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دانلود کتاب ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BEHAVIORAL MEDICINE.
دانلود کتاب دایره المعارف طب رفتاری.
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ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BEHAVIORAL MEDICINE.
ویرایش: سری: ISBN (شابک) : 9783030399016, 3030399028 ناشر: SPRINGER NATURE سال نشر: 2022 تعداد صفحات: [2457] زبان: English فرمت فایل : PDF (درصورت درخواست کاربر به PDF، EPUB یا AZW3 تبدیل می شود) حجم فایل: 35 Mb
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Opening Quotations to the First Edition Foreword to the First Edition Foreword to the First Edition References Preface to the Second Edition References Preface to the First Edition References List of Authors Acknowledgments About the Editor Associate Editors Advisory Board Contributors A A1C Abdominal Obesity Abnormal Psychology Abrams, David B. (1951-) Biographical Information Major Accomplishments Cross-References References and Readings Absolute Risk Definition Description Cross-References References and Further Reading Abstinence Definition Description References and Further Readings Abstinence Violation Effect Synonyms Definition Description AVE in the Context of the Relapse Process AVE: Cognitive and Affective Responses to a Lapse Preventing the AVE Response Cross-References References and Further Readings Abuse, Elder Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References and Readings Accelerometry Acceptance and Commitment Therapy Synonyms Definition Description Brief History of Behavioral Therapies Philosophical Basis and Conceptual Framework Six Core Components of ACT Acceptance Cognitive Defusion Contact with Present Moment Self-As-Context Values Committed Action Evidence Base for ACT and Applications in Behavioral Medicine Cross-References References and Further Reading Acculturation Definition Definition and Theoretical Background Description Measuring Acculturation Psychological Acculturation Acculturation and Its Effect on Health Behaviors Cross-References References and Readings Acetylcholine Definition Description References and Readings ACT ACTH Cross-References References and Further Reading Actigraphy (Wrist, for Measuring Rest/Activity Patterns and Sleep) Synonyms Definition Description Background and Use Validity Advantages to Other Methods of Sleep Assessment Limitations of Actigraphy Cross-References References and Further Reading Actimetry Activation Active Aging Active Coping Synonyms Definition Cross-References References and Further Readings Active Sleep Active Way of Life Activities of Daily Life Assessment Activities of Daily Living (ADL) Synonyms Definition Cross-References References and Further Reading Activity Level Synonyms Definition Description Factors Influencing Activity Level Individual´s State of Flow Individual´s Personal Factors Individual´s Past Experiences Individual´s Dysfunctions Conclusion Cross-References References and Further Reading Activity Limitations Activity Monitor Activity Trackers Acts of Commission Acupressure Acupuncture Synonyms Definition Description References and Further Readings Acute Care Acute Condition Acute Disease Synonyms Definition Cross-References References and Readings Acute Illness Acute Infection Acute Myocardial Infarction References and Further Reading Acute Phase Proteins Adaptive Coping Adaptive Interventions Addiction Addiction Rehabilitation Addictive Behaviors Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References and Further Readings Ader, Robert Biographical Information Major Accomplishments Cross-References References and Further Readings Adherence Synonyms Definition Description Extent and Implications of Nonadherence Assessing Adherence Patient Self-Report Clinician Judgment Clinical Outcomes Medication Measurement Electronic Medication Monitors Computerized Pharmacy Records Biological Indicators Directly Observed Therapy (DOT) Determinants of Adherence Characteristics of the Treatment Regimen Patient Characteristics Patient Depression Provider Characteristics Patient-Provider Interaction Socio-environmental Characteristics Facilitating Adherence Technology and Adherence Conclusions Cross-References References and Further Readings Adhesion Molecules Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References and Further Reading Adipose Tissue Synonyms Definition Cross-References References and Readings Adipose Tissue Dysfunction Synonyms Definition Description Background and Overview Changes to the Structure, Function, and Cellular Composition of Adipose Tissue Changes to the Secretion Profile of Adipose Tissue Broader Implications of Adipose Tissue Dysfunction Summary Cross-References References and Further Reading Adipose Tissue Dysregulation Adjustment Disorders in Health Definition Description Brief History Current Diagnostic Criteria Prevalence and Diagnostic Controversies Assessment Measures Interventions Cross-References References and Further Reading Adjuvant Chemotherapy Definition Description Cross-References References and Readings Admixture Definition Cross-References References and Further Reading Adolescent Psychology Adrenal Cortex Adrenal Glands Definition Description Cross-References References and Further Readings Adrenal Medulla Adrenergic Activation Definition Cross-References Adrenocorticotropin Definition Advance Care Planning Adversarial Growth Adverse Drug Events Adverse Drug Reaction Definition Adverse Drug Reactions Adversity, Early Life Aerobic Exercise Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References and Further Readings Affect Synonyms Definition Description Describing and Distinguishing Affective States Functions of Affect Individual Differences in Affect Cross-References References and Further Readings Affect Arousal Synonyms Definition Description Psychological and Physiological Components of Arousal Functions of Arousal Individual Differences in Arousal Cross-References References and Further Readings Affective Hostility Affective Responses Affective State Affiliation Aged Age-Related Cognitive Decline Aggregate Data Synonyms Definition Cross-References Aggregate Measures Aggression Agile Science Synonyms Definition Description Process Overview Create Phase Optimize Phase Repurpose Phase Curate Phase Cross-references References and Further Readings Aging Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References and Readings Aging of the Immune System Agonist Definition Cross-References References and Further Readings AIDS Dementia Complex AIDS Prevention AIDS Wasting AIDS: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Synonyms Definition Description History of AIDS Epidemiology Diagnosis Treatment Prevention Cross-References References and Readings AII Alcohol Alcohol Abuse Alcohol Abuse and Dependence Synonyms Definition References and Readings Alcohol Consumption Synonyms Definition Description Relevance to Behavioral Medicine Cultural and Historical Factors Influencing Alcohol Consumption Neurobiological Effects of Alcohol Consumption Alcohol Metabolism Subjective Effects of Alcohol Consumption Consequences Associated with Alcohol Consumption Assessment of Alcohol Consumption Cross-References References and Further Readings Alcohol Use Alertness Allele Definition Cross-References References and Further Reading Allele Heterogeneity Definition Cross-References References and Further Reading Allergy: Behavioral Treatment, Risk Factors, and Psychosocial Aspects Definition Cross-References References and Further Readings Allostasis, Allostatic Load Definition Description Cross-References References and Further Reading Alpha-Amylase Definition Description Measurement of Salivary Alpha-Amylase in Behavioral Medicine Summary References and Further Reading Alpha-Linolenic Acid Alter Altered Appearance Alternative Medicine Synonyms Definition What Are the Types of Modalities Encompassed in the CAM Definition? What Is a Dietary Supplement, and How Are These Regulated by FDA? Description Cross-References References and Readings Alzheimer´s Disease Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References and Reading Ambulatory Blood Pressure Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References and Further Readings Ambulatory Blood Pressure Measurement (ABPM) Ambulatory Monitoring Definition Description Cross-References References and Further Reading American Cancer Society Basic Information Major Impact on the Field Cross-References References and Readings American Diabetes Association Basic Information Major Impact on the Field Cross-References References and Readings American Heart Association Basic Information Cross-References American Psychological Association Division 38 (Health Psychology) Basic Information American Psychosomatic Society Basic Information History Major Impact on the Field Mission Awards and Scholarships Annual Meeting Journal Committees and Memberships References and Readings Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Anabolic Resistance Analgesia Definition Cross-References References and Readings Analytes Anderson, Norman B. (1955-) Biographical Information Major Accomplishments Androgen Synonyms Definition Cross-References References and Readings Androgenic Hormone Ang II Anger Anger Assessment Anger Management Synonyms Definition Description Anger Avoidance and Reduction Strategies Anger Awareness, Experience, and Expression Strategies Cross-References References and Readings Anger, Measurement Synonyms Definition Description Self-reports Behavioral Observations Physiological Measures Conclusion Cross-References References and Readings Angina Pectoris Synonyms Definition Cross-References References and Readings Angiogram Angiography/Angioplasty Synonyms Definition Cross-References References and Reading Angioplasty Angiotensin Synonyms Definition Cross-References References and Readings Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors (ACE Inhibitors) Definition Cross-References References and Readings Anorexia Nervosa Definition Treatment of Anorexia Nervosa Cross-References References and Readings Antagonism Anterior Hypothalamic Area Anthropometric Anthropometrics Antianxiety Drug Antibodies Synonyms Definition (and Description) Cross-References References and Further Readings Antibody Generators Pathogens Antidepressant Medications Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References and Readings Antidepressants Antigens Synonyms Definition (and Description) Cross-References References and Further Readings Antihypertensive Antihypertensive Drugs Antihypertensive Medications Synonyms Definition Cross-References References and Readings Anti-inflammatory Medications Synonyms Definition Cross-References References and Readings Antioxidant Definition References and Further Reading Antiplatelet Therapy Antiserum Anxiety Synonyms Definition Description Normal Versus Abnormal Anxiety Anxiety Subtypes Performance anxiety Stranger and social anxiety Choice or decision anxiety State versus trait anxiety Cross-References References and Further Readings Anxiety and Cardiovascular Disease Anxiety and Heart Disease Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References and Further Reading Anxiety and Its Measurement Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References and Further Reading Anxiety Disorder Synonyms Definition Description Panic Disorder With or Without Agoraphobia Description and Symptoms Treatment Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) Description and Symptoms Treatment Social Phobia Description and Symptoms Treatment Specific Phobia Description and Symptoms Treatment Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) Description and Symptoms Treatment Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) Description and Symptoms Treatment Acute Stress Disorder Anxiety Disorder due to a General Medical Condition and Substance-Induced Anxiety Disorder Description and Symptoms Treatment Cross-References References and Further Readings Anxiolytic Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References and Readings Anxiousness Apolipoproteins: APOA-I, APOA-IV, APOE Definition References and Further Reading Appearance Evaluation Appetite and Appetite Regulation Definition Description Appetite and Obesity Cross-References References and Readings Apple Shaped Applied Behavior Analysis Definition Cross-References References and Further Readings Appreciation Arbitrary Inference Arcuate Nucleus Area Under the Curve (AUC) Synonyms Definition Cross-References References and Further Reading Area Under the Curve Across All Time Arithmetic Mean Arousal Arrhythmia Synonyms Definition Cross-References References and Readings ART Art Psychotherapy Art Therapy Synonyms Definition Description References and Further Reading ART, Assisted Reproductive Technology Arteries Synonyms Description Definition Cross-References References and Further Readings Arteriography Arteriola Arteriosclerosis Arthritis Synonyms Definition Cross-References References and Readings Arthritis: Psychosocial Aspects Synonyms Definition Description Psychosocial Factors in Arthritis Stress Affective Components Cognitive Components Social Factors Psychosocial Interventions for Arthritis Cross-References References and Reading Artificial Environment Artificial Intelligence Aspirin Synonyms Definition Cross-References References and Further Reading Assertiveness Training Definition Cross-References References and Further Readings Assessment Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References and Further Reading Assisted Living Definition Services Environment References and Readings Assisted Reproductive Technology Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART) Assisted Suicide Associate Asthma Definition Description References and Further Reading Asthma and Stress Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References and Further Reading Asthma Education and Prevention Program Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References and Readings Asthma Interventions Asthma: Behavioral Treatment Synonyms Definition Cross-References References and Reading Atherogenesis Atherosclerosis Synonyms Definition References and Readings Atherosclerotic Plaque Atrial Fibrillation Definition Description References and Further Reading Atrophy Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References and Readings Attachment Theory Definition Description Overview of Attachment Theory Implications for Behavioral Medicine Cross-References References and Readings Attention Attention Training Attitudes Synonyms Definition Description Attitudes and Health Behavior Health Behavior Theories Attitude Change to Change Health Behavior Limits of the Influence of Attitudes on Behavior Cross-References References and Readings Attribution Theory Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References and Further Reading Attributional Style Attributional Style Questionnaire (ASQ) Autism Spectrum Disorders Autoimmune Diabetes Autoimmune Diabetes Mellitus Autonomic Autonomic Activation Synonyms Definition References and Readings Autonomic Arousal Autonomic Balance Synonyms Definition Cross-References References and Readings Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) Synonyms Definition Description Anatomical Structure Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Innervations of Visceral Structures and Functioning Neurotransmitters and Receptors Central Control Summary Cross-References References and Readings Autonomic Reactivity AVE Average Avoidance Synonyms Definition Description Introduction Avoidance Coping Self-Regulation and Health-Relevant Avoidance Goals Health Information Avoidance Cross-References References and Further Reading Avoidance Coping Avoidance Goals Avoidance Motivation Avoidant Coping B Back Pain Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References and Further Readings Backache Bariatric Surgery Synonyms Definition Cross-References References and Readings Baroreceptors Definition Cross-References References and Further Reading Barrier Method of Protection Basal Metabolic Rate Definition Cross-References References and Readings Baseline Definition Cross-References B-Cell Stimulatory Factor 2 Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) Synonyms Definition Cross-References References and Further Reading Behavior Change Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References and Further Readings Behavior Change Techniques Definition Description Why Is It Important to Specify Interventions in Terms of Behavior Change Techniques? The Development of a Method of Specifying BCTs How BCT Taxonomies Have Been Used The Benefits of the BCT Approach Linking BCTs to Mechanisms of Action Advancing the Science of Behavior Change Cross-References References and Further Reading Behavior Modification Synonyms Definition Description The Representative Theory and Technique of the Behavior Therapy/Behavior Modification Applied Action Analytical Model Neobehavioristic Mediational S-R Theory Social Learning Theory Model Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy Model Cross-References References and Readings Behavior Modification Program Behavior Therapy Behavioral Analytics Behavioral Disengagement Behavioral Disorder Behavioral Ecological Model Behavioral Endocrinology Behavioral Immunology Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References and Further Reading Behavioral Informatics Synonyms Definition