Encyclopedia of Industrial and Organizational Psychology (2 volume set)

Cover......Page 1
Copyright......Page 5
Contents......Page 6
Editorial Board......Page 8
List of Entries......Page 10
Reader’s Guide......Page 16
About the Editor......Page 22
Contributors......Page 24
Introduction......Page 36
ABUSIVE SUPERVISION......Page 39
ACADEMY OF MANAGEMENT......Page 42
ACTION THEORY......Page 43
ADVERSE IMPACT/DISPARATE TREATMENT/DISCRIMINATION AT WORK......Page 45
AFFECTIVE EVENTS THEORY......Page 48
AFFECTIVE TRAITS......Page 51
AFFIRMATIVE ACTION......Page 53
AGE DISCRIMINATION IN EMPLOYMENT ACT......Page 57
AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION, ASSOCIATION FOR PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE......Page 59
AMERICANS WITH DISABILITIES ACT......Page 60
APPLICANT/TEST-TAKER REACTIONS......Page 63
ARMY ALPHA/ARMY BETA......Page 67
ASSESSMENT CENTER......Page 68
ASSESSMENT CENTER METHODS......Page 72
ATTITUDES AND BELIEFS......Page 75
ATTRACTION–SELECTION– ATTRITION MODEL......Page 77
AUTOMATION/ADVANCED MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY/COMPUTER-BASED INTEGRATED TECHNOLOGY......Page 80
AUTONOMY......Page 82
BALANCED SCORECARD......Page 83
BANDING......Page 84
BEHAVIORAL APPROACH TO LEADERSHIP......Page 86
BENCHMARKING......Page 88
BIG FIVE TAXONOMY OF PERSONALITY......Page 90
BIOGRAPHICAL DATA......Page 94
BONA FIDE OCCUPATIONAL QUALIFICATIONS......Page 96
BOREDOM AT WORK......Page 98
CAREER DEVELOPMENT......Page 101
CAREERS......Page 104
CASE STUDY METHOD......Page 106
CHARISMATIC LEADERSHIP THEORY......Page 108
CIVIL RIGHTS ACT OF 1964, CIVIL RIGHTS ACT OF 1991......Page 109
CLASSICAL TEST THEORY......Page 113
COGNITIVE ABILITIES......Page 114
COGNITIVE ABILITY TESTS......Page 117
COMPARABLE WORTH......Page 119
COMPENSATION......Page 121
COMPETENCY MODELING......Page 123
COMPRESSED WORKWEEK......Page 125
COMPUTER ASSESSMENT......Page 127
CONFIDENCE INTERVALS/HYPOTHESIS TESTING/EFFECT SIZES......Page 129
CONFLICT AT WORK......Page 132
CONFLICT MANAGEMENT......Page 135
CONSTRUCT......Page 137
CONTENT CODING......Page 139
CONTEXTUAL PERFORMANCE/ PROSOCIAL BEHAVIOR/ ORGANIZATIONAL CITIZENSHIP BEHAVIOR......Page 141
CONTROL THEORY......Page 145
CORE SELF-EVALUATIONS......Page 148
CORPORATE ETHICS......Page 150
CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY......Page 152
COUNTERPRODUCTIVE WORK BEHAVIORS......Page 156
COUNTERPRODUCTIVE WORK BEHAVIORS, INTERPERSONAL DEVIANCE......Page 157
COUNTERPRODUCTIVE WORK BEHAVIORS, ORGANIZATIONAL DEVIANCE......Page 160
CREATIVITY AT WORK......Page 164
CREDENTIALING......Page 167
CRITERION THEORY......Page 169
CRITICAL INCIDENT TECHNIQUE......Page 172
CROSS-CULTURAL RESEARCH METHODS AND THEORY......Page 174
CUSTOMER SATISFACTION WITH SERVICES......Page 181
CYBERLOAFING AT WORK......Page 184
DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS......Page 187
DIFFERENTIAL ITEM FUNCTIONING......Page 189
DIRTY WORK......Page 190
DISTANCE LEARNING......Page 193
DIVERSITY IN THE WORKPLACE......Page 195
DIVERSITY TRAINING......Page 198
DOWNSIZING......Page 201
DRUG AND ALCOHOL TESTING......Page 204
