk and Resilience......Page 292
Developmental Consequences......Page 293
FEMALE PERPETRATORS OF VIOLENCE AGAINST CHILDREN......Page 294
Causes of Female-Perpetrated Violence Against Children......Page 295
FEMALE SLAVERY/CHILD SLAVERY......Page 296
Debt Bondage......Page 297
FEMICIDE......Page 298
Maternal Mortality and Intimate Partner Femicide......Page 299
FEMINIST MOVEMENTS TO END VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN......Page 300
Organizations, Initiatives, and Projects......Page 301
International Initiatives......Page 303
Early Feminist Theories of Interpersonal Violence......Page 304
FETICIDE......Page 305
FILICIDE......Page 306
FINANCIAL ABUSE, ELDERLY AND BATTERED WOMEN......Page 307
FINANCIAL LITERACY VERSUS FINANCIAL ABUSE......Page 308
FIREARMS See GUN VIOLENCE FOOT BINDING......Page 309
FORCED MARRIAGES......Page 310
FORCED MILITARY CONSCRIPTION......Page 311
Forensic Nursing Practice......Page 312
Foster Care Settings and Foster Parents......Page 313
FRATERNITIES AND VIOLENCE......Page 314
Physical Hazing......Page 315
History......Page 316
Limitations......Page 317
Complications......Page 318
Comparisons of Gang and Individual Rapes......Page 320
GANG VIOLENCE......Page 321
GENDERCIDE......Page 323
GENOCIDE......Page 324
Understanding Spatial Variations......Page 326
Crime Prevention and Control......Page 327
GREENBOOK, THE......Page 328
Gun Control and Politics and Legislation......Page 329
Criminal Justice Interventions and Policy Perspectives......Page 330
GUN CONTROL, LEGISLATION......Page 331
Individuals and Gun Violence......Page 332
Federal Government/State Intervention in Gun Violence......Page 333
HAGUE CONVENTION ON THE CIVIL ASPECTS OF INTERNATIONAL CHILD ABDUCTION......Page 336
HARVARD SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH COLLEGE ALCOHOL STUDY......Page 337
HATE CRIMES (BIAS CRIMES), ANTI-GAY......Page 338
Legal Response to Hate Crimes......Page 339
HATE CRIMES (BIAS CRIMES), CRIMINAL JUSTICE RESPONSES......Page 340
Policy History......Page 342
Anti-White Violence......Page 343
Anti-Asian Violence......Page 344
Anti-Immigrant Violence......Page 345
Community Education......Page 346
HAZING......Page 347
Prevention Strategies for the Prenatal and Birth Period......Page 348
Strategies for Adolescents......Page 349
Community-Focused Efforts......Page 350
HEALTH CARE RESPONSE TO CHILD MALTREATMENT......Page 351
HEALTH CARE RESPONSE TO INTIMATE PARTNER VIOLENCE......Page 352
Current Research......Page 353
Future Opportunities......Page 354
Why Maltreatment as Children Makes Adults Sick......Page 355
HEALTH CONSEQUENCES OF HATE CRIME......Page 357
HEALTH CONSEQUENCES OF INCARCERATION......Page 358
Health Consequences of Psychological Violence......Page 359
Public Health Response to Intimate Partner Violence......Page 360
HELP-SEEKING BEHAVIORS OF ABUSED WOMEN......Page 361
HIGH-TECH VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN......Page 362
Strategies for Change......Page 363
HOMELESSNESS AND VIOLENCE......Page 364
Emergence......Page 365
HOMICIDES, CRIMINAL......Page 366
Data......Page 367
Arrest Clearances......Page 368
Internalized Homophobia......Page 369
Advances in Gay and Lesbian Rights......Page 370
HOMOPHOBIA AND MEDIA REPRESENTATIONS OF GAY, LESBIAN, BISEXUAL, AND TRANSGENDER PEOPLE......Page 371
HUMAN RIGHTS......Page 372
History of Human Rights......Page 373
Human Rights Protections Against Interpersonal Violence......Page 374
Conclusion......Page 376
HYMEN REPLACEMENT SURGERY......Page 377
Consequences......Page 378
IMMIGRANT AND MIGRANT WOMEN......Page 380
IMMIGRANT AND MIGRANT WOMEN AND LAW ENFORCEMENT RESPONSE......Page 382
