Encyclopedia of Governance

Vol.1: Accountability-Judiciary......Page 1
Contents......Page 4
Editorial Board......Page 5
List of Entries......Page 6
Reader’s Guide......Page 13
About the Editor......Page 23
Contributors......Page 24
Preface......Page 33
Introduction......Page 35
Family Resemblances: Accountability, Responsibility, Liability......Page 37
Some Rough Distinctions......Page 38
Democratic and Public Accountability......Page 39
The New Governance Agenda and the Culture of Accountability......Page 41
Participatory......Page 43
Adhocracy......Page 44
Causes......Page 46
Consequences......Page 47
African Governance......Page 48
Governance Politics in Africa......Page 49
Agency......Page 50
Challenges for Governance and Democracy......Page 51
American Governance......Page 52
Anarchy......Page 54
Andean Community, Andean Pact......Page 55
Antiglobalization......Page 56
Pan-Arab Conceptions of Arab Integration......Page 60
Arab Integration as a Globalizing Tool......Page 61
Asian Financial Crisis......Page 62
A Crisis of Governance......Page 63
Values and Development Debates......Page 64
Governance After the Crisis: Asian Governance and fiBadfl Governan......Page 65
Asia-pacific Economic Cooperation......Page 66
Models of Democratic Order......Page 67
Political Interest Intermediaries......Page 68
Neocorporatism......Page 69
Association Of Southeast Asian Nations......Page 70
Audit......Page 71
Australasian Governance......Page 75
Authoritarianism as a Personality Trait......Page 76
Waning State Authority?......Page 77
Autopoiesis......Page 78
Baltic State Cooperation......Page 80
Bear Market......Page 81
Border Theory......Page 82
Blurring the Line: Perforation and Decomposition of Borders......Page 83
Bottom-up Approach......Page 84
Bounded Rationality......Page 85
Bretton Woods in Practice......Page 87
Brokerage......Page 88
Budgetary Autonomy......Page 89
Bull Market......Page 90
Systems of Rule, Authority, and Bureaucracy......Page 91
Weber’s Ideal-Typical Concept of Bureaucracy......Page 92
Bureaucracy and Modern Public Management......Page 93
Bureaucratic Politics Approach......Page 95
Bureau Shaping......Page 96
Business Cycle......Page 98
Cairns Group......Page 100
Capacity Building......Page 101
Capitalism......Page 102
Capital Market Integration......Page 105
Caribbean Community......Page 106
Caribbean Governance......Page 107
Central-Local Governance and Networks......Page 109
Autonomy......Page 110
Control......Page 111
Chiang Mai Agreement......Page 113
Citizen-Centric Government......Page 114
Rights......Page 115
Gender and Citizenship......Page 117
City-Region......Page 118
Civic Capacity......Page 119
Civic Engagement......Page 120
Civic Republicanism......Page 121
Civic Virtue......Page 122
Other Movements Across the Globe......Page 123
Civil Service......Page 125
Civil Society......Page 126
Origins and Development......Page 127
Contemporary Political Discourse......Page 128
The Clientelism of Notables......Page 130
The Unofficial Mechanisms of Governance......Page 131
Climate Change......Page 132
The Challenges of Climate Governance......Page 133
Clinical Governance......Page 134
Coercion......Page 137
Contemporary Usage in the Study of Governance......Page 138
Background......Page 139
Criticism......Page 140
Collaborative Planning......Page 141
Collective Action......Page 143
Collective Wage Bargaining......Page 147
Collusion......Page 148
Commission On Global Governance......Page 149
Common But Differentiated Responsibilities......Page 150
Common Good......Page 151
Common Market For Eastern And Southern Africa......Page 152
Common-pool Resource......Page 154
Communication......Page 155
Communicative Action......Page 157
Communicative Rationality......Page 158
Communitarianism......Page 159
Community Organizing......Page 161
Competition Policy......Page 162
Competition State......Page 163
Competitiveness......Page 164
Background and Development of Complexity Theory......Page 166
Complexity Theory and Social Science......Page 167
Compliance Cost......Page 170
Confederalism......Page 171
Confidence-building Measure......Page 172
Contemporary Conflict Mediation......Page 173
Confucian Governance......Page 174
Consensus Democracy......Page 175
Consent......Page 176
Consociationalism......Page 177
Constitutionalization......Page 178
Example 2: Morality......Page 179
Example 3: Interjurisdictional Disputes......Page 180
Consuming Public Services......Page 181