ELECTRONIC HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT......Page 209
ELECTRONIC PERFORMANCE MONITORING......Page 211
EMOTIONAL BURNOUT......Page 215
EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE......Page 218
EMOTIONAL LABOR......Page 220
EMOTIONS......Page 223
EMPLOYEE ASSISTANCE PROGRAM......Page 226
EMPLOYEE GRIEVANCE SYSTEMS......Page 228
EMPLOYEE SELECTION......Page 230
EMPLOYMENT AT WILL......Page 235
EMPLOYMENT INTERVIEW......Page 236
EMPOWERMENT......Page 240
ENGINEERING PSYCHOLOGY......Page 244
ENTREPRENEURSHIP......Page 247
EQUAL PAY ACT OF 1963......Page 248
EQUITY THEORY......Page 250
ETHICS IN INDUSTRIAL/ ORGANIZATIONAL PRACTICE......Page 253
ETHICS IN INDUSTRIAL/ ORGANIZATIONAL RESEARCH......Page 257
EUSTRESS......Page 260
EXECUTIVE COACHING......Page 261
EXECUTIVE SELECTION......Page 265
EXIT SURVEY (EXIT INTERVIEW)......Page 268
EXPATRIATES......Page 270
EXPECTANCY THEORY OF WORK MOTIVATION......Page 273
EXPERIMENTAL DESIGNS......Page 276
EXPLORATORY FACTOR ANALYSIS......Page 279
FACTOR ANALYSIS......Page 281
FAMILY AND MEDICAL LEAVE ACT......Page 284
FEEDBACK......Page 286
FEEDBACK SEEKING......Page 288
FLEXIBLE WORK SCHEDULES......Page 290
FOCUS GROUPS......Page 293
FRAME-OF-REFERENCE TRAINING......Page 295
FREE RIDING......Page 297
GAINSHARING AND PROFIT SHARING......Page 299
GAY, LESBIAN, AND BISEXUAL ISSUES AT WORK......Page 301
GENERALIZABILITY THEORY......Page 304
GENETICS AND INDUSTRIAL/ ORGANIZATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY......Page 306
GLASS CEILING......Page 309
GLOBAL LEADERSHIP AND ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR EFFECTIVENESS PROJECT......Page 311
GLOBALIZATION......Page 314
GOAL-SETTING THEORY......Page 316
GRAPHOLOGY......Page 319
GRAVITATIONAL HYPOTHESIS......Page 320
GROUP COHESIVENESS......Page 322
GROUP DECISION-MAKING QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE......Page 324
GROUP DECISION-MAKING TECHNIQUES......Page 327
GROUP DEVELOPMENT......Page 331
GROUP DYNAMICS AND PROCESSES......Page 333
GROUPS......Page 336
GROUPTHINK......Page 337
HARDINESS......Page 341
HAWTHORNE STUDIES/ HAWTHORNE EFFECT......Page 343
HIGH-PERFORMANCE ORGANIZATION MODEL......Page 344
HISTORY OF INDUSTRIAL/ ORGANIZATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY IN EUROPE AND THE UNITED KINGDOM......Page 347
HISTORY OF INDUSTRIAL/ ORGANIZATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY IN NORTH AMERICA......Page 350
HISTORY OF INDUSTRIAL/ ORGANIZATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY IN OTHER PARTS OF THE WORLD......Page 355
HUMAN–COMPUTER INTERACTION......Page 360
HUMAN RELATIONS MOVEMENT......Page 365
HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT......Page 367
HUMAN RESOURCES STRATEGY......Page 369
IMPLICIT THEORY OF LEADERSHIP......Page 371
IMPRESSION MANAGEMENT......Page 373
INCENTIVES......Page 376
INCREMENTAL VALIDITY......Page 378
INDIVIDUAL ASSESSMENT......Page 379
INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES......Page 382
INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS......Page 386
INFERENTIAL STATISTICS......Page 389
INNOVATION......Page 390
INPUT–PROCESS–OUTPUT MODEL OF TEAM EFFECTIVENESS......Page 391