IMMIGRATION SERVICES INCEST......Page 383
Long-Term Effects......Page 384
Infanticide in History......Page 385
Types of and Motivations Behind Infanticides......Page 386
INSANITY DEFENSE......Page 387
INSTITUTE ON DOMESTIC VIOLENCE IN THE AFRICAN AMERICAN COMMUNITY......Page 389
INTENSIVE FAMILY PRESERVATION SERVICES......Page 390
INTERGENERATIONAL TRANSMISSION OF VIOLENCE......Page 391
Transmission of Child Sexual Abuse......Page 392
INTERMITTENT EXPLOSIVE DISORDER......Page 393
INTERNATIONAL SEX INDUSTRY......Page 394
INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR THE PREVENTION OF CHILD ABUSE AND NEGLECT......Page 396
INTERNET, CRIMES AGAINST CHILDREN......Page 397
INTERNET, PORNOGRAPHY......Page 398
Advantages and Concerns......Page 399
Research......Page 400
The Race-ing of Violence Against Women......Page 401
The Gender-ing of Ethnic Analyses of Violence......Page 402
Early Intervention......Page 403
Definitions......Page 404
Risk Factors......Page 405
Consequences......Page 406
Intervention......Page 407
INTIMATE TERRORISM......Page 408
Specific Strategies Employed in Investigative Interviewing......Page 409
Protocols and Nondisclosure......Page 411
Investigative Interviewing Protocols......Page 412
INVESTIGATIVE INTERVIEWING OF OFFENDERS......Page 413
Historical Perspective......Page 416
Current Child Welfare Practice......Page 417
LEARNED HELPLESSNESS......Page 418
LEARNED OPTIMISM......Page 419
Privacy......Page 420
Record Keeping......Page 422
LEGAL MOMENTUM......Page 423
LEGAL SYSTEM, ADVOCACY EFFORTS TO AFFECT, CHILD MALTREATMENT......Page 424
Class Action Advocacy......Page 425
LEGAL SYSTEM, ADVOCACY EFFORTS TO AFFECT, ELDER ABUSE......Page 426
Systems Advocacy......Page 427
LEGAL SYSTEM, ADVOCACY EFFORTS TO AFFECT, INTIMATE PARTNER VIOLENCE......Page 428
The Criminal Justice System......Page 429
Federal Funding......Page 430
Legal Issues That Arise When Aiding Victimized Children......Page 431
Law-Related Child Victim Interviewing Issues......Page 432
Criminal Court Remedies......Page 433
Difficulties in Prosecution......Page 434
Shortcomings of the Criminal Justice System......Page 435
Types of Civil Legal Remedies......Page 436
Legal System......Page 437
Disposition Rates......Page 438
Community Violence......Page 439
Family Violence......Page 440
LEGAL SYSTEM, CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM RESPONSES TO INTIMATE PARTNER VIOLENCE......Page 441
Civil Child Protection Laws......Page 443
Stages of the Legal Process in Civil Child Protection Cases......Page 444
LEGISLATION, CHILD MALTREATMENT......Page 445
Common Topics of Child Maltreatment Legislation......Page 446
LEGISLATION, ELDER ABUSE......Page 447
The Elder Justice Act......Page 448
Pros and Cons of Hate Crime Legislation......Page 449
LEGISLATION, INTIMATE PARTNER VIOLENCE......Page 450
Federal Legislation......Page 451
An Evolution in Defining Rape and Sexual Assault......Page 453
Rape Shield Laws......Page 454
M......Page 456
MANDATORY ARREST/ PRO-ARREST STATUTES......Page 457
Impact......Page 458
Disadvantages for Victims......Page 459
Characteristics of Mandated Reports......Page 460
Impact of Mandatory Reporting Laws......Page 461
MANDATORY REPORTING LAWS OF ELDER ABUSE......Page 462
MANDATORY REPORTING LAWS OF INTIMATE PARTNER VIOLENCE......Page 463
MARITAL RAPE/WIFE RAPE......Page 464
MARITAL RAPE/WIFE RAPE, MARITAL EXEMPTIONS IN RAPE STATUTES......Page 465
MARRIAGE EDUCATION AND VIOLENCE......Page 466
Marriage Education and Welfare Reform......Page 467
MASCULINITIES AND VIOLENCE......Page 468
MASS MURDER......Page 469
MASS RAPE......Page 470
MATERNAL HOMICIDE......Page 471
MATERNAL RESPONSIBILITY FOR CHILD PHYSICAL ABUSE......Page 473