Main Uses and Theoretical Relevance......Page 182
Differences and Changes in the Usage of the Term......Page 183
Contracting Out......Page 184
Convergence And Divergence......Page 185
Cooperation......Page 188
Cooptation......Page 191
Coordinated Market Economy......Page 192
Coordination......Page 193
Three Modes of Coordination......Page 194
Collaboration in Regional Partnerships......Page 195
Cooperation Among Nonstate Actors......Page 196
Core Executive......Page 197
A Wider Corporate Agenda......Page 198
CCC in Question......Page 199
Shareholder Governance......Page 200
Stakeholder Governance......Page 201
Public Services......Page 202
Criticisms of Stakeholding......Page 203
Forms of Corporatism......Page 204
Neocorporatism......Page 205
The Empirical and Theoretical Limits of Neocorporatism......Page 206
Types of Corruption......Page 208
The Globalization of Corruption......Page 209
Global Anticorruption Policies......Page 210
Cosmopolitanism......Page 212
How Cosmopolitanism Differs......Page 213
Cost-Benefit Analysis......Page 214
Council For Mutual Economic Assistance......Page 215
Councils Of Governments......Page 216
Crisis and the Modern Society......Page 217
Challenges of Crisis Management......Page 218
Critical Policy Analysis......Page 220
Critical Theory......Page 221
Jьrgen Habermas......Page 222
Contemporary Critical Theory......Page 223
Cyberspace......Page 224
Data Protection......Page 227
Decentered Theory......Page 228
Decentralization......Page 230
Periodization......Page 231
The Codification of Regional and Local Democracy......Page 232
Decision Making......Page 233
Satisficing and Bounded Rationality......Page 234
Incremental Decision Making and Routines......Page 235
Temporal Decision Making......Page 236
Evaluating Decision-Making Models......Page 237
Deliberative Democracy......Page 238
Features of Deliberation......Page 239
Democratic Deficit......Page 240
Classical Democracy: Greece......Page 241
Representative Democracy......Page 242
Neoliberalism......Page 244
Democratic Theory and Governance......Page 245
Democratization......Page 246
Democratization and Liberalism......Page 247
Dependency, Interdependence, and Dependence......Page 249
Dependency and International Structures of Power......Page 250
Derivative......Page 251
Deterrence......Page 252
Development Assistance Committee......Page 253
Theories of Modernization and Growth......Page 254
Dependency and World Systems Theories......Page 255
The Neoclassical Counterrevolution......Page 256
Critical Perspectives......Page 257
Devolved Systems......Page 259
Dialogic Public Policy......Page 260
Differentiated Polity......Page 261
The Ambiguity of Differentiation......Page 262
Dilemma......Page 263
Dirigisme......Page 264
Discourse......Page 265
Disintermediation......Page 266
Domestic Level Theories......Page 267
Multilevel Governance......Page 269
The Multilevel Polity......Page 270
Due Process......Page 271
Significance of the EAEG......Page 273
Economic Community Of West African States......Page 274
Economic Governance......Page 275
Forms of Economic Integration......Page 279
Why Form an Economic Region?......Page 280
Economic Openness......Page 282
Summary......Page 284
Economic Sociology: A Brief History......Page 285
Contemporary Economic Sociology......Page 286
Ecosystemic Approach......Page 289
From Community to Politics......Page 290
Effectiveness......Page 291
Measuring Effectiveness......Page 292
Efficiency......Page 293
Relation to Governance......Page 294
E-government......Page 295
The Institutional Setting: The Scope and Procedures of Electoral Democracy......Page 297
Electronic Records......Page 298
Embeddedness......Page 299
Origins......Page 300
Theoretical Contribution and Outlook......Page 303
Emergency Powers......Page 304
Empowerment......Page 305
Endangered Species Protection......Page 306
What Is Governance in This Context?......Page 307
Shifting Patterns of Governance in a Context of Globalization......Page 308
Conclusion......Page 311
Epistemic Community......Page 312
Equilibrium Theory......Page 314
Definition and Etymology......Page 315
Modern Forgetting or Transformation of Equity?......Page 317
Ethical Consumerism......Page 318
Ethnic Groups......Page 319
Ethnonationalism......Page 320
European Free Trade Association......Page 321
European Governance......Page 322
The Governance Approach in EU Studies......Page 323
New Modes of Governance......Page 324