Description Opportunities Challenges Sample Application Areas Looking Ahead References and Further Reading Behavioral Inhibition Synonyms Definition Characteristics Assessment of Behavioral Inhibition Cross-References References and Further Readings Behavioral Intervention Behavioral Intervention Technologies Behavioral Medicine Definition Description Foundation of Behavioral Medicine Educating and Training the Next Generation of Behavioral Medicine Researchers and Practitioners Digital Health Collaborations Within the Field of Behavioral Medicine Collaborations with Additional Disciplines Cross-References References and Further Readings Behavioral Oncology Behavioral Sciences at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Synonyms Basic Information Cross-References References and Readings Behavioral Sleep Medicine Definition Description Techniques Utilized in CBT-I Summary Cross-References References and Further Reading Behavioral Therapy Synonyms Definition Description History Procedure for Treatment Application Cross-References References and Readings Beliefs Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References and Readings Beliefs About Stress Bender Benefit Evaluation in Health Economic Studies Synonyms Definition Description Economic Evaluation and Implications for Outcome Measurement The Internal Structure of Preference Formulation Attitudes Toward Risk Aggregation of Individual Preferences The Meaning of Validity in Outcome Assessment Quality-Adjusted Life-Years (QALYs) Healthy-Years Equivalent (HYE) Willingness-to-Pay (WTP) References and Further Readings Benefit Finding Synonyms Definition Cross-References References and Readings Benefit-Risk Estimation Synonyms Definition Cross-References Benefit-Risk Profile Benefit-Risk Ratio Benefits of Exercise Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References and Readings Benson, Herbert Biographical Information Major Accomplishments References and Reading Bereavement Synonyms Definition Cross-References References and Readings Bereavement Counseling Bereavement Therapy Beta Cells Synonyms Definition Cross-References References and Readings Bias Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References Big Five, The Binge Binge Drinking Synonyms Definition Description Cross-references References and Further Readings Binge Eating Definition Description Cross-References References and Further Readings Biobehavioral Mechanisms Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References and Readings Biofeedback Synonyms Definition Description References and Readings Biofeedback Control Biofeedback Therapy Biological Indicators Biological Markers Biomarkers Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References and Readings Biomedical Factors Biophysical Converter Biopsychosocial Model Definition Description Cross-References References and Further Readings Bipolar Disorder, with Seasonal Pattern Birth Control Birth Planning Birth Prevention Birth Weight Synonyms Definition Description References and Further Readings Bladder Carcinoma Blood Alcohol Concentration Blood Donation Description Risk of Syncopal Reactions to Blood Donation Impact of Syncopal Reactions on Blood Donor Retention Reducing the Risk of Syncopal Reactions Conclusion References and Readings Blood Glucose Synonyms Definition Hormones that Regulate Glucose Blood Glucose Measurements Cross-References References and Readings Blood Pressure Synonyms Definition Cross-References References and Readings Blood Pressure (BP) Blood Pressure Classification Synonyms Definition Description Accurate BP Estimation Clinical Guidelines Cross-References References and Further Reading Blood Pressure Reactivity or Responses Synonyms Definition Description Basis of the Blood Pressure Response to Stress Reactivity as a Stable Pattern of Responses Etiological Significance Measurement Issues Influencing Factors Cross-References References and Further Reading Blood Pressure, Elevated Synonyms Definition Cross-References References and Further Reading Blood Pressure, Measurement of Synonyms Definition Cross-References References and Further Reading Blood Sugar Blood Vessel Wall Body Composition Synonyms Definition Body Composition Measurement Cross-References References and Readings Body Esteem Body Fat Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References and Further Readings Body Image Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References and Readings Body Image and Appearance-Altering Conditions Synonyms Definition Description Psychosocial Challenges Faced by Individuals with an Appearance-Altering Condition Current Knowledge on Factors Influencing Adjustment to an Altered Appearance Current Knowledge on Interventions Cross-References References and Further Reading Body Language Body Mass Index Synonyms Definition Cross-References References and Readings Body Measurement Body Perception Body Size Satisfaction Bogalusa Heart Study Synonyms Definition Description Design Cross-References References and Further Reading Brain Brain and Spinal Cord Brain Damage Synonyms Definition Cross-References References and Readings Brain Imaging Brain Injury Brain Lesion Brain Pathology Brain Trauma Brain Tumor Definition Cross-References References and Further Readings Brain Wave Synonyms Definition Cross-References References and Further Reading Brain, Cortex Synonyms Definition Description References and Readings Brain, Imaging Synonyms Definition Description Contrast X-rays and Computerized Axial Tomography (CAT/CT) Single Photon/Positron Emission Tomography (SPECT/PET) Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)/Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) Diffuse Optical Imaging or Tomography (DOI/DOT) and Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) Cross-References References and Readings Brain, Injury Synonyms Definition Description Types of Injury Primary Versus Secondary Injury Focal and Diffuse Injury Cross-References References and Readings Brain, Tissue Definition Neurons Glial Cells Cross-References References and Readings Brain-Behavior Relationships BRCA1 and BRCA2 Synonyms Definition Cross-References References and Readings Breast Cancer Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References and Readings Breast Cancer Genes Breast Carcinoma Breast Neoplasm Breast/Ovarian Genetic Testing Brief Multidimensional Measure of Religiousness/Spirituality (BMMRS) Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References and Readings Brief Symptom Inventory Definition References and Readings Bronchial Asthma Bronchitis Synonyms Definition Description References and Further Readings Brownell, Kelly D. (1951-) Biographical Information Major Accomplishments Cross-References References and Reading Built Environment Synonyms Definition Description Dietary Behaviors Physical Activity Environmental Quality References and Readings Bulimia Definition Treatment of Bulimia Nervosa Cross-References References and Further Reading Bupropion (Wellbutrin, Zyban) Synonyms Definition Cross-References References and Readings Bypass Surgery Synonyms Definition Description Indications Surgery Complications Alternative Therapy References and Readings C CABG Cachectin Cachexia (Wasting Syndrome) Synonyms Definition Description Etiology Diagnosis Treatment Psychosocial Impact of Wasting The Role of Behavioral Medicine Cross-References References and Readings Caffeine Caloric Intake Synonyms Definition Cross-References References and Readings Cancer and Cigarette Smoking Cancer and Diet Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References and Readings Cancer and Physical Activity Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References and Readings Cancer and Smoking Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References and Readings Cancer and Tobacco Smoking Cancer Cachexia Cancer of the Uterine Cervix Cancer Prevention Synonyms Definition Cross-References References and Readings Cancer Risk Perceptions Synonyms Definition Description Risk Perceptions and Health Behavior Risk Perception: The Role of Affect and Cognition Conveying Risk Estimates Summary and Future Directions Cross-References References and Further Reading Cancer Screening/Detection/Surveillance Synonyms Definition Description History of Screening Recommending Authorities Controversial Recommendations Surveillance Cross-References References and Readings Cancer Survivor Cancer Survivorship Synonyms Definition Description Origin Characteristics of Cancer Survivors Seasons of Cancer Survival Long-Term and Late Effects of Cancer and Its Treatment Physical Effects of Cancer and Its Treatment Psychosocial Effects of Cancer and Its Treatment Essentials of Survivorship Care References and Readings Cancer Treatment and Management Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References and Readings Cancer Treatment-Swelling Cancer Types Cancer, Bladder Synonyms Definition Description Bladder Anatomy and Histopathology Bladder Cancer Epidemiology and Risk Factors Bladder Cancer Symptoms and Detection Nonmuscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer (NMIBC) Treatment Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer (MIBC) Treatment Bladder Cancer Surveillance Issues in Bladder Cancer Survivorship Cross-References References and Readings Cancer, Cervical Synonyms Definition Cross-References References and Readings Cancer, Colorectal Synonyms Definition Cross-References References and Readings Cancer, Lymphatic Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References and Further Reading Cancer, Prostate Synonyms Definition Description Prostate Cancer Epidemiology Prostate Cancer Screening Prostate Cancer Diagnosis Prostate Cancer Treatment Current Medical Research and Interventions in Prostate Cancer Current Behavioral Medicine Research and Interventions in Prostate Cancer Cross-References References and Readings Cancer, Testicular Synonyms Definition Description Diagnosis and Treatment Cross-References References and Readings Cancer, Types of Synonyms Definition Cross-References References and Readings Cancer: Psychosocial Treatment Synonyms Definition Description Natural History Indications and Assessment Psychosocial Treatment Modalities Psychosocial Effects of Intervention Biological Effects of Intervention Stepped Care Model of Psychosocial Intervention Cross-References References and Readings Canonical Correlation Definition Cross-References References and Readings Capsaicin Synonyms Definition References and Readings Carbohydrates Synonyms Definition (and Description) Cross-References References and Further Readings Carcinogens Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References Carcinoma Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References Carcinoma of the Prostate Cardiac Cachexia Cardiac Death Synonyms Definition References and Further Reading Cardiac Events References and Further Reading Cardiac Output Definition Cross-References References and Further Reading Cardiac Rehabilitation Synonyms Definition Description Introduction History of Cardiac Rehabilitation Programs Typical Components of Cardiac Rehabilitation Evidence Supporting Cardiac Rehabilitation Guidelines for Cardiac Rehabilitation Cross-References References and Readings Cardiac Risk Factor Cardiac Stress Test Cardiac Surgery Synonyms Definition Cross-References References and Readings Cardiologist Synonyms Definition Cross-References References and Further Reading Cardiology Synonyms Definition Cross-References References and Further Reading Cardiology Expert Cardiothoracic Surgery Cardiovascular Disease Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) Cardiovascular Disease Prevention Synonyms Definition Description Get Regular Health Screenings Limit Tobacco Exposure Engage in Regular Physical Activity Eat a Heart-Healthy Diet Maintain a Healthy Weight Limit Alcohol Use Reduce Stress and Negative Emotionality Conclusions Cross-References References and Readings Cardiovascular Medicine Cardiovascular Medicine Expert Cardiovascular Recovery Definition Description Early Theories of Stress and Recovery Cognitive-Affective Determinants of Poorer Recovery Conclusion Cross-References References and Readings Cardiovascular Response/Reactivity Cardiovascular Risk Factors Synonyms Definition Description Major Cardiovascular Disorders Attributes of Risk Factors Risk Factor Categories Risk Factor Interactions Traditional and Psychosocial Risk Factors Lifestyle as the Major Determinant of CVD Stress and Emotional Dispositions Social Factors Conclusion Cross-References References and Further Readings Cardiovascular Stress Responses Cardiovascular Surgery Care Continuity Care of Older Adults Care Recipients Synonyms Definition References and Readings Career Assessment Career Evaluation Caregiver Acts of Omission Caregiver Burden Caregiver Hassle Caregiver Strain Caregiver/Caregiving and Stress Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References and Readings Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Definition References and Readings Case Reports Synonyms Definition Cross-References References and Further Reading Case Studies Case-Control Studies Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References and Further Reading Case-Crossover Studies Definition Cross-References References and Further Reading Casual Sex CAT Scan Synonyms Definition Cross-References References and Readings Catastrophizing/Catastrophic Thinking Synonyms Definition Cross-References References and Readings Catecholamines General Background Physiological Relevance Control of Release/Synthesis Localization/Molecular Biology Behavioral Effects Causal Diagrams Synonyms Definition Cross-References References and Further Reading Causal Pathway Diagram Causal Pathway Model Cause Marketing Causes Celexa® Cell Adhesion Molecule Cellular Theory of Aging Definition Description Cross-References References and Further Reading Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D Scale) Definition and Description Cross-References References and Further Reading Center for Scientific Review Basic Information Major Impact on the Field Cross-References References and Further Reading Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Central Adiposity Synonyms Definition Cross-References References and Further Reading Central Nervous System Synonyms Definition Description Anatomy Cell Types Neurotransmitter Systems Dopamine Function and Dysfunction of the Dopaminergic System Norepinephrine Serotonin Function and Dysfunction of the 5-HT System Glutamate Gamma-aminobutyric Acid Function and Dysfunction of the GABAergic System Brain Circuits Chances and Limitations of Neuroscience Cross-References References and Readings Central Tendency Definition Cross-References CER Cerebrum Cervical Adenocarcinoma Cessation Intervention (Smoking or Tobacco) Synonyms Definition Background Treatment Relapse Prevention Addressing Smokers Who Are Not Interested in Quitting Summary and Conclusions Cross-References References and Readings CF Changing Character Traits Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References and Readings Characteristics Study Chatbots Chemical Dependency Treatment Chemo, Cancer Chemotherapy Chemokines Chemotherapy Synonyms Definition Cross-References References and Readings Chesney, Margaret Biographical Information Major Accomplishments Cross-References References and Further Reading Chest Pain Synonyms Definition Cross-References References and Readings Child Abuse Synonyms Definition Types Description Prevalence Etiology and Sequelae Cross-References References and Further Reading Child Development Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References and Further Reading Child Neglect Synonyms Definition Types Description Prevalence Etiology and Sequelae Cross-References References and Further Reading Child Psychology Childhood Obesity Childhood Origins of Cardiovascular Disease CHO Choir Cholesterol Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References and Readings Choral Singing Chromosomes Definition Cross-References References and Further Reading Chronic Bronchitis Chronic Care Chronic Condition Chronic Depression Definition Cross-References References and Readings Chronic Depressive Disorder Chronic Disease Management Synonyms Definition Description Chronic Disease Management Models Current Approaches to Chronic Disease Management Challenges of Patient Care Cross-References References and Further Reading Chronic Disease or Illness Definition Description Risk Factors Chronic Disease Management Cross-References References and Readings Chronic Disease Prevention and Management Chronic Fatigue Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Definition Description Comorbidity Prevalence Pathophysiology Treatment Cross-References References and Further Readings Suggested Readings Chronic Inflammatory Polyarthritis Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References and Further Reading Chronic Pain Chronic Pain Patients Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References and Further Reading Chronic Pain, Types of (Cancer, Musculoskeletal, Pelvic), Management of Definition Description Psychological Treatment of Pain Behavioral/Operant Programs Back Schools Cognitive-Behavioral Programs Stress Management Programs Acceptance and Commitment Therapy Risk-Factor-Targeted Interventions Graded Activity and Exposure Choosing Among Different Psychological Interventions