Reports to Police......Page 474
Random Sample Surveys......Page 475
Media Stereotyping......Page 476
Historical Connections......Page 477
MEDIA AND VIOLENCE......Page 478
Coverage of Politicized and Celebrity Violent Crimes......Page 479
Does Mediation Work?......Page 480
Possible Challenges to Mediation......Page 481
MENDING THE SACRED HOOP......Page 482
Childhood or Adolescent Mental Disorders Linked With Violence......Page 483
Other Mental Disorders Linked With Violence......Page 484
MILITARY, FAMILY ADVOCACY PROGRAMS......Page 485
Methods......Page 486
Misogyny, Gender, and Violence......Page 487
Misogyny and Violence Against Men......Page 488
MUNCHAUSEN SYNDROME BY PROXY......Page 489
N......Page 492
NATIONAL CENTER FOR MISSING AND EXPLOITED CHILDREN......Page 493
NEGLECT NATIONAL CHILDREN’S ALLIANCE AND CHILDREN’S ADVOCACY CENTERS......Page 494
NATIONAL CHILD TRAUMATIC STRESS NETWORK......Page 495
NATIONAL CLEARINGHOUSE FOR THE DEFENSE OF BATTERED WOMEN......Page 496
NATIONAL CLEARINGHOUSE ON MARITAL AND DATE RAPE......Page 497
NATIONAL COALITION AGAINST DOMESTIC VIOLENCE......Page 499
NATIONAL COUNCIL OF JUVENILE AND FAMILY COURT JUDGES......Page 500
NATIONAL CRIME PREVENTION COUNCIL......Page 501
NATIONAL DOMESTIC VIOLENCE FATALITY REVIEW INITIATIVE......Page 502
NATIONAL DOMESTIC VIOLENCE HOTLINE......Page 503
Family Violence Surveys......Page 504
National Surveys of Violence Toward Children......Page 505
NATIONAL INCIDENT-BASED REPORTING SYSTEM......Page 506
NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF JUSTICE......Page 507
NATIONAL LATINO ALLIANCE FOR THE ELIMINATION OF DOMESTIC VIOLENCE......Page 508
NATIONAL NETWORK TO END DOMESTIC VIOLENCE......Page 509
NATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR WOMEN......Page 510
NOW and Interpersonal Violence......Page 511
NATIONAL SEXUAL VIOLENCE RESOURCE CENTER......Page 512
Estimates......Page 513
NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS IN IMPULSIVE AGGRESSION AND VIOLENT BEHAVIOR......Page 514
NO-DROP PROSECUTION......Page 516
Possible Effects of Early Literature......Page 517
Recent Understanding of Nonoffending Parents......Page 518
OFFICE FOR VICTIMS OF CRIME......Page 520
OFFICE OF JUVENILE JUSTICE AND DELINQUENCY PREVENTION......Page 521
OFFICE ON CHILD ABUSE AND NEGLECT......Page 522
“ONE STRIKE” PUBLIC HOUSING POLICY......Page 523
OPPRESSION AND VIOLENCE......Page 524
Typology......Page 528
Clinical Interventions......Page 529
Problems......Page 530
PARENT–CHILD TRAUMA THERAPY......Page 531
Parenting Behaviors Associated With Child Maltreatment......Page 532
Parenting Education and Support Programs......Page 533
Impact and Risk Assessment......Page 534
Interventions......Page 535
Corporal Punishment......Page 536
Prevention of Youth Violence......Page 537
Patriarchy in Society......Page 538
Influence......Page 539
PATRICIDE See FAMILY HOMICIDES PEACEMAKING CIRCLES......Page 540
Theory......Page 541
Risk Assessment......Page 542
Community-Related Influences......Page 543
Concluding Remarks......Page 544
Types of Peer Mediation Sessions......Page 545
PIMPING......Page 546
POLICE, RESPONSE TO CHILD MALTREATMENT......Page 547
POLICE, RESPONSE TO DOMESTIC VIOLENCE......Page 548
Dual Arrests......Page 549
POLICE, SUICIDE BY COP......Page 550
Causes and Solutions to Police Violence......Page 551
PORNOGRAPHY......Page 552
General Epidemiology......Page 554
Treatment......Page 555
Increasing Rates of Poverty......Page 556
POWER AND CONTROL WHEEL......Page 557
PREGNANCY, VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN DURING......Page 559
Effects......Page 560
Issues With Prevalence......Page 561