European Governance Beyond the EU......Page 325
European Union......Page 326
Definitions and Delimitations......Page 328
Types of Evaluation Activities......Page 329
Statistical Significance in Evaluation Research......Page 331
Everyday Maker......Page 332
Origins......Page 333
Conceptualization......Page 334
Exchange-rate Regime......Page 335
Executive......Page 336
The Emergence of Supranational Political Systems......Page 337
Export Processing Zones......Page 338
Externalities......Page 339
Externalization......Page 340
Failed State......Page 341
Feminist Theories of the State......Page 342
Toward a Feminist Theory of Governance......Page 343
Financial Market......Page 344
Fiscal Crisis......Page 345
Fiscal Federalism......Page 347
Fordism And Post-fordism......Page 348
Concept Identification and a Brief Review of Practices......Page 350
Foreign Direct Investment......Page 351
Foreign Exchange Market......Page 352
Formal Organization......Page 354
Frame Analysis......Page 355
Freedom Of Information......Page 357
Free Trade Area Of The Americas......Page 360
Functionalism......Page 361
Rationale......Page 362
Critique......Page 363
Future?......Page 364
Futures Market......Page 365
Global Critique......Page 367
The Promise of Integrative Negotiation and Mixed Motives......Page 368
Garbage Can Theory......Page 369
The Roots of Gender Inequality......Page 370
Policy Approaches......Page 371
Generalized Exchange......Page 372
Global City......Page 373
Globalization and Interdependence......Page 375
Global Compact......Page 377
Global Governance......Page 378
International Governance— Institutions and Regimes......Page 379
Enhancing Global Governance......Page 380
Transformation, Globalization, and Global Governance......Page 381
Refashioning Global Governance......Page 382
Globalization......Page 383
Economic Globalization......Page 384
Criticisms of the (Economic) Globalization Hypothesis......Page 385
Beyond Economism......Page 386
Global Justice......Page 387
Global Market......Page 388
Global Warming and Global Governance......Page 390
Glocalization......Page 391
Glocalization in a Three-Level System......Page 392
Good Governance......Page 393
What Solution for What Governability Crisis?......Page 397
Governance......Page 398
A Conceptual History of Governance......Page 399
The New Governance......Page 402
Governance Beyond the State......Page 405
Theories of Governance......Page 406
Public Policy......Page 409
Democratic Governance......Page 411
Conclusion......Page 414
Governance Failure......Page 415
Supply of Indicators......Page 417
Demand for Indicators......Page 418
Government as an Institution......Page 419
Government as the Act of Governing......Page 421
Government and Governance......Page 422
Power Relations......Page 423
A Governmentality Lens......Page 424
Government By Proxy......Page 425
Government Department......Page 426
Government Performance And Results Act......Page 427
Gramscian Theory......Page 428
The Social Relations of Production and World Order......Page 429
Forms of State and Governance in Times of Globalization......Page 430
Group Of 7......Page 432
Group Of 77......Page 434
Groupthink......Page 435
Guest Workers......Page 436
Variation in the Organization of the Health Care Sector......Page 438
Hedging......Page 440
Hegemony......Page 441
Hemispheric Integration......Page 442
Heterarchy......Page 443
Hierarchy......Page 444
The Prevalence of Hierarchical Organizations......Page 445
High-reliability Organization......Page 446
The High-Reliability Perspective......Page 447
The High-Reliability Challenge......Page 448
Hiv/aids......Page 449
The State......Page 450
Hollow State......Page 451
Human-Resource Capitalism......Page 452
Human Capital and Performance......Page 453
Human Capital Mobility......Page 454
A Brave New World?......Page 455
Human Rights......Page 456
The Legacy of Natural Rights......Page 457
The Universal Declaration of Human Rights......Page 458
Criticisms......Page 459
Conclusion......Page 460
Human Security......Page 461
The Contested Nature of Human Security......Page 462
Human Security and Global Governance......Page 463
Hybridity......Page 465
Hybrid Organization......Page 466
Immigration......Page 467
Import Substitution Industrialization......Page 468
Impossibility Theorem......Page 470
Incentive Systems......Page 471
Incrementalism......Page 472
Indigenous Governance......Page 474
Individualism......Page 475