INTEGRITY AT WORK......Page 393
INTEGRITY TESTING......Page 395
INTERGROUP RELATIONS......Page 397
INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION......Page 400
INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION STYLES......Page 404
INTRINSIC AND EXTRINSIC WORK MOTIVATION......Page 406
ITEM RESPONSE THEORY......Page 409
JOB ADVERTISEMENTS......Page 413
JOB ANALYSIS......Page 415
JOB ANALYSIS METHODS......Page 418
JOB CHARACTERISTICS THEORY......Page 421
JOB CHOICE......Page 424
JOB DESCRIPTION......Page 429
JOB DESIGN......Page 430
JOB EVALUATION......Page 433
JOB INVOLVEMENT......Page 435
JOB KNOWLEDGE TESTING......Page 437
JOB PERFORMANCE MODELS......Page 439
JOB ROTATION......Page 442
JOB SATISFACTION......Page 444
JOB SATISFACTION MEASUREMENT......Page 448
JOB SEARCH......Page 452
JOB SECURITY/INSECURITY......Page 454
JOB SHARING......Page 457
JOB TYPOLOGIES......Page 459
JUDGMENT AND DECISION-MAKING PROCESS......Page 462
JUDGMENT AND DECISION-MAKING PROCESS: ADVICE GIVING AND TAKING......Page 465
JUDGMENT AND DECISION-MAKING PROCESS: HEURISTICS, COGNITIVE BIASES, AND CONTEXTUAL INFLUENCES......Page 467
JUSTICE IN TEAMS......Page 470
LABOR LAW......Page 475
LEADER–MEMBER EXCHANGE THEORY......Page 478
LEADERSHIP AND SUPERVISION......Page 480
LEADERSHIP DEVELOPMENT......Page 483
LEARNING ORGANIZATIONS......Page 487
LEAST PREFERRED COWORKER THEORY......Page 488
LENS MODEL......Page 490
LETTERS OF RECOMMENDATION......Page 493
LIFE-CYCLE MODEL OF LEADERSHIP......Page 495
LINKAGE RESEARCH AND ANALYSES......Page 497
LOCUS OF CONTROL......Page 499
LONGITUDINAL RESEARCH/ EXPERIENCE SAMPLING TECHNIQUE......Page 500
MACHIAVELLIANISM......Page 505
MEASUREMENT SCALES......Page 506
MEASURES OF ASSOCIATION/ CORRELATION COEFFICIENT......Page 508
MEETINGS AT WORK......Page 512
MENTORING......Page 513
MERGERS, ACQUISITIONS, AND STRATEGIC ALLIANCES......Page 516
META-ANALYSIS......Page 518
MODERATOR AND MEDIATOR VARIABLES......Page 521
MOOD......Page 523
MORALE......Page 526
MOTIVATIONAL TRAITS......Page 527
MULTILEVEL MODELING......Page 530
MULTILEVEL MODELING TECHNIQUES......Page 532
MULTITRAIT–MULTIMETHOD MATRIX......Page 535
NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH/OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION......Page 539
NATURALISTIC OBSERVATION......Page 542
NEED FOR ACHIEVEMENT, POWER, AND AFFILIATION......Page 544
NEED THEORIES OF WORK MOTIVATION......Page 546
NEGOTIATION, MEDIATION, AND ARBITRATION......Page 549
NETWORKING......Page 552
NEW EMPLOYEE ORIENTATION......Page 554
NOMOLOGICAL NETWORKS......Page 556
NONEXPERIMENTAL DESIGNS......Page 557
NORMATIVE MODELS OF DECISION MAKING AND LEADERSHIP......Page 559
NORMATIVE VERSUS IPSATIVE MEASUREMENT......Page 561
OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH PSYCHOLOGY......Page 563
OCCUPATIONAL INFORMATION NETWORK (O*NET)......Page 566
OLDER WORKER ISSUES......Page 569
OPTIMISM AND PESSIMISM......Page 572
ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR......Page 575
ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR MANAGEMENT......Page 576
ORGANIZATIONAL CHANGE......Page 579
ORGANIZATIONAL CHANGE, RESISTANCE TO......Page 581