PREVENTION PROGRAMS, ADOLESCENT DATING VIOLENCE......Page 562
Effective Dating Violence Prevention Programs......Page 563
Implementation Considerations......Page 564
When to Intervene?......Page 565
What Is the Focus?......Page 566
Who Is It For?......Page 568
PREVENTION PROGRAMS, COMMUNITY APPROACHES TO INTIMATE PARTNER VIOLENCE......Page 569
Focus on Engaging Men......Page 570
Community Mobilization in Preventing Interpersonal Violence......Page 571
Outcomes......Page 572
Characteristics of Effective Prevention Programs......Page 573
Prevention Research Concepts......Page 574
PREVENTION PROGRAMS, INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE......Page 575
The Development of Effective Prevention Programs......Page 576
Conceptualization......Page 578
Fidelity and Outcome......Page 579
Challenges of Prisoner Reentry......Page 580
Prisoner Reentry Nationally......Page 581
PRISON RAPE ELIMINATION ACT......Page 582
PRISON VIOLENCE AND PRISON GANGS......Page 583
PRISON VIOLENCE BY CORRECTIONS STAFF......Page 584
PRISON VIOLENCE BY INMATES......Page 585
PRISON VIOLENCE IN WOMEN’S FACILITIES......Page 586
PROFESSIONAL JOURNALS ON CHILD MALTREATMENT......Page 587
PROFESSIONAL JOURNALS ON ELDER ABUSE......Page 588
PROFESSIONAL JOURNALS ON INTIMATE PARTNER VIOLENCE......Page 589
PROFESSIONAL JOURNALS ON VICTIMIZATION......Page 590
PROFESSIONAL JOURNALS ON YOUTH VIOLENCE......Page 593
PROSECUTORIAL PRACTICES, CHILD MALTREATMENT......Page 594
PROSECUTORIAL PRACTICES, ELDER ABUSE......Page 596
Context......Page 597
Child Abuse Prosecution......Page 598
PROSECUTORIAL PRACTICES, INTIMATE PARTNER VIOLENCE......Page 599
Violence......Page 601
PROTECTIVE ORDERS PSYCHIATRIC ILLNESS AND VIOLENCE PROPENSITY......Page 602
PSYCHOLOGICAL/EMOTIONAL ABUSE......Page 603
PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY FOR VIOLENCE......Page 604
Behavior, Stress, and the Autonomic Nervous System......Page 605
Neuroimaging Physiology......Page 606
PUBLIC EDUCATION......Page 607
Dynamics of Punking......Page 609
Effects of Punking......Page 610
R......Page 612
Theory......Page 613
Challenging Rape Culture......Page 614
RAPE KITS......Page 615
Risk Factors......Page 616
Consequences......Page 617
Intervention......Page 618
RAPE SHIELD LAWS......Page 619
RAPE TRAUMA SYNDROME......Page 620
REASONABLE EFFORTS......Page 621
Defining and Measuring Recidivism......Page 622
REFUGEE/ASYLEE......Page 623
RELIGION......Page 624
Controversy......Page 625
Protective Factors......Page 626
Research on Resilience, Risk, and Protective Factors......Page 627
Restorative Justice Approaches......Page 628
DOMESTIC VIOLENCE RESTRAINING AND PROTECTIVE ORDERS......Page 629
The Process of Obtaining Court Orders......Page 630
Limitations of Court Orders......Page 631
Judicial Enforcement of Court Orders......Page 632
RISK ASSESSMENT......Page 633
RISK ASSESSMENT INSTRUMENTS, CHILD MALTREATMENT......Page 634
Instruments......Page 635
Conclusion......Page 636
The Function of Risk Assessment Instruments......Page 637
Victim-Administered Instruments......Page 638
Perpetrator-Administered Instruments......Page 639
The Need for Risk Assessment Instruments......Page 640
Future Directions......Page 641
Contexts of Use......Page 642
RITUALISTIC ABUSE......Page 643
ROAD RAGE See INTERMITTENT EXPLOSIVE DISORDER ROBBERY......Page 644
Types of Robberies......Page 645
RURAL CHILD ABUSE......Page 647
RURAL WOMAN ABUSE......Page 649
SACRED CIRCLE NATIONAL RESOURCE CENTER TO END VIOLENCE AGAINST NATIVE WOMEN......Page 652
SAFETY PLANNING......Page 653
Similarities......Page 655
Unique Issues......Page 656
Best Practice Principles......Page 657
SCHOOL VIOLENCE......Page 658