Industrialization......Page 476
Information Access Laws......Page 477
Informationalism......Page 478
Institution......Page 480
Nineteenth-Century European Institutionalism......Page 481
Mid-Twentieth-Century American Institutionalism......Page 482
Institutionalism Revisited......Page 484
Institutionalization......Page 485
Institutionalized Environment......Page 487
Indicators......Page 488
Implications......Page 489
Backgrounds of Interdependency: The Network Society......Page 490
Analyzing Interdependence......Page 491
Managing Interdependencies......Page 493
The Group as Organized Entity......Page 494
Action Repertoires......Page 495
Interest Groups and the State......Page 496
Interest Groups and the Governance of Public Policies......Page 497
Intergovernmental Relations Research Outside the United States......Page 500
Current Trends in Territorial Governance......Page 503
Internal Market......Page 504
History of Universal International Courts......Page 505
International Division Of Labor......Page 506
International Labour Organization......Page 507
International Law And Treaties......Page 509
International Organization......Page 510
Methods......Page 512
Future......Page 513
Regime Change......Page 515
Internet Governance......Page 516
Interorganizational Coordination......Page 517
Instruments of Interorganizational Coordination......Page 519
A Checklist......Page 520
Interpretive Analysis Procedures......Page 521
Interpretive Theory......Page 522
Interpreting Intersubjectivity......Page 523
Explaining Governance......Page 524
A New Level of Governance?......Page 526
Investment......Page 528
Investment Incentive......Page 530
Iron Law Of Oligarchy......Page 531
Irrational Exuberance......Page 532
Islamic Governance in History......Page 533
Islamic Governance Today......Page 534
Joint Venture......Page 535
Law as an Instrument of Social and Political Regulation......Page 536
Toward fiGovernanc by Judgesfl......Page 537
Vol.2: Keynesianism-WTO......Page 539
The "Keynesian Revolution"......Page 541
Keynesianism in Practice......Page 542
Knowledge for Public Organizations......Page 543
Kyoto Protocol......Page 544
Leadership......Page 546
Legislators as Actors of Governance Among Others......Page 549
Classic Definitions and Discussions......Page 551
Current Challenges for Democratic Legitimacy......Page 552
Liberal Internationalism......Page 555
Engines of Progress: Commerce and Law......Page 556
Liberalism......Page 557
Liberalization......Page 561
Liberal Market Economy......Page 562
Line-staff Organization......Page 563
Causes for the Shift Toward Local Governance......Page 564
Local Government and Governance......Page 565
Dealing With Local Governance......Page 566
Localization......Page 567
Local Knowledge and Phenomenological Situatedness......Page 568
Local Knowledge in Policy Analysis......Page 569
Logic Of Appropriateness......Page 571
Majority Cycle......Page 573
Theoretical Approaches to Markets and Governance......Page 574
Market Failure......Page 575
The Theory......Page 576
Historical Remedies for Market Failure......Page 577
Contemporary Reforms and Market Failure......Page 578
Marketization......Page 579
Concepts and Theories......Page 581
Class and State......Page 582
Marxist Scholarship in the Social Sciences......Page 583
Marxism and Global Governance......Page 584
Matrix Organization......Page 585
Measurement Of Governance......Page 586
Dimensions of Governance and Measurement......Page 587
Normative Criteria......Page 589
Media Freedom......Page 590
The Liberal and Economic Nationalist Responses......Page 591
Mercosur......Page 592
Mesoregionalism......Page 593
Middle Power......Page 595
Migration......Page 597
Military Necessity......Page 598
Statecraft......Page 599
Legacy......Page 600
Millennium Development Goals......Page 601
Monetarism......Page 602
Monetarism in Practice......Page 603
Monetary Policy......Page 604
Monopoly......Page 606
Most-favored Nation Principle......Page 607
Multiculturalism as a Challenge to Traditional Liberalism......Page 608
Relation to Governance......Page 609
Indivisibility......Page 610
Institutionalization......Page 611
EU Structural Policy and Multilevel Governance......Page 612
Two Types of Multilevel Governance......Page 613
Taking Stock......Page 614
Theoretical Roots......Page 616
Unknown......Page 0
Nation......Page 618
Nationalism......Page 620
Origins......Page 621
Encountering the Earth’s Limits......Page 622