Cross-References References and Reading Chronobiology Definition Description Cross-References References and Readings Websites Church Attendance Church-Based Interventions Synonyms Definition Description References and Readings Church-Based Support Cigarette Cigarette Smoking Cigarette Smoking and Health Cigarette Smoking Cessation Circadian Clock Circadian Rhythm Synonyms Definition Cross-References References and Readings Cirrhosis of the Liver Citalopram Civility Classic Migraine Classical Conditioning Synonyms Definition Cross-References References and Further Reading Clinical Agreement Synonyms Definition Cross-References References and Further Reading Clinical Decision-Making Synonyms Definition Cross-References References and Further Reading Clinical Equipoise Clinical Ethics Clinical Guideline Clinical Health Psychology Clinical Practice Guidelines Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References and Readings Clinical Predictors Synonyms Definition Cross-References References and Further Readings Clinical Settings Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References and Further Reading Clinical Study Design Clinical Trial Synonyms Definition Cross-References References and Readings Clusters Definition Cross-References References and Further Reading CMV Coagulation of Blood Synonyms Definition Normal Hemostasis Disturbances of Blood Coagulation Cross-References References and Readings Coding RNA Coffee Coffee Drinking, Effects of Caffeine Synonyms Definition Description Coffee/Caffeine and the Central Nervous System Alertness and Sleep Sensory and Intellectual Abilities Anxiety and Pain Caffeine and Dependence Coffee/Caffeine and Cognition: Normal and Pathological Aging Normal Age-Related Cognitive Decline Coffee and Alzheimer´s Disease Caffeine and Parkinson´s Disease Coffee and the Cardiovascular System Coffee and Cancer Cancers of the Digestive Tract Breast, Ovary, and Endometrial Cancer Prostate, Kidney, Bladder, and Skin Cancer Coffee and Type 2 diabetes Caffeine, Fertility, Pregnancy, Fetal and Neonatal Growth Effects on Fertility Effects on the Course of Pregnancy Effects on Postnatal Development Caffeine and Sports Activity Conclusion Cross-References References and Readings Cognition Cognitions Synonyms Definition Cross-References References and Readings Cognitive Abilities Cognitive Appraisal Synonyms Definition References and Readings Cognitive Behavior Therapy Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) Synonyms Definition Description Brief History of CBT CBT Model of Clinical Symptoms Applications of the CBT Model in Behavioral Medicine Common Elements of CBT Interventions Considerations for CBT in Behavioral Medicine Populations CBT Applications in Behavioral Medicine Cross-References References and Further Reading Cognitive Control Cognitive Deficit Cognitive Disorder Cognitive Evaluation Theory Cognitive Factors Synonyms Definition Cross-References References and Readings Cognitive Function Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References and Readings Cognitive Impairment Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References and Readings Cognitive Impairment Tests Cognitive Mediators Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References and Further Reading Cognitive Psychology Cognitive Reappraisal Cognitive Restructuring Synonyms Definition Cross-References References and Readings Cognitive Status Tests Cognitive Strategies Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References and Further Reading Cognitive Strategy Cognitive Style Cognitive Techniques Cognitive-Behavioral Stress Management Training Cohort Study Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References and Further Reading Cold Pressor Task Cold Pressor Test Synonyms Definition Cross-References References and Readings Colitis Collaborative Care Collaborator Colleague College Students Colorectal Cancer Commissioning Parent Common Cold Synonyms Definition Cross-References References and Readings Common Cold: Cause Synonyms Definition Cross-References References and Readings Common Cold: The Stress Factor Synonyms Definition Cross-References References and Reading Common Disease-Common Variant Definition Cross-References References and Further Reading Common Migraine Common-Sense Model of Self-Regulation Synonyms Definition Description Background Illness Representations Appraisal of Health Threats and Effects of Action Treatment Representations Measurement Interventions and the CSM Concluding Remarks Cross-References References and Readings Communication Skills Synonyms Definition Cross-References References and Further Readings Communication, Nonverbal Synonyms Definition Cross-References References and Further Reading Community Coalitions Synonyms Definition Description Types of Coalitions Community Coalition Action Theory Construct 1: Stages of Development Construct 2: Community Context Construct 3: Lead Agency/Convener Group Construct 4: Coalition Membership Construct 5: Operations and Process Construct 6: Leadership and Staffing Construct 7: Structure Construct 8: Pooled Member and External Resources Construct 9: Member Engagement Construct 10: Assessment and Planning Construct 11: Implementation of Strategies Construct 12: Community Change Outcomes Construct 13: Health and Social Outcomes Construct 14: Community Capacity Coalition Evaluation Cross-References References and Readings Community Collaboration Community Health Advisors Community Health Representatives Community Health Workers (CHW) Community Partnership Community Sample Definition Cross-References References and Further Reading Community-Based Participatory Research Synonyms Definition Research Process Health Behavior Change Ethical Considerations Cross-References References and Further Reading Community-Based Research Comorbidity Synonyms Definition Description Implications for Treatment and Clinical Care Conclusion Cross-References References and Further Readings Comparative Effectiveness Methodology Comparative Effectiveness Research Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References and Further Reading Comparator Group Compassion Complex Intervention Complex Traits Definition Cross-References References and Further Reading Compliance Complications of Atherosclerosis Complimentary and Alternative Medicine Composition Computed Axial Tomography Computed Tomography Computed Transaxial Tomography Computer Cartography Computer Use Computer-Based Patient Record Computerized Axial Tomography Computerized Axial Tomography (CAT) Scan Synonyms Definition Cross-References References and Readings Computerized Simulation Computerized Tomography (CT) Concentration Concordance Definition References and Further Reading Concurrent Control Concussion Conditioned Response Condom Protected Sex Condom Use Synonyms Definition Description References and Readings Confidentiality Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References and Readings Confounding Influence Definition Cross-References Congestive Heart Failure Synonyms Description References and Further Reading Conjecture Consensus Guideline CONSORT Guidelines Synonyms Definition Cross-References References and Readings Construct Validity Definition Cross-References References and Further Reading Constructive Coping Consumer Health Consumer Health Informatics Synonyms Definition Description Introduction Background and Definitions State of the Science Future Implications Conclusion Cross-References References and Further Readings Contemplation Context Effect Continuity of Care Synonyms Definition References and Further Reading Continuous Glucose Monitor Systems References and Further Reading Continuous Subcutaneous Insulin Infusion Contraception Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References and Further Readings Control Control Group Synonyms Definition Cross-References References and Further Reading Control Group of a Randomized Trial Conversational Agents Cook-Medley Hostility Scale Definition Cross-References References and Readings Coping Definition Description Distinctions and Groupings Among Coping Responses Problem-Focused Versus Emotion-Focused Coping Engagement Versus Disengagement Accommodative Coping and Meaning-Focused Coping Stepping Back Relations Between Coping and Well-Being Cross-References References and Further Reading Coping Skills Training Coping Strategies Coping with Stress Copy Number Variant (CNV) Synonyms Definition Cross-References References and Further Reading Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG) Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References and Readings Coronary Artery Disease Coronary Event References and Further Reading Coronary Heart Disease Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References and Further Reading Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) Coronary Vasoconstriction Definition Description Coronary Vasoconstriction in Acute Coronary Syndromes and Variant (Prinzmetal´s) Angina Cross-References References and Readings Cortical Activity Cortical Dementia Corticosteroids Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone (CRH) Definition Cross-References References and Further Reading Cortisol Definition Description Biosynthesis and Basic Characteristics Cortisol in Blood and Tissue Physiological Actions Mechanisms of Signal Transduction Effects of Cortisol Prenatal Effects: Fetal Organ Maturation Effects on Carbohydrate, Protein, and Lipid Metabolism Effects on Electrolyte Metabolism Immunological Effects Effects on Brain and Cognition Regulation Overview Basal Secretion Response to Physiological and Psychological Stress Measurement Blood Plasma or Serum Saliva Urine Hair Cross-References References and Further Reading Cortisone Cost Analysis Cost Identification Cost-Benefit Analysis (CBA) Cost-Comparison Analysis Cost-Effectiveness Definition Description The Decision Rules of CEA Extending Economic Evaluation to Identify Efficiency Improvements Cross-References References and Further Readings Cost-Effectiveness Analysis Cost-Effectiveness Analysis (CEA) Cost-Minimization Analysis Synonyms Definition Cross-References References and Readings Cost-Utility Analysis (CUA) Couple Therapy Couple-Focused Therapy Synonyms Definition Behavior-Focused Therapy Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy Psychoanalytical Therapy Emotion-Focused Therapy Integrative Therapy Cross-References References and Readings Covariance Components Model Co-workers Synonyms Definition Cross-References References and Further Readings C-Reactive Protein (CRP) Synonyms Definition Cross-References References and Further Reading Crohn´s Disease (CD) References and Further Reading Cross-Border Reproductive Care Cross-Cultural Cohort Study Crossover Design Synonyms Definition Cross-References Cross-Sectional Study Definition Cross-References References and Further Reading CT Scan Cultural and Ethnic Differences Definition Description Implications Cross-References References and Readings Cultural Awareness Cultural Competence Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References and Reading Cultural Factors Synonyms Definition Description Association Between Cultural Factors, Health Behaviors, and Racial and Ethnic Background Measurement of Cultural Factors Integration of Cultural Factors into Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Conclusions Cross-References References and Readings Cultural Sensitivity Custodian CVD Prevention Cynical Distrust Cynical Hostility Cynicism Cystic Fibrosis Synonyms Definition Cross-References References and Readings Cytokine-Induced Depression Cytokines Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References and Further Reading Cytomegalovirus Synonyms Definition Description Background Cytomegalovirus Infection Cytomegalovirus Infection, Chronic Disease, and Mortality Cytomegalovirus Infection and Its Relevance to Behavioral Medicine Summary Cross-References References and Further Readings Cytotoxic T Cell Differentiation Factor D Daily Diary Daily Hassles Daily Life Skills Daily Mood Variation Daily Stress Synonyms Definition Description References and Readings Dangerous Drinking Data Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References Database Development and Management Definition Description Cross-References References and Further Reading Dean Ornish Death Death Anxiety Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References and Readings Death Rate Death, Sudden Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References and Further Reading Decision Aid Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References and Further Reading Decision Analysis Decision Authority Decision Latitude Decision Support Tool Deep Sleep Defense Mechanism Defensive Coping Defensive Denial Defensiveness Synonyms Definition Description Defensive Cognitive Processing Physiological Effects of Defensiveness Increased Prevalence of Morbidity and Mortality Among Defensive Copers Cross-References References and Readings Degenerative Diseases: Disc or Spine Definition References and Readings Degenerative Diseases: Joint Synonyms Definition References and Readings Degenerative Parkinsonism Degrees of Freedom Definition Description Cross-References Dekker, Joost Biographical Information Major Accomplishments Cross-References References and Reading Delay Discounting Deliberate Self-Harm Delta Sleep Dementia Synonyms Definition Description Other Dementias Treatable Dementia Rapidly Progressive Dementia (RPD) Assessment of Dementia Prevention of Dementia Cross-References References and Readings Dementia Screening Tests Dementing Illness Demographics Synonyms Definition Cross-References Demyelinating Disease Denial Synonyms Definition Description Defensive Denial Malignant Denial Denial versus Avoidance Cross-References References and Readings Dependence, Drug Synonyms Definition Description Determinants of Dependence Behavioral/Psychological and Physical Dependence Acquisition, Maintenance, and Elimination of Drug Dependence Cross-References References and Readings Depression Depression Assessment Depression Diagnosis Depression: Measurement Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References and Readings Depression: Symptoms Synonyms Definition Description References and Reading Depression: Treatment Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References and Reading Depressive Episode Descriptive Data Design Thinking Determinants Developmental Disabilities Synonyms Definition Description Epidemiology Etiology Diagnosis Intervention/Current Best Practices References and Further Reading Developmental Psychology Deviance Dex Suppression Test Dex Test Dexamethasone Suppression Test Synonyms Definition Cross-References References and Further Reading DHA Diabesity in Children Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References and Readings Diabetes Synonyms Definition References and Readings Diabetes Education Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References and Readings Diabetes Foot Care Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References Diabetes Prevention Program Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References and Readings Diabetes: Psychosocial Factors Definition Description Adaptation and Self-management After Diagnosis Social Support Quality of Life Psychiatric Comorbidity Eating Disorders Anxiety Depression Sexual Problems Conclusion Cross-References References and Reading Diabetic Foot Care Diabetic Neuropathy Synonyms Definition Cross-References References and Readings Diabetologist (Diabetes Specialist) Synonyms Definition Cross-References References and Further Reading Diagnostic Criteria Diagnostic Features of Depression Diagnostic Interview Diagnostic Interview Schedule Synonyms Definition Cross-References References and Further Reading Dialogue Systems Diaries Synonyms Definition Advantages Disadvantages Cross-References References and Further Readings Diastolic Blood Pressure (DBP) Synonyms Definition Cross-References References and Further Reading Diathesis-Stress Model Synonyms Definition Description History Diatheses The Role of Stress Specifying Diathesis-Stress Models Current State of Stress-Diathesis Models Cross-References References and Readings Diet and Cancer Dietary Fatty Acids Dietary Lipids Absorption Dietary Requirements Dietary Supplement Differential Psychology Diffuse Optical Imaging (DOI) Diffusion Digital Health Coaching Synonyms Definition Description Benefits Challenges and Future Directions Conclusion Cross-References References and Further Reading Digital Health Technologies Digital Health Trial Methodology Digital Media Digital Native Synonyms Definition Description References and Further Reading Digital Relational Agents Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References and Further Reading Dimeric Glycoprotein Dimsdale, Joel E. Major Accomplishments References and Further Readings DIS Disability Synonyms Definition Description Conceptualizing Disability Measuring Disability Cross-References References and Readings Disability Assessment Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) Definition Cross-References References and Readings Disclosure Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References and Further Readings Discrimination Discrimination and Health Synonyms Definition Cross-References References and Further Readings Disease Acuity Disease Burden Definition References and Further Readings