SCHOOL VIOLENCE, MEDIA COVERAGE OF......Page 659
School’s Response......Page 660
Historical Evolution......Page 661
Preventing and Minimizing the Effects of School Shootings......Page 662
SCOTTSBORO BOYS......Page 663
SECONDARY VICTIMIZATION See VICARIOUS TRAUMATIZATION SECONDARY VICTIMIZATION BY POLICE AND COURTS......Page 664
SELF-DEFENSE......Page 665
Psycho-Medical Demographics......Page 666
Why Self-Petitioning Is Needed......Page 667
SELF-TRAUMA MODEL......Page 668
SEPARATION/DIVORCE SEXUAL ASSAULT......Page 670
Types of Serial Murder/Serial Killers......Page 671
Causes of Serial Murder......Page 672
The Criminal Behavior......Page 673
SEVERITY OF VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN SCALES......Page 674
Institutional Sexism......Page 675
SEX EDUCATION......Page 676
SEX OFFENDER REGISTRATION LAWS......Page 678
Consequences of Sex Crimes......Page 679
Legal and Clinical Responses to Sex Offenders......Page 680
SEX OFFENDERS, CIVIL COMMITMENT......Page 681
SEX TOURISM......Page 682
SEXUAL ABUSE......Page 683
Sexual Abuse Defined......Page 684
Prosecution and Victim Advocacy......Page 685
SEXUAL ABUSE OF THE ELDERLY......Page 686
Task Forces......Page 687
Prevalence......Page 688
SEXUAL ASSAULT NURSE EXAMINER......Page 689
SEXUAL ASSAULT RESPONSE TEAM......Page 690
SEXUAL COERCION......Page 691
SEXUAL ETHICS......Page 692
SEXUAL EXPERIENCES SURVEY......Page 693
SEXUAL HARASSMENT......Page 694
Same-Sex Sexual Harassment in the Workplace and Education......Page 695
Historical Overview of Same-Sex Sexual Harassment in Education......Page 696
U.S. Supreme Court Decisions......Page 697
SEXUAL HARASSMENT IN WORKPLACES......Page 698
Theories......Page 700
SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES......Page 701
Childhood Sexual Abuse......Page 702
SHAKEN BABY SYNDROME......Page 703
SHELTERING OF DOMESTIC VIOLENCE VICTIMS’ PETS......Page 704
Services Provided......Page 705
SIBLING ABUSE......Page 706
Impacts......Page 707
SITUATIONAL COUPLE VIOLENCE......Page 708
SOCIAL COGNITIVE PROGRAMS FOR VIOLENCE......Page 709
Consequential Thinking......Page 710
SOCIALIZATION......Page 711
SOCIAL LEARNING THEORY......Page 712
SOCIAL SUPPORT NETWORKS......Page 713
Perceived and Received Social Support......Page 714
SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS, OFFENDING AND VICTIMIZATION BY CLASS......Page 715
Spiritual Sources of Distress......Page 716
Spiritual Resources for Healing and Resilience......Page 717
Methods......Page 718
Future Research......Page 719
Causes of Stalking......Page 720
STATE VIOLENCE......Page 721
Laws About Statutory Rape......Page 723
Future Directions......Page 724
STOP VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN FORMULA GRANT PROGRAM......Page 725
SUBCULTURES OF VIOLENCE......Page 726
Black Subculture of Violence......Page 727
Theories of the Relationship Between Substance Abuse and Interpersonal Violence......Page 728
Empirical Data Regarding the Relationship Between Substance Abuse and Intimate Partner Violence......Page 729
Environmental Exposures......Page 730
SUICIDALITY: CLUSTERS, CONTAGION, AND PACTS......Page 731
Marital Status, Household Composition, Sexual Orientation, Incarceration......Page 732
Global Patterns......Page 733
SUICIDALITY: NOMENCLATURE......Page 734
Clinical Interventions for At-Risk Individuals and Families......Page 735
Media......Page 736
Mental and Physical Illnesses......Page 737
Behavioral Risk Factors......Page 738
SUICIDE, RISK AND PROTECTIVE FACTORS: IN RESEARCH......Page 739
TAKE BACK THE NIGHT......Page 740
TEMPORARY ASSISTANCE FOR NEEDY FAMILIES PROGRAM......Page 741
International Law Prohibiting Torture......Page 742