Some Conceptual Approaches to Natural Resource Management......Page 623
Optimally Distributive and Integrative......Page 624
Proven Research and Theories......Page 625
Neighborhood Association......Page 626
Neocolonialism......Page 627
Neoliberalism......Page 628
Marxist Humanism......Page 629
Neotraditionalism......Page 630
Network......Page 632
Types of Networks......Page 633
Comparative Network Theory......Page 634
Characteristics for Comparing Networks......Page 635
Network Society......Page 636
Old Institutionalism......Page 637
New Institutional Economics......Page 638
New Sociological Institutionalism......Page 639
Evaluating New Institutionalism......Page 640
New Poverty Research......Page 641
New Public Management as an International Reform Movement......Page 643
The New Public Management in Action......Page 644
Explaining the Emergence and Proliferation of New Public Management......Page 645
Accountability......Page 646
Aspects of New Regionalism......Page 647
Nongovernmental Organization......Page 648
Nonprofit Organization......Page 650
Recent Growth of the Nonprofit Sector......Page 651
Normal Accident Theory......Page 652
Regulatory or Behavioral Norms......Page 653
Constitutive Norms and Governance......Page 654
Explaining the Contribution of Norms to Governance......Page 655
North American Free Trade Agreement......Page 657
North Atlantic Treaty Organization......Page 658
North-south Regionalism......Page 659
Offshoring......Page 661
Oil Crisis......Page 662
Ombudsman......Page 663
Open Regionalism......Page 664
Open Government......Page 665
Optimal Decision Making......Page 666
Optimum Currency Areas......Page 667
Organisation For Economic Co-operation And Development......Page 668
Constructing Organizational Culture......Page 670
Organizational Culture and Change......Page 671
Organizational Learning......Page 672
Elements of Organizational Structure......Page 674
Organizational Structure, Uncertainty, and the Environment......Page 675
Organization For Security And Cooperation In Europe......Page 676
Organization Of African Unity, The......Page 677
Organization Of The Petroleum Exporting Countries......Page 678
Key Questions, Units of Analysis, and Debates......Page 679
Major Theoretical Approaches......Page 680
Organization Theory and Governance......Page 681
Overload......Page 682
Oversight......Page 684
Pacific Islands Forum......Page 686
Pareto Optimality......Page 687
Participation......Page 688
Liberal and Participatory Traditions......Page 689
Participatory Mechanisms......Page 690
Participatory Democracy......Page 692
Participatory Democracy: Practices......Page 693
Future Developments......Page 695
Path Dependence......Page 696
Patrimonialism......Page 697
Peace Process......Page 699
Why Measure Performance?......Page 701
Critical Issues in Performance Measurement......Page 702
Physical Capital......Page 703
Decision-Making Strategies......Page 704
Political Responsibility for Planning......Page 705
Subject Matter of Planning......Page 706
Political Pluralism......Page 707
Cultural Pluralism......Page 709
Criticisms of Pluralism......Page 710
Pluralist Democracy......Page 711
Policy Analysis......Page 714
Features of Policy Cycles......Page 718
The Paradox of Policy Cycles......Page 719
Related Concepts......Page 720
Policy Implementation......Page 721
Policy Learning......Page 724
The Ambiguity of Policy Learning......Page 725
Policy Network......Page 726
Governance as Networks......Page 727
Network Theory......Page 728
Networks as Reform......Page 729
Policy Predictability......Page 730
National Policy Styles......Page 731
Conclusion......Page 733
The Agents: Policy Transfer and Organizational Analysis......Page 734
Political Business Cycle......Page 735
Political Business Cycle, Institutional Design, and Depoliticization of Monetary Policy......Page 736
Political Communication......Page 737
Political Economy......Page 739
The Impact of Globalization......Page 742
Conclusion......Page 745
From Tradition to Modernity......Page 746
Political Exchange in Network Governance......Page 747
Limitations and Problems of Political Exchange......Page 748
Political Party......Page 749
Politics-administration Dichotomy......Page 750
Polyarchy......Page 751
Positive Political Theory......Page 752
Post-9/11......Page 754
From Decolonization to Postcolonialism......Page 755
What Is the Subject of Postcolonialism?......Page 756
The Critique of Historicism......Page 757