Disease Management Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References and Readings Disease Manifestation Disease Onset Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References and Readings Disease Severity Synonyms Definition Disease Severity Index Disinhibition Dispersion Synonyms Definition Cross-References Disposition Dispositional Optimism Synonyms Definition Cross-References References and Readings Dispositional Pessimism Dissemination Synonyms Definition References and Readings Dissemination and Implementation Distant Intercessory Prayer Definition Description Cross-References References and Readings Distraction (Coping Strategy) Synonyms Definition Cross-References References and Readings Distress Distressed Personality Type Disuse Atrophy Diuretic Synonyms Definition References and Readings Diurnal Mood Variation Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References and Readings Diurnal Rhythms in Mood Diversion Diversity Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References and Readings Divorce and Health Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References and Readings Dizygotic Twins Synonyms Definition Cross-References References and Further Reading DNA Synonyms Definition The Relevance of Genetics for Behavioral Medicine Cross-References References and Readings DNA-Methylation DNR Order Synonyms Definition Description Do Not Resuscitate Order: DNR Cross-References References and Readings Doctor-Patient Communication: Why and How Communication Contributes to the Quality of Medical Care Synonyms Description Why Medical Communication Is Important How Communication Is Assessed Future Directions for Improving Medical Communication Cross-References References and Readings Doctor-Patient Interactions Domestic Violence Dominance Dominant Inheritance Definition Cross-References References and Further Reading Dopamine Definition Description Anatomy Transmission Function Cross-References References and Readings Dorsal Hypothalamic Area Dorsalgia Dorsomedial Nucleus Dose: Intensity, Response Definition Cross-References References and Readings Double-Blind Study Definition Cross-References Drinking Drug Abuse Drug Abuse: Treatment Drug and Alcohol Treatment Drug Dependence Treatment Drug Development Drug Rehabilitation Drug, Adverse Effects/Complications Synonyms Definition References and Readings DST Dual Diagnosis Dual Process Models of Health Behavior Dual Systems Models Dunbar-Jacob, Jacqueline Biographical Information Major Accomplishments Cross-References References and Reading Dyadic Stress Dynorphins Dysfunctional/Dysfunction Dyslipidemia Synonyms Definition Etiology Clinical Evaluation and Intervention Cross-References References and Readings Dyspnea Synonyms Definition Cross-References References and Further Reading Dysrhythmia Dysthymia Synonyms Definition Description Epidemiology and Risk Factors Treatment Cross-References References and Readings Dysthymic Disorder E Early Detection Eating Behavior Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References and Readings Eating Disorders: Anorexia and Bulimia Nervosa Definition Prevalence Etiology Comorbidities Cross-References References and Readings Eating Habits Eating Practices EBV ECG Ecologic Bias Ecological Fallacy Synonyms Definition Cross-References References and Further Reading Ecological Framework Ecological Models: Application to Physical Activity Synonyms Definition Description History of Ecological Models Ecological Models and Physical Activity Strengths and Limitations of Ecological Models in Physical Activity Research Cross-References References and Readings Ecological Momentary Assessment Definition Description References and Further Readings Ecology Ecosystems, Stable and Sustainable Synonyms Definition Description Ecosystem Services and Human Well-Being Human Health Psychological Health and Ecosystem Cultural Services Supporting Ecosystem Services Prospects Solutions Cross-References References and Further Reading E-Counselling Edema Education, Lack of: As a Risk Factor Synonyms Definition Cross-References References and Further Readings Education, Patient Synonyms Definition Cross-References References and Further Readings EEG Effect Modification Definition Cross-References References and Further Reading Efficacy Definition Cross-References References and Further Reading Efficacy Cognitions Definition Description Cross-References References and Further Readings Egg Donation Egg Donor Ego-Depletion eHealth eHealth and Behavioral Intervention Technologies Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References and Readings eHealth Cost-Benefit Analysis eHealth Cost-Effectiveness Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References and Further Reading eHealth Economic Evaluation eHealth/mHealth Trial Methodology Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References and Further Reading Elderly Synonyms Definition Cross-References Electrocardiogram (EKG) Synonyms Definition Cross-References References and Further Reading Electrodermal Activity (EDA) Definition Description What Is Electrodermal Activity? Applications of Electrodermal Activity Psychological and Psychosomatic Illness Therapeutic Applications of Electrodermal Activity Conclusion References and Readings Electronic Health Record Synonyms Definition Description References and Further Readings Electronic Medical Record Electronic Patient Record Elevated Blood Pressure Embryo Donation Emotion Emotion Modulation Emotion Regulation Synonyms Definition Cross-References References and Further Reading Emotional Control Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References and Further Reading Emotional Disclosure Emotional Disorder Emotional Distress Emotional Expression Definition Description Cross-References References and Further Reading Emotional Reactions Emotional Responses Synonyms Definition Cross-References References and Further Readings Emotions: Positive and Negative Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References and Reading Empathy Synonyms Definition Description References and Further Readings Emphysema Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References and Readings Employee Appraisal Employee Assistance Programs (EAP) Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References and Further Readings Employer-Sponsored Assistance Programs Employment Employment Status Empowerment Definition Cross-References References and Readings Endocrine Gland Endocrinologist Endocrinology Synonyms Definition Cross-References References and Further Reading End-of-Life Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References and Further Reading End-of-Life Care Synonyms Definition Description Issues for Patients (Advance Care Planning) Issues for Healthcare Professionals Issues for Caregivers Ethical Issues Cross-References References and Further Readings End-of-Life Care Preferences End-of-Life Issues Endogenous Morphine Endogenous Opioids/Endorphins/Enkephalin Synonyms Definition Description Classification of Opioid Peptides and Receptors Distribution of Opioid Peptides and Receptors Role of Opioids in Stress, Neuroendocrine Reactivity, and Homeostasis Opioids in Health and Disease Appetitive Mechanisms Maintaining Chemical and Behavioral Dependencies Acute and Chronic Pain Depression and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) Cardiovascular Disease Opioids and Behavioral Therapies Summary Cross-References References and Further Reading Endometriosis Definition Description Cross-References References and Further Reading Endomorphins Endothelial Function Synonyms Definition Description Assessing Endothelial Function Cross-References References and Further Reading Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase (eNOS) End-Stage Renal Disease Synonyms Definition Description Cause, Symptoms, and Diagnosis of ESRD Prevalence of ESRD in the US Population Treatments for ESRD Adherence to ESRD Treatments Determinants and Interventions Related to ESRD Adherence Depression and ESRD Cross-References References and Readings Energy Energy In Energy Intake Energy: Expenditure, Intake, Lack of Definition References and Further Reading Engel, George Biographical Information Major Accomplishments Cross-References References and Further Readings Engineering Psychology Environmental Tobacco Smoke EPA Epidemiological Studies Epidemiological Study Epidemiology Definition Cross-References References and Further Reading Epigenetics Definition Description Cross-References References and Readings Epinephrine Background Physiological Relevance Control of Release/Synthesis Localization and Molecular Biology Behavioral Actions Epistasis Epstein-Barr Virus Synonyms Definition References and Readings Equilibrium Equipoise Erectile Dysfunction Synonyms Definition Description Pathophysiology Diagnosis Treatment Cross-References References and Readings Ergonomics Ergotherapy Escape-Avoidance Coping Definition Description References and Further Reading Escitalopram ESM Essential Fatty Acids Synonyms Definition Cross-References References and Readings Estrogen Synonyms Definition Cross-References References and Readings E-Therapy Ethical Issues Synonyms Definition Cross-References Ethics Definition Cross-References References and Readings Ethics Committee Synonyms Definition References and Further Reading Ethnic Identity Ethnicity Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References and Readings Ethnicity Subgroups Etiology/Pathogenesis Definition Etiology Pathogenesis Cross-References References and Readings Euthanasia Synonyms Definition References and Readings Evaluation Evaluation of Potential Public Health Impact Evaluations Event Sampling Event-Related Optical Imaging (EROI) Everyday Problems Evidence Hierarchy Evidence-Based Behavioral Medicine (EBBM) Synonyms Definition Description History of Evidence-Based Practice From EBM to EBBM From EBBM to EBBP to, Simply, EBP: The Conceptual Model Health Professionals´ Roles in EBP The Five Steps of Evidence-Based Practice Educational Resources Cross-References References and Further Readings Evidence-Based Behavioral Practice Evidence-Based Medicine Evidence-Based Practice Evidence-Based Psychological Practice Excess Weight Excessive Drinking Executive Control Resources Executive Function Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References and Further Readings Exercise Synonyms Definition Description Domains of Physical Activity Types of Physical Activity Physical Activity Intensity Levels Benefits of Physical Activity Physical Activity Recommendations Prevalence of Physical Activity in the United States Cross-References References and Readings Exercise and Cancer Exercise Is Medicine Exercise Prescription Exercise Testing Synonyms Definition Cross-References References and Further Reading Exercise Tolerance Test Exercise, Benefits of Exercise-General Category Exergames Exhaustion Expanded Attributional Style Questionnaire (EASQ) Expectancy Expectancy Effect Expectations of Recovery Measure Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References and Further Reading Experience Sampling Synonyms Definition Cross-References References and Further Reading Experience Sampling Method Experimental Design Experimental Designs Definition Cross-References References and Further Reading Experimental Group Definition Cross-References References and Further Reading Explanations Explanatory Models of Illness Definition Cross-References References and Further Readings Explanatory Style Definition Cross-References References and Further Readings Exploratory Study Expression Pattern Expressive Art Therapy Expressive Writing and Health Synonyms Definition Description Origins Expressive Writing Interventions and Variations Effects of Expressive Writing Who Benefits from Expressive Writing? How Does Expressive Writing Work? Cross-References References and Further Reading Ex-Smokers Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References and Readings Extended Life Orientation Test (E-LOT) External Locus of Control Synonyms Definition Description External Locus of Control Cross-References References and Readings Extrinsic Religiousness (Religiosity) Definition Description Cross-References References and Readings Eye Tracker Eye Tracking Synonyms Definition Description Eye Movement Measurement Methodologies Basic Operating Principles of Remote Eye Trackers Applications Cross-References References and Further Reading F Factorial Experimental Designs Failure Faith and Health Faith Community Interventions Faith-Based Interventions Fall Risk Behavior Definition Description References and Further Readings False Negative False Positive False-Negative Error Synonyms Definition Cross-References References and Further Reading False-Positive Error Synonyms Definition Cross-References References and Further Reading Family Family Aggregation Synonyms Definition Cross-References References and Readings Family Aid Family and Medical Leave Act Synonyms Definition Eligibility Job Restoration References and Readings Family and Medical Leave Act of 1993, The Family Assistance Synonyms Definition The Office of Family Assistance Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) The Child Care and Development Fund (CCDF) Programs Other Forms of Economic Family Assistance Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) Low Income Home Energy Assistance Program (LIHEAP) Noneconomic Forms of Family Assistance Cross-References References and Readings Family Caretaker Family Concordance Family Medicine Family Nurse Practitioner Family Physician Family Planning Synonyms Definition Description Introduction Contraception Options and Use Methods of Birth Control Among US Women, 2006-2008 Access to Contraception Abortion Definition Epidemiology Health Impact Cross-References References and Readings Family Practice Family Practice/Medicine Synonyms Definition Cross-References References and Reading Family Social Support Synonyms Definition Description Associations with Health Outcomes Cross-References References and Further Reading Family Stress Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References and Further Reading Family Studies (Genetics) Definition Description References and Further Reading Family Systems Theory Synonyms Definition Cross-References References and Readings Family Therapy Family Violence Synonyms Definition Description Types of Family Violence Cross-References References and Readings Family, Caregiver Synonyms Definition Cross-References References and Reading Family, Income Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References and Readings Family, Relationships Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References and Further Readings Family, Structure Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References and Reading Fasting Glucose Synonyms Definition Cross-References References and Readings Fasting Insulin Synonyms Definition Cross-References References and Readings Fasting Sugar Fat Absorption Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References and Further Reading Fat Mass Fat Metabolism Fat, Dietary Intake Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References and Readings Fat: Saturated, Unsaturated Synonyms Definition Description Types of Fats Unhealthy Fats Saturated Fats Trans Fats Healthy Fats Monounsaturated Fats Polyunsaturated Fats Recommendations Cross-References References and Further Readings Fatalism Definition Description Cross-References References and Readings Fatality Fat-Free Mass Fatigue Synonyms Definition Description Diagnosis Lifestyle Factors Illness-Related Fatigue Drugs and Medication Side Effects Treatment of Fatigue Summary Cross-References References and Readings Fatty Acids, Free Synonyms Definition Cross-References References and Further Reading Fatty Acids-Unesterified Fear Fear and Fear Avoidance Definition Cross-References References and Further Readings Fear of Death Fear of Hospitals Feasibility Study Definition Description Cross-References Feeling Feeling State Feminine Role FHS Fibrinogen Synonyms Definition Cross-References References and Readings Fibrinolysis Definition Cross-References References and Readings Fibromyalgia Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References and Readings Fibromyalgia Syndrome Fibrositis Fish Oil Fissure Fitness Test Five-Factor Model of Personality Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References and Readings Flight-or-Fight Response Flourishing Fluid Pill Fluoxetine Fluvoxamine FMLA Focus Groups Synonyms Definition References and Readings Folk Health Beliefs Folk Theories Follow-Up Study Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References and Further Reading Food Control Food Pyramid Food Safety Synonyms Definition Cross-References References and Readings Food Supplement Forgiveness Definition Cross-References References and Further Readings Former Smokers FOS Frailty Assessment Framingham Heart Study Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References and Further Reading Framingham Offspring Study Synonyms Definition Cross-References References and Further Reading Fraternal Twins Free-Radical Theory of Aging Definition Cross-References References and Readings Frequency Analysis Frontal Full Term Newborn Functional Capacity Evaluation Definition Description Context and Uses of Functional Capacity Evaluation Scientific Basis of Functional Capacity Evaluation FCE Performance as an Indicator of