ORGANIZATIONAL CLIMATE......Page 583
ORGANIZATIONAL COMMITMENT......Page 586
ORGANIZATIONAL COMMUNICATION, FORMAL......Page 589
ORGANIZATIONAL COMMUNICATION, INFORMAL......Page 593
ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE......Page 596
ORGANIZATIONAL CYNICISM......Page 600
ORGANIZATIONAL DEVELOPMENT......Page 602
ORGANIZATIONAL IMAGE......Page 606
ORGANIZATIONAL JUSTICE......Page 608
ORGANIZATIONAL POLITICS......Page 612
ORGANIZATIONAL RETALIATORY BEHAVIOR......Page 614
ORGANIZATIONAL SENSEMAKING......Page 617
ORGANIZATIONAL SOCIALIZATION......Page 619
ORGANIZATIONAL SOCIALIZATION TACTICS......Page 621
ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE......Page 623
ORGANIZATIONAL SURVEYS......Page 627
OUTSOURCING......Page 630
PATH–GOAL THEORY......Page 633
PERFORMANCE APPRAISAL......Page 635
PERFORMANCE APPRAISAL, OBJECTIVE INDEXES......Page 636
PERFORMANCE APPRAISAL, SUBJECTIVE INDEXES......Page 639
PERFORMANCE FEEDBACK......Page 642
PERSONALITY......Page 645
PERSONALITY ASSESSMENT......Page 650
PERSON–ENVIRONMENT FIT......Page 653
PERSON–JOB FIT......Page 656
PERSON–ORGANIZATION FIT......Page 658
PERSON–VOCATION FIT......Page 659
PHYSICAL PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT......Page 661
PLACEMENT AND CLASSIFICATION......Page 664
POLICY CAPTURING......Page 666
POSITIVE PSYCHOLOGY APPLIED TO WORK......Page 668
PRACTICAL INTELLIGENCE......Page 671
PRESCREENING ASSESSMENT METHODS FOR PERSONNEL SELECTION......Page 673
PROGRAM EVALUATION......Page 676
PROJECT A......Page 679
PROTESTANT WORK ETHIC......Page 681
PSYCHOLOGICAL CONTRACT......Page 683
QUALITATIVE RESEARCH APPROACH......Page 687
QUALITY OF WORK LIFE......Page 689
QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH APPROACH......Page 690
QUASI-EXPERIMENTAL DESIGNS......Page 693
QUESTIONNAIRES......Page 695
RACE NORMING......Page 697
RATING ERRORS AND PERCEPTUAL BIASES......Page 698
REALISTIC JOB PREVIEW......Page 701
RECRUITMENT......Page 704
RECRUITMENT SOURCES......Page 708
REINFORCEMENT THEORY OF WORK MOTIVATION......Page 710
RELIABILITY......Page 713
RETIREMENT......Page 716
ROLE AMBIGUITY......Page 718
ROLE CONFLICT......Page 720
ROLE OVERLOAD AND UNDERLOAD......Page 723
SAMPLING TECHNIQUES......Page 727
SCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENT......Page 730
SCIENTIST-PRACTITIONER MODEL......Page 732
SELECTION: OCCUPATIONAL TAILORING......Page 733
SELECTION STRATEGIES......Page 736
SELF-CONCEPT THEORY OF WORK MOTIVATION......Page 741
SELF-EFFICACY......Page 743
SELF-ESTEEM......Page 746
SELF-FULFILLING PROPHECY: PYGMALION EFFECT......Page 749
SELF-REGULATION THEORY......Page 751
SEXUAL DISCRIMINATION......Page 752
SEXUAL HARASSMENT AT WORK......Page 755
SHIFTWORK......Page 758
SIMULATION, COMPUTER APPROACH......Page 761
SITUATIONAL APPROACH TO LEADERSHIP......Page 762
SITUATIONAL JUDGMENT TESTS......Page 765
SOCIAL COGNITIVE THEORY......Page 767
SOCIAL EXCHANGE THEORY......Page 771
SOCIAL LOAFING......Page 774
SOCIAL NORMS AND CONFORMITY......Page 776
SOCIAL SUPPORT......Page 779
SOCIALIZATION: EMPLOYEE PROACTIVE BEHAVIORS......Page 782