Postcolonialism and Governance......Page 758
Postmodernism......Page 759
Post–Washington Consensus......Page 761
What Is Poverty?......Page 762
Alternative Strategies for Poverty Reduction......Page 763
Development Policy and Poverty Reduction......Page 764
Power......Page 765
Disembodied Power......Page 768
Power Sharing......Page 769
Three Core Themes of Classical Pragmatism......Page 770
Selznick on Institutions......Page 771
Problem Solving, Knowledge, and Cooperation......Page 772
Precautionary Principle......Page 773
Principal-agent Model......Page 774
Prisoner’s Dilemma......Page 775
Private Military Companies......Page 776
Privatization......Page 777
Problem Structure......Page 778
Production Chain......Page 779
Production Network......Page 780
Professionalism......Page 781
Program Evaluation......Page 782
Property Rights......Page 783
Neoclassical Economic Theory......Page 785
Types of Protectionism and WTO Regulation......Page 786
Governance as a Narrative for Public Administration......Page 787
Governance as an Agenda for Public Administration......Page 790
Conclusion......Page 793
Public Goods......Page 794
Public Information......Page 795
Legislative Response......Page 796
Public Investment......Page 797
Public-Private Partnerships......Page 799
Investment for Development......Page 800
Public Opinion......Page 801
Definitions......Page 802
Emergence of PPPs......Page 803
PPPs and Governance......Page 804
Public Sector......Page 805
Public Sphere......Page 806
Purchaser-Provider Split......Page 807
Quango......Page 809
Quasi-market......Page 811
Elements and Structure of Rational Choice Theory: Expectations and Game Theory......Page 813
Applications of Rational Choice Theory to Problems of Governance......Page 815
Conclusion......Page 817
Rationality......Page 819
Rational Decision Theory in the Social Sciences......Page 820
Refinements and Challenges......Page 821
Alternatives......Page 822
Rationalization......Page 823
Neorealism......Page 824
Neorealism(s) and Beyond......Page 825
Operation in the GATT and the WTO......Page 826
Reflexivity......Page 827
Regime......Page 828
Regime Theory and the Study of International Relations......Page 829
Regime Theory and the Study of Local and Urban Politics......Page 831
Regional Authority......Page 833
Regional Development Bank......Page 834
Regional Governance......Page 836
Theories of Regionalism......Page 837
Regionalism and Regionalization......Page 839
Examples of Regional Organizations......Page 840
Regulation as State Activity......Page 841
Regulation as Governance......Page 843
Regulation Theory......Page 845
Regulatory Enforcement......Page 846
Regulatory Negotiations......Page 847
Regulatory State......Page 848
Religion......Page 849
Rent Seeking......Page 850
The Meanings of Representation......Page 851
The History of Political Representation......Page 852
The Concept of Representation......Page 853
Representation and Governance......Page 854
Representative Democracy......Page 855
Government Structure......Page 856
Election Foundations......Page 857
Representative Selection System......Page 858
Terms of Office......Page 859
Other Factors Affecting Representation......Page 860
Conclusion......Page 861
Research And Development......Page 862
Resource Dependency Theory......Page 863
Responsibility......Page 864
Revealed Preference......Page 865
Risk......Page 866
Risk Society......Page 869
Rule......Page 870
Rule Of Law......Page 872
Negative and Positive Forms of the Ideal......Page 873
Challenges to the Rule of Law......Page 874
Rules Of Origin......Page 875
Types of Sanctions......Page 877
Satisfaction......Page 878
Satisficing Behavior......Page 879
Science as the Open Society......Page 880
Science as an Ideological Force......Page 881
Second-track Diplomacy......Page 882
Changing Understandings of Security......Page 884
What Next?......Page 886
Karl W. Deutsch and the Idea of Security Community......Page 887
Security Communities in World Politics......Page 888
Segregation......Page 889
Self-government......Page 890
Characteristics of Self-Organizing Systems......Page 891
The Ambiguity of Self-Regulation......Page 893
Sensemaking......Page 894
Sensemaking in Organizations......Page 895
Service Delivery......Page 896
Policy Instruments of Service Delivery......Page 897
Service Provider......Page 898
Service Quality......Page 899
Situated Agency......Page 900
Social Capital......Page 901