Effort Summary References and Further Readings Functional Capacity, Disability, and Status Synonyms Definition Description References and Readings Functional Health Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) Definition Description Cross-References References and Readings Functional Somatic Symptoms Functional Somatic Syndromes Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References and Readings Functional Testing G Gamification Gaming Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) Definition References and Readings Gastric Ulcers and Stress Synonyms Definition Description Signs and Symptoms Causes Stress Diagnosis Treatment Cross-References References and Readings Gastrin-Releasing Peptide (GRP) Definition Cross-References References and Further Readings Gate Control Theory of Pain Synonyms Definition Description Gate Mechanism Influence of the Brain on Pain Impact and Critique Cross-References References and Readings Gay Men´s Health Crisis Definition Description Cross-References References and Further Readings Gaze Tracking GDS GDS-15 GDS-4 Gender Gender Differences Definition References and Readings Gender Expression Gender Norms Gender Role Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References and Further Reading Gene Synonyms Definition Cross-References References and Further Readings Gene Expression Synonyms Definition Cross-References References and Further Readings Gene Methylation Gene Regulation Gene-Environment Interaction Synonyms Definition Cross-References References and Further Readings Gene-Gene Interaction Synonyms Definition Cross-References References and Further Readings General Adaptation Syndrome Synonyms Definition Description Development General Adaptation Syndrome Stages Impact and Critique References and Readings General Internist General Population Definition Description Cross-References General Practice General Practitioner (GP) Generalizability Definition Cross-References References and Further Readings Genetic Consultation Genetic Counseling Synonyms Definition Cross-References References and Further Readings Genetic Material Genetic Testing, Psychological Implications Synonyms Definition Description Psychological Impact of Genetic Testing Purpose of Testing Individual Perceptions, Expectations and Coping Cross-References References and Further Readings Genetics Definition Cross-References References and Further Readings Genital Blisters, Sores, or Lesions Genital Herpes Synonyms Definition References and Readings Genital Herpes Infection Genome-Wide Association Study (GWAS) Synonyms Definition Cross-References References and Further Readings Genomics Definition Cross-References References and Further Readings Genotype Definition Cross-References References and Further Readings Geographic Information System (GIS) Technology Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References and Further Readings Geriatric Depression Scale Synonyms Definition Cross-References References and Readings Geriatric Medicine Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References and Readings Geriatrics Gerontology Synonyms Definition Cross-References References and Readings Gestation Synonyms Definition Description A Biopsychosocial Approach to Pregnancy Pregnancy-Induced Alterations of the Endocrine and the Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) The Maternal Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) Axis The Fetal HPA Axis and its Interaction with the Placenta and the Maternal HPA Axis The Maternal ANS During Gestation The Fetal ANS and its Interaction with the Placenta and the Maternal ANS Stress Reactivity Medical Complications During Gestation Psychosocial and Behavioral Factors Influencing Gestation Psychological Maladaptation During Gestation Potential Consequences of Maternal Stress Overexposure and Mental Health Problems During Gestation Prevention and Treatment of Stress and Mental Health Problems During Gestation Cross-References References and Readings Gestational Carrier Ghrelin Definition Cross-References References and Readings Girth Glucocorticoids Synonyms Definition Description Effects of Glucocorticoids Cross-References References and Readings Glucometer Glucose Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References and Readings Glucose Meters and Strips Synonyms Definition Cross-References References and Further Reading Glucose Test Glucose: Levels, Control, Intolerance, and Metabolism Synonyms Definition Description Blood Glucose Homeostasis Glucose Intolerance and Diabetes Mellitus Blood Glucose Management Cross-References References and Readings Glycated Hemoglobin Glycemia Glycemia: Control, Load-High Synonyms Definition Cross-References References and Reading Glycemic Index Glycosylated Hemoglobin Synonyms Definition Cross-References References and Readings Goals Gonadal Female Hormones Goodness of Fit Hypothesis Definition Cross-References References and Further Readings Grade of Activity Graded Exercise Synonyms Definition Cross-References References and Further Reading Graded Exercise Test Graded Exposure Counterconditioning Grave Yard Shift Gravidity Grief Grief Counseling Synonyms Definition Cross-References References and Further Readings Grief Therapy Grieving Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References and Further Readings Group Interview Group Singing Group Therapy/Intervention Synonyms Definition Cross-References References and Further Readings Group Treatment Grown Guided Imagery Synonyms Definition Cross-References References and Further Reading Guided Internet Intervention Guideline Guidelines for Reporting Randomized Controlled Trials Gut Microbiome Synonyms Definition Description Food as a Major Influence Examination of the Role of Prebiotics, Probiotics, and Fecal Microbial Transplantation as Therapeutic Devices Concluding Comments Cross-References References and Further Reading Gut Microbiota GWA Study GxE GxG Gyrus/Gyri (pl) H Habilitation Habit Strength Synonyms Definition Cross-References References and Readings Habitual Automaticity Habitual Performance HADS Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale Definition Cross-References References and Readings Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D) Definition References and Readings Handgrip Strength Definition Cross-References References and Further Readings Happiness Happiness and Health Synonyms Definition Description What Is Positive Affect? Measuring Positive Affect Associations Between Positive Affect and Health How Could Positive Affect Improve Health? Critiques and Future Directions General Conclusions Cross-References References and Further Readings Hardiness Hardiness and Health Synonyms Definition Description Associations Between Hardiness and Health Controversies Regarding Hardiness and Health Associations Conclusion Cross-References References and Further Reading Harm Minimization Harm Reduction Synonyms Definition Cross-References References and Readings Harmful Drinking Hayman, Laura L. Biographical Information Major Accomplishments References and Further Reading HbA1c Synonyms Definition Cross-References References and Readings Head Injury Headache with Aura Headaches, Types of: Cluster, Migraine, and Tension Definition Description Cluster Headache Migraine Tension-Type Headache Cross-References References and Further Reading Headaches: Psychological Management Definition Description Cross-References References and Further Reading Health Health Anxiety Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References and Further Reading Health Assessment Health Assessment Questionnaire Synonyms Definition Cross-References References and Further Readings Health Behavior Change Health Behavior Intervention Health Behavior Predictors Health Behavior Variables Health Behaviors Health Beliefs Health Beliefs/Health Belief Model Definition Description Cross-References References and Readings Health Care Definition Health Care Access Definition Health Care System Definition Cross-References References and Readings Health Care Utilization Definition Description Cross-References References and Readings Health Coaching Health Communication Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References and Readings Health Consequences of Smoking Health Disparities Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References Health Economics Definition Description Health as a Commodity Health Care as a Commodity References and Readings Health Education Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References and Further Reading Health Gaming Synonyms Definition Description Points of Consideration Future Directions Cross-References References and Further Reading Health Inequalities Health Inequities Health Informatics Health Information Avoidance Health Information Record Health Information Systems Health Insurance Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) Synonyms Definition Cross-References References and Readings Health Insurance: Comparisons Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References and Reading Health Literacy Synonyms Definition Cross-References References and Readings Health Navigators Health Outcomes Research Definition Cross-References References and Further Readings Health Phobia Health Plan Health Planning Health Policy/Health-Care Policy Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References and Readings Health Program Health Promotion Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Health Psychology Synonyms Definition Cross-References References and Further Readings Health Risk Health Risk (Behavior) Definition Health Science Health Self-Management Health Strategy Health-Related Quality of Life Synonyms Definition HRQoL as an Outcome HRQoL in Children Cross-References References and Readings Healthy Cities Definition Cross-References References and Further Readings Healthy Eating Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References and Readings Healthy Eating Guide Healthy Lifestyle Healthy-Years Equivalents (HYEs) Hearing Disturbances Hearing Impairment Hearing Impairment (Noise Pollution Related) Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References and Readings Hearing Loss Synonyms Definition Description References and Readings Heart Definition Description Cross-References References and Readings Heart and Estrogen/Progestin Replacement Study (HERS) Definition Description References and Reading Heart Bypass Surgery Heart Disease Definition Cross-References Heart Disease and Cardiovascular Reactivity Synonyms Definition Cross-References References and Readingds Heart Disease and Emotions: Anger, Anxiety, Depression Definition Description Cross-References References and Readings Heart Disease and Smoking Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References and Further Readings Heart Disease and Stress Definition Description Cross-References References and Further Reading Heart Disease and Type A Behavior Definition Description Cross-References References and Further Reading Heart Doctor Heart Failure Synonyms Definition Cross-References References and Further Reading Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction (HFpEF) Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction (HFrEF) Heart Patients Heart Rate Synonyms Definition Cross-References References and Further Reading Heart Rate Variability Synonyms Definition Heart Rate Variability Measures of HRV Cross-References References and Readings Heart Rate Variability (HRV) Heavy Episodic Drinking Height Helplessness Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Description Cross-References References and Further Readings Hemodynamic Definition Description References and Readings Hemodynamic Response/Reactivity Hemodynamic Stress Responses Hemoglobin A1c Hemostasis Hepatitis C and Cognitive Functioning Synonyms Definition Description Etiology Epidemiology Diagnosis Treatment Implications for Practice Cross-References References and Further Readings Hepatitis Types A, B, C Definition Description Cross-References References and Readings Hepatocyte Stimulating Factor Herbal Medicines Synonyms Definition Description References and Further Readings Heritability Definition Description Interpretation Calculations Cross-References References and Further Readings Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) Infection Heterogeneity Heterozygous Definition Cross-References References and Further Readings HHV5 Hidden Variable Hierarchical Linear Modeling (HLM) Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References and Further Reading Hierarchy of Evidence Synonyms Definition Cross-References References and Further Readings High Blood Pressure High Blood Pressure Medications High Cholesterol High-Risk Drinking HIPAA Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos Synonyms Description Cross-References References and Readings Hispanic Health Hispanic/Latino Health Synonyms Definition Description Background Defining Latinos in the USA Demographics Socioeconomic Profile Latino Health Status Perceived Health Diabetes Cardiovascular Disease Cancer Infectious Conditions The Hispanic Mortality Paradox Future Directions Cross-References References and Reading Histamine Synonyms Definition Cross-References References and Further Reading HIV and Cognitive Functioning Synonyms Definition Description Etiology Diagnosis Treatment Implications for Practice Cross-References References and Further Readings HIV Infection Synonyms Definition Description HIV Infection: Prevalence HIV Infection: Incidence Stages of HIV Infection HIV Transmission HIV Diagnosis HIV Treatment Cross-References References and Readings HIV Prevention Synonyms Definition Description References and Readings HIV Status HIV Wasting HIV-Associated Dementia (HAD) HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Decline HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorder Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References and Further Reading HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorder (HAND) HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors Holistic Medicine Home Health Care Definition Description Cross-References References and Readings Homeostasis Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References and Readings Homocysteine Synonyms Definition Description References and Readings Homozygous Definition Cross-References References and Further Readings Hooking Up Hope Definition Description Interventions to Increase Hope Critique Cross-References References and Further Reading Hopelessness Definition Cross-References References and Further Readings Hormone System Hormone Theory of Aging Hormone Therapy Hormone Treatment Synonyms Definition Cross-References References and Readings Hormones Hospice Synonyms Definition Description History Goals and Services Cross-References References and Further Readings Hospice Care Hospice Programs Hospice Services Hospices Hospital Anxiety Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References and Further Reading Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale Synonyms Definition Cross-References References and Further Readings Hospital Stress Hostile Affect Hostility Synonyms Definition Description Measurement Hostility and Health Hostility and Pathways to CVD Hostility and Non-CVD Hostility and Mental Health Sociodemographic Characteristics Hostility in Children and Adolescents Summary Cross-References References and Further Reading Hostility, Cynical Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References and Further Reading Hostility, Measurement of Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References and Further Reading Hostility, Psychophysiological Responses Synonyms Definition Description Summary Cross-References References and Further Reading Household Income HPA Axis Negative Feedback Testing HPA Axis Stimulation Tests HPV HRmax HSCH2CH2CH(NH2)CO2H HSV-1 HSV-2 Human Factors/Ergonomics Synonyms Definition Description Medication Adherence Drug Display for Anesthesia Delivery Adherence Engineering: Equipment Kit to Reduce Infections Simulation-Based Training Conclusion Cross-References References and Further Reading Human Genome Project Definition Cross-References References and Further Readings Human Herpesvirus 5 Human Herpesvirus-4 (HHV-4) Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References and Readings Human Subjects Committee Synonyms Definition The Belmont Report and the Protection of Human Subjects Cross-References References and Readings Human Subjects Protections Human-Centered Data Science Hybridoma Growth Factor Hybridoma Plasmacytoma Growth Factor Hypercholesterolemia Hyperglycemia Synonyms Definition Cross-References References and Readings Hyperinsulinemia Synonyms Definition Cross-References References and Further Readings Hyperlipidemia Synonyms Definition Description Risk Factors Screening Screening Recommendations Treatment Cross-References References and Readings Hypertension Synonyms Definition Cross-References References and Further Reading Hypertriglyceridemia Hypertrophy Synonyms Definition References and Readings Hypochondriasis Synonyms Definition Description Epidemiology Evaluation Treatment/Best Practices Cross-References References and Further Reading Hypoglycemia Synonyms Definition Cross-References References and Further Readings Hypothalamic Nuclei Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis Definition Cross-References References