Types of Trafficking......Page 743
Contributing Factors......Page 744
Trafficking Methods......Page 745
Stopping Trafficking in Humans......Page 746
TRAUMA-FOCUSED THERAPY......Page 747
Efficacy......Page 748
TRIBAL ISSUES......Page 749
The Impact of Colonization on Safety and Justice for Native Women......Page 750
The 12 Steps......Page 751
Variety of 12-Step Programs......Page 752
Criticisms of 12-Step Programs......Page 753
UNIFORM CRIME REPORTS......Page 754
International Law......Page 755
Future Directions......Page 756
Historical Origins......Page 757
International Bill of Human Rights......Page 758
Core International Human Rights Treaties......Page 759
Declarations......Page 760
UXORICIDE See FAMILY HOMICIDES......Page 761
Verbal Abuse During Childhood......Page 762
Treatment......Page 763
VICARIOUS TRAUMATIZATION......Page 764
VICTIM BLAMING See VICTIM PRECIPITATION THEORIES VICTIM IMPACT STATEMENTS......Page 765
Individual Demographic Predictors......Page 766
Contextual Predictors......Page 767
Impact......Page 768
Process......Page 769
Theoretical Victimology......Page 770
Development of Victim Precipitation Theories......Page 771
VICTIMS OF CRIME ACT......Page 772
The Modern Movement......Page 773
Major Accomplishments......Page 774
VICTIM-WITNESS ADVOCACY PROGRAMS......Page 775
VICTIM WITNESS SPECIALISTS......Page 776
VIDEO GAMES, VIOLENCE EXPOSURE IN......Page 777
Interactivity......Page 778
Theoretical Explanations......Page 779
VIOLENCE AGAINST INDIGENOUS CHILDREN, YOUTH, AND FAMILIES......Page 780
VIOLENCE AGAINST PEOPLE WITH DISABILITIES......Page 781
Violence Against Women Act of 2000......Page 783
Violence Against Women Act of 2005......Page 784
Causes......Page 785
Future Disaster Management......Page 786
Soldiers’ Wives and Dependents......Page 787
VIOLENCE PREVENTION CURRICULA FOR ADOLESCENTS......Page 788
Key Stakeholders......Page 789
VIOLENT RESISTANCE......Page 790
WOMEN OF COLOR NETWORK......Page 792
History......Page 793
Principles, Values, and Service Standards......Page 794
Types of Workplace Violence......Page 795
Going Postal: A Bad Rap......Page 796
Interventions......Page 797
YOUTH VIOLENCE......Page 800
Helpful Resources......Page 802
The Elderly......Page 813
Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, Transgender, Queer, and Questioning Communities......Page 814
Human Rights (Including Trafficking and Slavery)......Page 815
Mental Health (Including Substance Abuse and Suicide)......Page 816
Racial and Ethnic Minorities......Page 818
Sexual Violence and Abuse (Resources Addressing Victims and Perpetrators)......Page 820
Violence Between Intimate Partners (Resources Primarily Addressing Victims)......Page 824
Violence Between Intimate Partners (Resources Primarily Addressing Perpetrators)......Page 832
Interpersonal Violence—General......Page 834
State Coalitions Against Domestic Violence......Page 839
Tribal Coalitions......Page 844
State Sexual Assault Coalitions......Page 846
State Clearinghouses for Missing and Exploited Children......Page 852
Hotlines......Page 858
Interpersonal Violence Statistical Data......Page 860
Comparing UCR and the NCVS......Page 861
UNIFORM CRIME REPORTING PROGRAM CRIME DEFINITIONS......Page 862
UNIFORM CRIME REPORTING PROGRAM: STATE-BY-STATE DATA FOR VIOLENT CRIME 2002–2006......Page 863
NATIONAL CRIME VICTIMIZATION SURVEY......Page 919
A......Page 924
B......Page 926
C......Page 928
D......Page 932
E......Page 934
F......Page 935
G......Page 937
H......Page 938
I......Page 939
L......Page 941
M......Page 942
N......Page 944
P......Page 946
Q,R......Page 949
S......Page 951
T......Page 954
U......Page 955
V......Page 956
W......Page 957
X,Y,Z......Page 958