Social Choice......Page 902
Social Constructivism......Page 903
Varieties of Constructivism......Page 904
Constructivist Approaches to Governance......Page 905
Social Democracy......Page 906
Democracy......Page 907
Inequities in Democratic Systems and the Balance of Power......Page 908
Social Inclusion......Page 909
Social Justice......Page 910
Social Learning......Page 912
Social Market......Page 915
Social Movement Theory......Page 916
Resource Mobilization......Page 917
Political Process and Political Opportunities......Page 918
Social Movement Theory and Governance......Page 919
Social Network Theory......Page 920
Network Theory’s Toolkit......Page 921
Networks and Change......Page 922
Bourdieu’s Reflexive Sociology......Page 923
Wittgenstein’s Language Games......Page 924
The Origins of Sociocybernetics......Page 925
Sociocybernetics and Governance......Page 926
Conclusion......Page 928
Sociology Of Governance......Page 929
Classical Sociology and Modernity......Page 930
Poststructuralist Perspectives......Page 931
The Sociology of the State......Page 932
Organizations......Page 933
Economic Sociology and Social Networks......Page 934
The Intersections of Sociology and Governance......Page 935
South East Asia Treaty Organization......Page 936
Southern African Development Community......Page 937
Sovereignty......Page 938
Space......Page 942
Enterprise Versus Nonenterprise Districts......Page 944
Stakeholder......Page 945
Stakeholder Theory and Analysis......Page 946
Stakeholder Management and Corporate Governance......Page 947
Stakeholding and Societal Governance......Page 948
State......Page 950
State Building......Page 951
State Capture......Page 952
State-society Relations......Page 953
Reconsidering the State-Society Framework......Page 954
Conclusion......Page 956
State Structure......Page 957
Who Steers?......Page 958
Toward What Goals Is Society Being Steered?......Page 959
How Do Steerers React to Their Previous Actions?......Page 960
Strategic Planning......Page 961
Benefits of Strategic Planning......Page 962
Street-level Bureaucrat......Page 963
Structural Contingency Theory......Page 964
The Principle of Subsidiarity: A Method of Governance......Page 966
Substate Regionalism......Page 967
Sustainability......Page 972
Sustainable Development......Page 973
Governance Challenges......Page 975
Systems Theory......Page 977
T......Page 979
Technical-rational Expertise......Page 980
Selected Technological Advances......Page 981
Recent Technological Advances......Page 983
Technology Transfer......Page 984
Technology Use in New Environments......Page 985
Territoriality......Page 986
A Contested Concept......Page 988
Types of Terrorism......Page 989
The Threat of Terrorism......Page 990
Responding to Terrorism......Page 991
Third Sector......Page 992
Third Way......Page 993
Third-World Debt......Page 996
Management of the Debt......Page 997
Tobin Tax......Page 998
Top-Down Approach......Page 999
Trade Agreements......Page 1000
Trade Union......Page 1001
Tradition......Page 1003
Transaction Cost......Page 1007
Transgovernmentalism......Page 1009
Translation......Page 1010
Transnational Governance......Page 1011
Processes of Transnationalism......Page 1012
Transnational Communities and Pressure for Change......Page 1013
Transnational Social Movement......Page 1014
Transnational Urbanism......Page 1015
Transparency......Page 1016
Triadization......Page 1017
Tribal Governance......Page 1019
Trust and Power Relationships......Page 1020
The Importance of Trust in Modern Societies......Page 1021
U......Page 1022
Principal Organs......Page 1024
Effectiveness......Page 1025
Future......Page 1026
United Nations Conference On Trade And Development......Page 1027
Contemporary Challenges Facing UNCTAD......Page 1028
UNCTAD’s Critics......Page 1029
UNESCO Traces Its Origins to the Conference of Allied Ministers of Education......Page 1030
United Nations Security Council......Page 1031
Urban And Regional Planning......Page 1032
Urban Governance......Page 1034
V......Page 1035
Virtual Agency......Page 1037
Virtual Community......Page 1038
War On Terrorism......Page 1040
Washington Consensus......Page 1041
Weak Institution......Page 1042
Third Way......Page 1043
Welfare State......Page 1044
Workfare......Page 1046
World Bank......Page 1047
Recent Reforms......Page 1048
World Economic Forum......Page 1049
Organizational Structure......Page 1050
World Trade Organization......Page 1051