SOCIETY FOR INDUSTRIAL AND ORGANIZATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY......Page 785
SOCIOTECHNICAL APPROACH......Page 787
SPIRITUALITY AND LEADERSHIP AT WORK......Page 789
STANDARDIZED TESTING......Page 792
STATISTICAL POWER......Page 796
STEREOTYPE THREAT......Page 798
STEREOTYPING......Page 799
STRATEGIC PLANNING......Page 801
STRESS, CONSEQUENCES......Page 802
STRESS, COPING AND MANAGEMENT......Page 805
STRESS, MODELS AND THEORIES......Page 808
STRUCTURAL EQUATION MODELING......Page 811
SUCCESSION PLANNING......Page 814
SURVEY APPROACH......Page 817
SURVIVOR SYNDROME......Page 820
TEAM-BASED REWARDS......Page 823
TEAM BUILDING......Page 825
TEAM MENTAL MODEL......Page 827
TELECOMMUTING......Page 830
TERRORISM AND WORK......Page 833
TEST SECURITY......Page 835
THEFT AT WORK......Page 838
THEORY OF ACTION......Page 841
THEORY OF REASONED ACTION/ THEORY OF PLANNED BEHAVIOR......Page 843
THEORY OF WORK ADJUSTMENT......Page 845
360-DEGREE FEEDBACK......Page 847
TIME MANAGEMENT......Page 850
TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT......Page 852
TRAINABILITY AND ADAPTABILITY......Page 855
TRAINING......Page 857
TRAINING EVALUATION......Page 858
TRAINING METHODS......Page 861
TRAINING NEEDS ASSESSMENT AND ANALYSIS......Page 865
TRAIT APPROACH TO LEADERSHIP......Page 868
TRANSFER OF TRAINING......Page 870
TRANSFORMATIONAL AND TRANSACTIONAL LEADERSHIP......Page 872
TRUST......Page 875
TWO-FACTOR THEORY......Page 877
TYPE A AND TYPE B PERSONALITIES......Page 878
UNDEREMPLOYMENT......Page 881
UNIFORM GUIDELINES ON EMPLOYEE SELECTION PROCEDURES......Page 883
UNION COMMITMENT......Page 886
UNIONS......Page 888
UTILITY ANALYSIS......Page 892
VALIDATION STRATEGIES......Page 897
VALIDITY......Page 902
VERBAL PROTOCOL ANALYSIS......Page 904
VIOLENCE AT WORK......Page 906
VIRTUAL ORGANIZATIONS......Page 907
VIRTUAL TEAMS......Page 910
WHISTLE-BLOWERS......Page 913
WITHDRAWAL BEHAVIORS, ABSENTEEISM......Page 916
WITHDRAWAL BEHAVIORS, LATENESS......Page 919
WITHDRAWAL BEHAVIORS, TURNOVER......Page 921
WORKAHOLISM......Page 925
WORK–LIFE BALANCE......Page 926
WORK MOTIVATION......Page 930
WORKPLACE ACCOMMODATIONS FOR THE DISABLED......Page 932
WORKPLACE INCIVILITY......Page 934
WORKPLACE INJURIES......Page 935
WORKPLACE ROMANCE......Page 938
WORKPLACE SAFETY......Page 940
WORK SAMPLES......Page 943
WORK VALUES......Page 946
Appendixes: Pursuing a Career as a Successful Industrial and Organizational Psychologist......Page 949
Appendix 1. Guidelines for Education and Training at the Master’s Level in Industrial and Organizational Psychology......Page 951
Appendix 2. Guidelines for Education and Training at the Doctoral Level in Industrial/Organizational Psychology......Page 963
Appendix 3. Universities With Master’s and/or Doctoral Graduate Programs in Industrial and Organizational Psychology (and Related Fields)......Page 978
Appendix 4. Scientific Journals Publishing Research in Industrial/Organizational Psychology (and Related Fields)......Page 981
Appendix 5. Job Titles of Industrial/Organizational Psychologists......Page 984
Appendix 6. Groups and Organizations That Have Industrial/Organizational Psychologists as Members......Page 985
Index......Page 989