and Further Reading Hypothalamus Synonyms Definition Description References and Readings Hypothesis Testing Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References and Further Readings Hypothetical Construct Hypothetical Variable I Iatrogenic Conditions Synonyms Definition Description Adverse Drug Events Therapeutic or Diagnostic Interventions Nosocomial Infections Environmental Factors Cross-References References and Further Readings ICSI Ideas Identical Twins Idiopathic Raynaud´s Phenomenon Illness Anxiety Disorder Illness Behavior Synonyms Definition Cross-References References and Further Readings Illness Cognitions and Perceptions Synonyms Definition Description Information-Processing Models The Common-Sense Model of Self-regulation (CSM) Illness Cognitions and Illness Management Abnormal Illness Cognitions and Perceptions Treatment Implications Cross-References References and Further Readings Illness Fatigue Illness Perceptions Questionnaire (IPQ-R) Definition References and Further Reading Illness Representation Model Illness Representations Imaging Immune Function Synonyms Definition Description The White Blood Cells Innate and Adaptive Immunity Cytokines: The Messenger Molecules of the Immune System The Blood, the Lymphatic System, and the Lymphoid Organs The Immune Response and Inflammation Cross-References References and Further Reading Immune Responses to Stress Synonyms Definition Description Introduction What Is Stress? Physiological Effects of Stress Stress, Immune Function, and Disease Stress and Immune Function in Healthy Populations Models of PNI Conclusion Cross-References References and Further Reading Immune-Senescence Immunity Synonyms Definition Cross-References References and Further Reading Immunogerontology Immunoglobulins Synonyms Definition Cross-References References and Further Reading Immunosenescence Synonyms Definition Description Introduction Senescence of the Innate Immune System Senescence of the Adaptive Immune System Immunosenescence and the ``Immune Risk Profile´´ Infection History, ``Immunological Space,´´ and Immunosenescence Conclusion Cross-References References and Further Readings Impaired Glucose Tolerance Synonyms Definition Description Characteristics Prevalence of IGT Risk Factors Prevention and Treatment References and Readings Impairment Implementation Implementation Intentions Definition Description Cross-References References and Further Reading Implementation Science Implicit Beliefs Implicit Theories Impotence Impulsive Behavior Impulsivity Synonyms Definition Description Delay and Probability Discounting Related Health Outcomes Cross-References References and Readings In Vitro Fertilization In Vitro Fertilization, Assisted Reproductive Technology Synonyms Definition Description Third Party Reproduction Expansions, Controversies, and Disadvantages of In Vitro Fertilization Cross-References References and Readings Inactivity Incarcerated Youths Incidence Study Income Distribution Income Inequality and Health Synonyms Definition Description References and Further Reading Independent Treatments Group Design Indicators Individual Difference Factors Individual Differences Synonyms Definition Description Overview Associations Between Individual Differences and Health Demographic Factors Psychological Traits Behavioral Dispositions Pathways Through Which Individual Differences Influence Health Evidence for Individual Difference-Based Interventions Cross-References References and Further Readings Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase (iNOS) Industrial Rehabilitation Infant Mortality Synonyms Definition Description References and Further Readings Infection Infectious Diseases Synonyms Definition Description Mechanical Barriers to Infection Drainage and Irrigation Chemical Protection Normal Bacterial Flora Sensory Nervous System Good Public Health and Hygiene Factors Associated with Increased Susceptibility to Infection Innate Immunity Adaptive (Specific) Immunity Main Sources of Infectious Disease What Is a Bacterium? What Infections Are Caused by Bacteria? What Is a Virus? Classification of Viruses Virus Structure Replication of Viruses Cross-References References and Readings Inferential Statistical Testing Inferential Statistics Infertility Infertility and Assisted Reproduction: Psychosocial Aspects Synonyms Definition Description Background and Epidemiology Psychosocial Stressors Psychosocial Consequences of Infertility and Fertility Treatment Psychological Interventions for Infertility-Related Distress Psychosocial Support and Technology Cross-References References and Further Reading Infertility-Related Stress Inflammation Definition Description Different Forms of Inflammation Age, Lifestyle, and Inflammation Long-Term Consequences of Inflammation Inflammation in Behavioral Medicine Cross-References References and Readings Inflammation-Associated Depression Inflammatory Bowel Disease Synonyms Definition Description Causes Signs and Symptoms Diagnosis Treatment Cross-References References and Readings Inflammatory Markers Informed Consent Definition Cross-References References and Readings Inheritance, Genetic Definition Cross-References References and Further Readings Inpatient Treatment Insertion/Deletion Polymorphism Definition Cross-References References and Further Readings Insight Meditation Insomnia Definition Description Prevalence and Consequences Assessment Risk Factors References and Readings Institute of Medicine Basic Information Major Impact on the Field Cross-References Institutional Care Synonyms Definition Cross-References References and Readings Institutional Review Board (IRB) Synonyms Definition Cross-References References and Readings Institutionalization Instrumental Activities of Daily Living: Ergotherapy Instrumental Conditioning Insulin Synonyms Definition Insulin Cross-References References and Readings Insulin Effectiveness Insulin Pumps Synonyms Definition Cross-References References and Readings Insulin Resistance Insulin Resistance (IR) Syndrome Synonyms Definition References and Readings Insulin Sensitivity Synonyms Definition Cross-References References and Further Reading Insulin Shock Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus (IDDM) Synonyms Definition Cross-References References and Readings Insulin-Producing Cell Integrated Behavioral Medicine Research, Practice, Policy Integrated Care Integrated Health Care Integrative Gastroenterology References and Further Reading Integrative Health Integrative Medicine Synonyms Definition Description Background Philosophy of Integrative Medicine Evidence Base for Integrative Medicine Relevance to Pain Management Cross-References References and Further Readings Intellectual Disability Intellectual Testing Intended Parent Intention Definition Cross-References References and Further Readings Interleukins Interleukins, -1 (IL-1), -6 (IL-6), -18 (IL-18) Synonyms Definition Cross-References References and Readings Intermediate Variable Intermittent Claudication Internal and External Validity Issues International Society of Behavioral Medicine History of the Organization International Congress of Behavioral Medicine International Journal of Behavioral Medicine Encyclopedia Behavioral Medicine Other Activities of ISBM References and Further Reading Internet Based Intervention Cost Analysis Internet Science Internet-Based Interventions Internet-Based Studies Synonyms Definition Description Beginning Characteristics Types Methods Implications Resources References and Further Reading Internet-Based Therapy Internet-Mediated Studies Internist Interpersonal Circumplex Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References and Readings Interpersonal Conflict Interpersonal Processes Synonyms Definition Description Introduction What Is the Evidence Linking Interpersonal Processes to Health? What Are the Pathways Responsible for Links Between Interpersonal Processes and Health? Interpersonal Processes and Health in the Age of Technology Intervention and Policy Implications Cross-References References and Further Reading Interpersonal Relationships Interpersonal Stress or Conflict Intervention Theories Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References and Readings Interventions and Strategies to Promote Physical Activity Definition Description Levels of Intervening: Individual, Group, and Community Promoting PA Across the Lifespan Summary and Conclusions Cross-References References and Further Readings Interventions Therapy Interview Synonyms Definition Cross-References References and Readings Intima-Media Thickness (IMT) Definition References and Readings Intimate Partner Violence Intoxication Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection Intrauterine Insemination Intrinsic Religiousness (Religiosity) Definition Description Cross-References References and Readings Intrusive Thoughts Intrusive Thoughts, Intrusiveness Definition Cross-References References and Reading Invasive Cervical Cancer Inverse Relationship Synonyms Definition Involuntary Childlessness Involuntary Exposure to Tobacco Smoke Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS): Psychological Treatment Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References and Readings Ischemic Heart Disease Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References and Readings iScience Isometric/Isotonic Exercise Synonyms Definition Cross-References References and Reading Iteration IUI IVF J Job Analyses Job Characteristics Job Classification Synonyms Definition Description International Classification of Jobs Cross-References References and Readings Job Components Job Control Job Demand/Control/Strain Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References and Further Reading Job Demands Synonyms Definition Cross-References References and Readings Job Diagnostic Survey Synonyms Definition Description Job Diagnostic Survey Questionnaire Reliability Validity Cross-References References and Readings Job Evaluation Job Performance Synonyms Definition Cross-References References and Readings Job Performance Standards Job Prestige Job Related to Health Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References and Readings Job Satisfaction/Dissatisfaction Synonyms Definition Description Conclusion Cross-References References and Reading Job Strain Joint Inflammation Joint Pain Juvenile Diabetes K Kallikrein-3 Kaposi´s Sarcoma Synonyms Definition Description Etiology Treatment Cross-References References and Readings Kaufmann, Peter G. Biographical Information Major Accomplishments Cross-References References and Reading Kawakami, Norito Biographical Information Major Accomplishments Cross-References References and Readings Kidney Kinesics Kinesiotherapy Kissing disease Knowledge of Work Knowledge Translation KS Kuopio Ischemic Heart Disease Risk Factor Study Definition Description Cross-References References and Further Readings L Laboratory Stress Protocol Latent Variable Synonyms Definition Cross-References References and Readings Lateral Mammillary Nucleus Lateral Nucleus Lateral Preoptic Area Lay Beliefs Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References and Further Reading Lay Health Advisors Lay Health Advocates Lay Theories Lazarus Theory Learned Helplessness Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References and Readings Learned Symptom Behavior Leisure Physical Activity Leptin Definition Cross-References References and Further Reading Leucocytosis Leucopenia Leukocytopenia Leukocytosis Leukopenia Level of Occupational Performance Levels of Prevention Lexapro® Life Course Life Cycle Life Events Synonyms Definition (and Description) Cross-References References and Further Readings Life Expectancy Life Orientation Test (LOT) Life Span Synonyms Definition References and Readings Life Time Life Years Lost Synonyms Definition References and Further Reading Lifelogging Lifestyle Synonyms Definition Description Lifestyle Versus Nonlifestyle Health Behaviors Commonly Studied Lifestyle Behaviors Lifestyle Behaviors and Chronic Diseases Cross-References References and Readings Lifestyle Changes Synonyms Definition Description Diet/Physical Activity Smoking Alcohol/Substance Use Summary Cross-References References and Further Readings Lifestyle, Active Synonyms Definition Description Physical Benefits of an Active Lifestyle Psychological Benefits of an Active Lifestyle Guidelines for an Active Lifestyle Cross-References References and Reading Lifestyle, Healthy Definition Description Active Lifestyle Healthy Diet Cross-References References and Readings Lifestyle, Modification Synonyms Definition Description Lifestyle Versus Nonlifestyle Health Behaviors Rationale for Multiple Versus Single Behavior Modification Individual Versus Population-Based Approach Theories of Lifestyle Modification/Behavior Change Success of Lifestyle Modification Programs Cross-References References and Readings Lifestyle, Sedentary Synonyms Definition Description Sedentary Behavior Physical Inactivity Sedentary Lifestyle Consists of Sedentary Behavior and Physical Inactivity Prevalence of Sedentary Activity and Physical Inactivity Sedentary Lifestyle and Health Cross-References References and Reading Likelihood Judgments Limited Resource Linear Mixed-Effects Model Linear Regression Lipid Synonyms Definition Cross-References Lipid Abnormalities Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References and Readings Lipid Disorder Lipid Metabolism Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References and Further Reading Lipid, Plasma Synonyms Definition Cross-References References and Further Reading Lipoprotein Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References and Further Reading Literacy Liver Disease Load-High Lobes Locus Locus (Genetics) Synonyms Definition Cross-References References and Further Readings Locus of Control Synonyms Cross-References References and Readings Loneliness Synonyms Definition Cross-References References and Readings Loneliness and Health Synonyms Definition Description Loneliness and Physical Health and Mortality Loneliness and Mental Health and Cognitive Functioning Mechanisms for Health Effects of Loneliness Health Behaviors and Sleep Physiological Functioning Gene Effects Immune Functioning Summary Cross-References References and Further Reading Longevity Synonyms Definition Description Population Trends in Longevity Individual Differences in Survival Synopsis Cross-References References and Readings Longitudinal Study Long-Term Care Loss Low Birth Weight Low Blood Glucose Low Glycemic Index Synonyms Definition Cross-References References and Readings Low Self-Efficacy Lumbago Lung Cancer and Smoking Lung Function Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References and Further Reading Lupus: Psychosocial Impact Definition References and Further Readings Luvox® Lymphedema Synonyms Definition Description Treatment Psychosocial Impact Cross-References References and Further Reading Lymphocyte-Activating Factor (LAF) Lymphocytopenia Synonyms Definition Description Background The Effects of Physical and Psychological Stress on Lymphocytopenia Exercise-Induced Lymphocytopenia Functional Relevance of Lymphocytopenia Summary Cross-References References and Further Readings Lymphocytosis Synonyms Definition Description Background The Effects of Physical and Psychological Stress on Leukocytes The Effects of Acute Physical and Psychological Stress on Lymphocytosis Mechanisms Summary and Conclusions Cross-References References and Further Readings Lymphokines Lymphoma M Macrophages Definition Cross-References References and Further Reading Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Synonyms Definition Description Structural MRI Functional MRI Recent Developments High-Field MRI Functional and Effective Connectivity Cross-References References and Readings Maintenance Phase of the Transtheoretical Model of Change Definition Cross-References References and Readings Major Depressive Disorder Major Depressive Disorder, with Seasonal Pattern Maladaptation Maladaptation of Symptom Behaviors to Chronic Illness Maladaptive/Maladjustment Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References and Further Reading Maladjustive Malignant Neoplastic Disease Malingering Managed Care Management Management of Depression Marital Dissolution Marital Therapy Marker (Genetics) Definition Cross-References References and Further Readings Marriage and Health Definition Description Marital Quality Matters Pathways Linking Marriage with Health Sex Differences in the Effects of Marriage on Health Summary Cross-References References and Readings Marriage Counseling Martyr Behavior Masculine Role Massage Massage Therapy Synonyms Definition Types of Massage Therapy Effects of Massage Therapy Underlying Mechanisms Overall Evaluation Cross-References References and Readings Massively Multiplayer Online Game (MMOG) Massively Multiplayer Online Role-Playing Games (MMORPGS) Masters of Public Health Maternal Stress Definition Description Evidence of Maternal Stress Risk and Protective Factors Effects of Maternal Stress on the Family Effects of Maternal Stress on the Medical Condition Interventions Addressing Maternal Stress Summary Cross-References References and Further Readings Matthews, Karen Biographical Information Major Accomplishments Cross-References References and Further Reading Maximal Aerobic Capacity Test Maximal Aerobic Power Test Maximal Exercise Heart Rate Synonyms Definition (and Description) Cross-References References and Further Readings Maximal Exercise Stress Test Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References and Further Readings Maximal Exercise Test Maximal Oxygen Uptake Test MBCR MBCT MB-EAT MBIs MBMD MBSR McGill Pain Index McGill Pain Questionnaire Synonyms Definition Cross-References References and Readings Mean (Average) Synonyms Definition Cross-References Meaning (Purpose) Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References and Readings Measures of Quality of Life Synonyms Definition Description General QOL Health-Related QOL Cross-References References Measures of Well-Being Medial Mammillary Nucleus Medial Preoptic Area Median Definition Cross-References Mediating Cognitions Mediators Synonyms Definition Cross-References References and Readings Medical Agreement Medical Decision-Making Definition Description Cross-References References and Further Reading Medical Dialogue Medical Interaction Medical Outcomes Study Definition References and Further Reading Medical Psychology Synonyms Definition Cross-References References and Further Readings Medical Sociology Definition Cross-References References and Readings Medical Specialty Medical Utilization Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References and Readings Medically Unexplained Physical Symptoms Medically Unexplained Symptoms Synonyms Definition Cross-References References and Further Reading Medication Event Monitoring Systems Definition Description Introduction The First-Generation Monitor Second-Generation Monitors Third Generation Summary and Conclusions Cross-References References and Readings Meditation Synonyms Definition Cross-References References and Readings Menarche Menopausal Hormone Therapy Menopause Definition References and Readings Menstrual Headache Mental Ability Mental Disengagement Mental Disorder Mental Function Mental Health Professional Mental Health Surveillance Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References and Further Reading Mental Illness Synonyms Definition Description Classification of Mental Illnesses Causes of Mental Illnesses Treatment of Mental Illness Controversies Regarding the Concept of Mental Illness Cross-References References and Further Readings Mental Illness (Mental Health Surveys) Mental Illness Monitoring or Tracking Mental Illness Surveillance Mental Imagery Mental Models of Illness Mental Representations of Illness Mental Status Examination Mental Strain Mental Strategies Mental Stress Synonyms Definition Cross-References References and Readings Mental Stress Task Mental Stressor Mental Training Mental Workload Messenger RNA Meta-analysis Definition Description Cross-References References and Further Readings Metabolic Processes Metabolic Syndrome Synonyms Definition Cross-References References and Readings Metabolic Syndrome X Metabolism Synonyms Definition Description Important Biochemical Compounds in Metabolism Proteins Carbohydrates Lipids Vitamins Minerals Nucleotides Energy Metabolism Unit of Measurement Krebs Cycle Energy Transfer Metabolic Rate Regulatory Mechanisms Nervous System Endocrine System Activation and Deactivation of Enzymes Feedback Inhibition Cross-References References and Further Reading Methylation Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References and Readings Methylation of Bases mHealth MHLC Scales Micro Data Collection and Analysis System Migraine Headache Synonyms Definition Description Migraine Diagnoses Epidemiology Genetic Predisposition Disability and Impact Risk Factors in the Transformation from Episodic to Chronic Migraine Psychiatric Comorbidity Pharmacologic Treatment Behavioral Treatments for Migraine Self-Management Cross-References References and Further Reading Migraine with Aura Milieu Interieur Miller, Neal Biographical Information Major Accomplishments Cross-References References and Readings Millon Behavioral Medicine Diagnostic (MBMD) Synonyms Definition Short Definition Description References and Readings Mindfulness Synonyms Definition Cross-References References and Readings Mindfulness-Based Cancer Recovery Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy Mindfulness-Based Eating Synonyms Definition Description History Target Groups Components of Mindful Eating Programs Clinical Effects in Behavioral Medicine Use of Mindful Eating in Behavioral Medicine Populations Cross-References References and Further Reading Mindfulness-Based Interventions Synonyms Definition Description History Target Groups MBI Model of (Sub-)Clinical Symptoms Components of MBIs Clinical Effects in Behavioral Medicine Considerations for MBIs in Behavioral Medicine Populations Cross-References References and Further Reading Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction Mini-Finland Health Survey Definition Description The Sample The Concept of Health The Phases of the Field Work The Health Interview and the Examination Health-Related Content of the Health Interview Methods of the Health Examination Information Obtained by Questionnaires and Interviews During the Health Examination Record Linkage at the Time of the Field Work and Follow-up of the Cohort Biobank and Data Set Social Circumstances, Living Conditions, and Behavior Current Context of the Mini-Finland Health Survey References and Further Reading Minimally Intensive Interventions Mini-Mental State Examination Definition Description Psychometric Properties Cross-References References and Further Reading Minor Tranquilizer Minority Health Synonyms Definition Description Historical Background of Minority Health in the United States Behavioral Medicine and Minority Health Cross-References References and Readings Minority Subgroups Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References and Readings Missing Data Synonyms Definition Cross-References References and Further Readings Missing Values Mistrust Mixed-Effects Modeling Mode Definition Cross-References Model Model of Self-Regulation Moderate-Vigorous Physical Activity Moderators/Moderating Factors Definition Description Conceptual Meaning Statistical Approach Distinction Between Moderator and Mediator Variables Cross-References References and Reading ``Mono´´ or Mononucleosis Monokines Monounsaturated Fats Monounsaturated Fatty Acids Monozygotic Twins Synonyms Definition Cross-References References and Further Readings Mood Synonyms Definition Description Moods and Biobehavioral System Measuring Mood Impact of Mood on Health-Relevant Cognitive Processes Impact of Mood on Health Decision-Making Processes and Health Behavior Impact of Mood on Health Status and Outcome Cross-References References and Futher Readings Mood Variability Morbidity Burden Mortality Synonyms Definition Cross-References References and Further Reading Mortality Rates Synonyms Definition Cross-References References and Further Reading Motivational Interviewing Definition Description Cross-References References and Readings Motivational Interviewing in Work Disability Definition Description Cross-References References and Further Reading Motor Behavior Mourning MPH MPH (Masters of Public Health) Synonyms Definition Cross-References References and Readings MRI mRNA Multicultural Health Multiculturalism Multidimensional Health Locus of Control Scales Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References and Further Readings Multidimensional Measure of Religiousness/Spirituality Multiethnic Cohort Study Synonyms Definition Cross-References References and Further Readings Multifactorial Disease Multilevel Analysis Multilevel Intervention Synonyms Definition Cross-References References and Further Readings Multilevel Modeling Synonyms Definition Description Why Is Multilevel Modeling Necessary? Considerations When Using Multilevel Modeling Advantages of Multilevel Modeling Limitations of Multilevel Modeling New Applications and Developments Conclusion Cross-References References and Readings Multimorbidity Multiphase Optimization Strategy (MOST) Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References and Further Reading Multiple Predictors Multiple Regression Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial (MRFIT) Definition References and Readings Multiple Risk Factors Definition Cross-References References and Further Readings Multiple Sclerosis Multiple Sclerosis: Psychosocial Factors Synonyms Definition Description Disease Characteristics Pathology Diagnosis Course Psychosocial Factors Cognitive Functioning Psychological Functioning Quality of Life Summary Cross-References References and Readings Multistage Submaximal Exercise Test Multiuser Dungeon/Dimension/Domain (MUD) Multivariate Analysis Definition Cross-References References and Further Readings Muscle Wasting Musculoskeletal Pain Music and Health Definition Description Applications of Music in Behavioral Medicine Theoretical Framework Physiological Mechanisms Underlying the Health-Beneficial Effects of Music What Is Health Beneficial About Music? Cross-References References and Further Readings Mutagen Myasthenia Gravis MyPlate Synonyms Definition Cross-References References and Readings Myths N n = 1 Science N1, N2, N3 N3 n-3 Fatty Acids Naïve Theories National Cancer Institute Basic Information The US National Cancer Institute (NCI) Unique Budget Process of the NCI NCI Organizational Structure and Governance Major Impact on the Field Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences (DCCPS) Current Major Programs and Initiatives of DCCPS Cancer Centers Program Conclusion References and Readings National Children´s Study Synonyms Definition (and Description) References and Further Reading National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) Synonyms Definition References and Readings National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, The National Health Interview Survey Synonyms Basic Information Major Impact on the Field Purpose Sample Design Content of the Questionnaire Data Collection Procedures Confidentiality Record Linkages Data Availability References and Readings National Health Survey National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Basic Information Major Impact on the Field Cross-References References and Readings National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Basic Information Major Impact on the Field Cross-References References and Readings National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Basic Information Major Impact on the Field Cross-References References and Readings National Institute of Mental Health Basic Information Major Impact on the Field Cross-References References and Further Readings National Institute of Nursing Research Basic Information Major Impact on the Field Cross-References References and Readings National Institute on Aging Basic Information Major Impact on the Field Clinical Trials Publications Cross-References References and Readings National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Basic Information Major Impact on the Field Cross-References References and Further Readings National Institutes of Health Basic Information Overview Application Process Funding Success Funding and Scientific Accomplishments Future Changes and Directions Major Impact on the Field Cross-References References and Readings National Occupational Classification National Statistics Socioeconomic Classification Natural Killer Cell Activity Definition Cross-References References and Further Reading NCS Needle Exchange Programs Synonyms Definition Cross-References References and Readings Negative Affect Synonyms Definition Cross-References References and Readings Negative Affectivity Synonyms Definition Cross-References References and Readings Negative Cognitions Negative Emotion Negative Emotionality Negative Relationship Negative Religious Coping Negative Social Interaction Negative Thoughts Synonyms Definition Cross-References References and Further Reading Neonatal Mortality Neoplasm of the Prostate NEPs Nerve Cell Nerve Damage Nested Case-Control Study Nested Study Synonyms Definition Cross-References References and Further Readings Net Generation Neural NeuroAIDS Neurobehavioral Assessment Neurocognitive Assessment Neuroendocrine Activation Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References and Further Reading Neuroendocrine Theory of Aging Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References and Further Reading Neurogenetics Neurogenomics Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References and Further Readings Neuroimaging Synonyms Definition Description Contrast X-Rays and Computerized Axial Tomography (CAT/CT) Single-Photon/Positron Emissions Tomography (SPECT/PET) Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)/Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) Diffuse Optical Imaging or Tomography (DOI/DOT) and Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) Cross-References References and Readings Neuroimmune Regulation Neuroimmunology Definition Cross-References References and Further Readings Neuroimmunomodulation Definition Cross-References References and Further Readings Neurological Definition Cross-References References and Further Readings Neuromuscular Diseases Synonyms Definition Description References and Further Reading Neuron Synonyms Definition Structure Classification Functions References and Readings Neuronal Nitric Oxide Synthase (nNOS) Neuropeptide Y (NPY) Synonyms Definition NPY Functions NPY and Appetite Regulation NPY and Emotion Regulation Cross-References References and Readings Neuropsychological Assessment Neuropsychology Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References and Further Reading Neurotensin Definition Cross-References References and Further Readings Neurotic Anger, Subcategory of Anger Definition Cross-References References and Further Readings Neurotic Hostility Neuroticism Synonyms Definition Cross-References References and Readings Neurotransmitter Definition Cross-References New Drug Development NHIS Nicotine Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References and Readings Nicotine Dependence and Nicotine Addiction Nicotine Patch Definition Cross-References References and Readings Night-Shift Workers and Health Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References and Further Reading Nitric Oxide Synthase (NOS) Synonyms Definition Description nNOS iNOS eNOS Cross-References References and Further Reading Nocebo and Nocebo Effect Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References and Readings Noise-Related Hearing Loss Noncoding RNA Noncommercial Advertising Noncompliance Non-exercise Behavior Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References and Further Readings Non-exercise Physical Activity Nonexperimental Designs Synonyms Definition Cross-References References and Further Readings Nonidentical Twins Non-insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus Non-REM Sleep Synonyms Definition Cross-References References Nonseminoma Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Medications (NSAIDs) Nonverbal Communication Synonyms Definition References and Readings Norepinephrine/Noradrenaline Definition Cross-References References and Readings Norms Synonyms Definition Cross-References References and Readings Nosocomephobia Nosocomial Medical Errors Numerical Information Numerical Representation of (Biological, Psychological, Behavioral) Information Nurses´ Health Study Definition References and Further Reading Nutrient Intake Nutrition Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References and Readings Nutrition Data System for Research (NDSR) Definition Description Overview of NDSR Food and Nutrient Database 24-H Dietary Recall Collection and Analysis Food Record, Menu, and Recipe Analysis Background and History Cross-References References and Readings Nutritional Supplement Nutritional Supplements Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References and Readings O Obesity Synonyms Definition Cross-References References and Readings Obesity in Children Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References and Readings Obesity Treatment Obesity: Causes and Consequences Description Biologic Influences Genetic Contributors Perinatal Influences Environmental Factors Consequences of Obesity Consequences Due to Metabolic Changes Consequences Due to Increased Fat Mass Obesity Shortens Life Conclusion Cross-References References and Readings Obesity: Prevention and Treatment Description Obesity Prevention Obesity Treatment Lifestyle Intervention Pharmacological Intervention Surgical Intervention Summary Cross-References References and Readings Obrist, Paul A Biographical Information Major Accomplishments Cross-References References and Readings Observational Designs Observational Studies Observational Study Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References and Further Reading Obstructive Sleep Apnea Occipital Occupation Occupational Classification Occupational Health Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References and Further Reading Occupational Mental Health Occupational Prestige Occupational Rehabilitation Synonyms Definition Description Research Needs Cross-References References and Further Reading Occupational Resilience Occupational Science Definition Description Occupation Occupational Science Perspective on People Emergence of Occupational Science Primary Focuses Key Concepts in Occupational Science Occupational Deprivation Occupational Justice Occupational Potential/Possibilities Co-occupation Scope of Occupational Science Critical Perspectives in Occupational Science Cross-References References and Readings Occupational Status Synonyms Definition Cross-References References and Readings Occupational Therapist Occupational Therapy Synonyms Definition Description The Practice of Occupational Therapy The Science of Occupational Therapy Cross-References References and Further Reading Odds Ratio Definition Office Blood Pressure Measurement (OBPM) Office of Family Assistance Oils Oldenburg, Brian Biographical Information Career Development and Impact Major Accomplishments Cross-References References and Further Reading Older Adult Omega-3 Fatty Acids Synonyms Definition Description Basic Science Biochemistry and Nutritional Sources Functional Roles Clinical Investigation Early Brain Development Affective Disorders Cognitive Functioning, Decline, and Dementia Other Psychiatric Disorders Public Health Potential Health Benefits and Risks of Consumption of Fish or Omega-3 Fatty Acid Supplements Public Health Recommendations Cross-References References and Readings Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Oncology (Oncologist) Definition Cross-References References and Readings Online Health Coaching Online Intervention Cost-Effectiveness Online Psychotherapy Online Therapy and E-Counselling Synonyms Definition Description Brief History Advantages and Risks Research Overview Guidelines for Practice Summary Cross-References References and Further Reading Online Training Operant Conditioning Synonyms Definition Description Three-Term Contingency Reinforcement Punishment Extinction Shaping Schedule of Reinforcement Operant Conditioning Therapy Cross-References References and Further Reading Operationalization of Anger Operative Anxiety Opiate Neuropeptides Opiate Peptides Opiate Receptors Opinion Poll Opponent Process Definition Description Cross-References References and Readings Opportunistic Infections Optimal Aging Optimism Optimism and Pessimism Scale (OPS) Optimism and Pessimism: Measurement Synonyms Definition Cross-References References and Readings Optimism, Pessimism, and Health Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References and Readings Optimized Behavioral Interventions Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) Synonyms Definition Procedure Cross-References References and Readings Organ Replacement Therapy Organ Transplantation: Psychological and Behavioral Aspects Synonyms Definition Description Psychological Factors in Organ Transplant Patients Behavioral Factors in Organ Transplant Patients Psychological Factors in Living Donors Interventions for Psychological or Behavioral Problems During the Transplantation Process Cross-References References and Further Reading Organizational Health Organizational Health Promotion Organizational Health Psychology Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References and Further Reading Orleans, C. Tracy Biographical Information Major Accomplishments Cross-References References and Readings Ornish Program and Dean Ornish Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References and Further Reading Orth-Gomér, Kristina Biographical Information Major Accomplishments Research on Social Support Behavioral Medicine Interdisciplinarity and Integration Collaboration with the European Society of Cardiology Women´s Cardiovascular Disease Conclusion Cross-References References and Readings OS Osteopenia/Osteoporosis Definition References and Readings Outcome for the Single Case: Random Control Index, Single Subject Experimental Design, and Goal Attainment Scale Synonyms Definition Description Reliability Change Index (RCI) Single-Subject Design Goal Attainment Scaling (GAS) Implications for Practice and Research Cross-References References and Readings Outpatient Treatment Outreach Educators Ovarian Cancer Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References and Further Readings Ovarian Carcinoma Ovarian Neoplasm Overweight Synonyms Definition Cross-References References and Readings Overweight Children Oxidative Stress Synonyms Definition Indices of Oxidative Stress Cross-References References and Further Reading Oxytocin Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References and Readings Oxytocin, Social Effects in Humans Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References and Further Reading P P-30 Antigen Pain Synonyms Definition Description Neurobiology of Pain CNS Mechanisms of Pain Modulation Clinical Classifications of Pain Postoperative Pain and its Management Deep Somatic Tissue Pain Arthritis Fibromyalgia Syndrome Low Back Pain Visceral Pain Thorax Pain Abdominal Pain Orofacial Pain Neuropathic Pain Phantom Limb Pain Cancer Pain Pain Assessment and Intervention Cognitive-Behavioral Approaches to Pain Management Cross-References References and Readings Pain Anxiety Synonyms Definition Cross-References References and Readings Pain Anxiety Symptoms Scale (PASS) and Short Version PASS-20 Definition Description Cross-References References and Readings Pain Management/Control Synonyms Definition Description Gate Control Theory Pharmacological and Surgical Interventions Cognitive Behavioral Interventions Cross-References References and Readings Pain Perception Pain Recovery Inventory of Concerns and Expectations (PRICE) Questionnaire Definition Description References and Further Readings Pain Self-Management at Work Definition Description References and Further Readings Pain Sensitivity Pain Threshold Definition Cross-References References and Readings Pain, Psychosocial Aspects Synonyms Definition Description Fear-Avoidance Models of Pain Intrapersonal Factors in Persistent Pain Interpersonal Factors in Persistent Pain Psychosocial Factors and Treatment Response Cross-References References and Readings Pain-Related Fear Synonyms Definition Assessment of Pain-Related Fear Treatment of Pain-Related Fear Cross-References References and Readings Palliative Care Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References and Readings Palliative Medicine Panic Attack Synonyms Definition Cross-References References and Readings Panic Disorder Synonyms Definition Cognitive Behavioral Models Assessment Treatment of PD Cross-References References and Readings Paradoxal Sleep Parallel Group Design Synonyms Definition Cross-References Parasympathetic Parasympathetic Nervous System (PNS) Definition Description Cross-References References and Readings Paraventricular Nucleus Parent-Child Concordance Parent-Rated Life Orientation Test of Children (P-LOT) Parietal Parkinson´s Disease Parkinson´s Disease: Psychosocial Aspects Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References and Reading Parkinsonism Paroxetine Partial Sleep Deprivation Participation Participation Bias Participation Restrictions Participatory Research Synonyms Definition References and Readings Passive Coping Strategies Synonyms Definition Cross-References References and Readings Passive Sensing Definition Description References and Further Reading Passive Smoking Past Smokers Pastors Pathophysiology Definition Description Methods and Designs in Pathophysiology Research Examples of Pathophysiological Research Pathophysiology of Obesity: The Metabolic Syndrome Pathophysiology of Chronic Pain Pathophysiology of Stress Related Disorders Cross-References References Patient Complexity Patient Compliance Patient Control Definition Cross-References References and Further Readings Patient Decision Aid Patient Decision Support Technology Patient Education Patient Health/Engagement Patient Privacy Patient Protection Patient Safety Patient-Centered Care Definition References and Readings Patient-Reported Outcome Definition Description Cross-References References and Further Reading Patients Pavlovian Conditioning Paxil® PCP PD Pediatric Psychology Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL) Synonyms Definition Cross-References References and Further Readings PedsQL 4.0 Peer Coaches Peer Health Educators Peer Health Promoters Penetrance Definition Cross-References References and Further Readings Pepper Peptic Ulcer Perceived Behavioral Control Perceived Benefits Synonyms Definition Cross-References References and Readings Perceived Control Synonyms Definition Description References and Further Readings Perceived Risk Definition References and Further Readings Perceived Stress Synonyms Definition (and Description) Cross-References References and Further Readings Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) Definition and Description Cross-References References and Further Reading Perception of Internal Noise (False) Perceptions of Stress Synonyms Definition Cross-References References and Readings Performance Anxiety Peripheral Arterial Disease (PAD)/Vascular Disease Synonyms Definition Description References and Reading Perseverative Cognition Synonyms Definition Cross-References References and Readings Persistent Depressive Disorder Persistent Pain Personal Data Analytics Personal Health Informatics Personal Health Record Personality Synonyms Definition Description Psychoanalytic Approaches to the Study of Personality Trait Approaches to the Study of Personality Social-Cognitive Approaches to the Study of Personality Interpersonal Approaches to the Study of Personality Emerging Approaches to the Study of Personality Personality and Health: Implications for Behavioral Medicine Cross-References References and Further Readings Personality Hardiness Pervasive Health Pessimism Synonyms Definition Cross-References References and Further Readings Pew Internet and American Life Project Definition Description Cross-References References and Further Reading PGD Pharmaceutical Industry: Research and Development Synonyms Definition Description Drug Discovery and Drug Design Nonclinical Development Preapproval Clinical Development and Postmarketing Trials and Surveillance Cross-References References and Further Readings Pharmacological Challenge Tests Pharmacological Stress Tests Synonyms Definition Description CRH Stimulation Test ACTH Stimulation Test Dexamethasone Suppression Test Dex-CRH Test Metyrapone Test Summary and Outlook Cross-References References and Readings Pharmacotherapy for Depression Phasic REM Phenotype Definition Cross-References References and Further Readings Physical Ability/Disability Physical Activity Physical Activity and Cancer Physical Activity and Health Synonyms Definition Description Introduction What Is Physical Activity? Assessment of Physical Activity Physical Activity Guidelines Theories and Interventions Conclusions References and Readings Physical Activity Change in Healthcare Settings Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References and Further Reading Physical Activity Counseling Physical Activity Intensity Physical Activity Monitors Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References and Further Reading Physical Activity/Inactivity: Objective Measurement of Synonyms Definition Description Background Pedometers Accelerometers Multi-sensor Activity Monitors Conclusion Cross-References References and Further Readings Physical Capacity Physical Condition Physical Environment Physical Exam Physical Examination Synonyms Definition Cross-References References and Readings Physical Fitness Synonyms Definition Description Health-Related Fitness Components and Traits Cross-References References and Readings Physical Fitness Testing Physical Illness Physical Inactivity Definition Description Prevalence Risk Factors Health Risks Cross-References References and Readings Physical Therapy Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References and Further Reading Physical Well-Being Physician-Assisted Suicide Physiological Reactivity Synonyms Definition Cross-References References and Readings Physiotherapy Pickering, Thomas G. Biographical Information Major Accomplishments Cross-References References and Reading Pilot Study Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References and Further Reading Pitocin Pituitary-Adrenal Axis Definition Cross-References References and Further Reading Placebo and Placebo Effect Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References and Readings Plain Tobacco Packaging Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References and Further Reading Plasma Lipid Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor (PAI-1) Definition References and Readings Platelet Plug Pleasant Affect PMD Polymorbidity Polymorphism Definition Cross-References References and Further Readings Polysomnogram Polysomnography Synonyms Definition Description Indications Preparation Recording and Analysis Limitations Cross-References References and Further Reading Polyunsaturated Fats Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Population Health Definition Description Cross-References References and Further Reading Population Health Monitoring or Tracking Population Stratification Definition Description Cross-References References and Further Readings Population-Based Study Definition Cross-References References and Further Reading Positive Affect Positive Affect Negative Affect Scale (PANAS) Synonyms Definition Cross-References References and Further Readings Positive Affectivity Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References and Further Readings Positive Aging Synonyms Definition Description Interventions Cross-References References and Further Reading Positive and Negative Affect Positive and Negative Affect Schedule Positive By-Products Positive Changes Positive Emotion Positive Emotions Positive Meaning Positive Psychology Definition Description Core Concerns of Positive Psychology and Health Understanding Psychological Adaptation to Illness Understanding the Relation of Positive Phenomena to Physical Health Interventions to Promote Health and Well-Being Controversies with Respect to Both Theory and Application Conclusion Cross-References References and Readings Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Post Traumatic Stress Disorder Definition (and Description) Diagnostic Criteria Prevalence Course of Disorder over Time Common Comorbidities Measures Treatment and Prognosis References and Further Reading Posterior Hypothalamic Area Postpartum Blues Postpartum Depression Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References and Further Reading Posttraumatic Growth Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References and Reading Potential Years of Life Lost (PYLL) Power Spectral Analysis Practice Guideline Praise Prayer Synonyms Definition Description Types of Prayer Prayer and Well-Being Cross-References References and Readings Prediabetes Pregnancy Pregnancy Anxiety Synonyms Definition Description What Is Pregnancy Anxiety? Measuring Pregnancy Anxiety What Are the Harmful Effects of Pregnancy Anxiety? Why Is Pregnancy Anxiety Harmful? Who Is Most Likely to Have Pregnancy Anxiety? Cross-References References and Further Reading Pregnancy Complications Pregnancy Outcomes: Psychosocial Aspect Synonyms Definition Cross-References References and Further Reading Pregnancy Spacing Pregnancy-Related Anxiety Pregnancy-Specific Anxiety Prehypertension Description References and Readings Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis Prejudice Premenstrual Headache Pressure Prevalence Synonyms Definition References and Readings Prevalence Number Prevalence Rate Prevention: Primary, Secondary, Tertiary Synonyms Definition Description References and Further Readings Preventive Care Definition Description Cross-References References and Further Readings Preventive Healthcare Preventive Medicine Preventive Medicine Research Institute (Ornish) Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References and Further Reading Previous Smokers Pride Primary Care Synonyms Definition Cross-References References and Further Reading Primary Care Nurse Practitioner Primary Care Physicians Synonyms Definition Cross-References References and Readings Primary Care Provider Primary Care Providers Synonyms Definition Cross-References References and Further Readings Primary Health Care Primary Medical Doctor Primary Raynaud´s Phenomenon Principle of Equipoise Synonyms Definition Cross-References References and Further Readings Privacy Proactive Aging Probability Definition Cross-References Problem Drinking Problem Solving Synonyms Definition Cross-References References and Readings Problem-Focused Coping Synonyms Definition Cross-References References and Readings Problem-Solving Skills Training (PSST) Problem-Solving Therapy - Primary Care (PST-PC) Problem-Solving Therapy - SO (PST-SO) Productive Aging Productivity Progress Promotoras Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References and Readings Prophylactic Care Prophylactic Use Prospective Study Prostate Synonyms Definition Prostate Anatomy Description Prostate Function Common Disorders of the Prostate Cross-References References and Readings Prostate Gland Prostatectomy Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) Synonyms Definition Description Measuring PSA PSA Testing and Current Guidelines References and Readings Prostatic Adenocarcinoma Protected Sex Protection of Human Subjects Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References and Readings Protective Factors Protein Methylation Proteomics Definition Description Cross-References References and Further Readings Prototyping Proxy Prozac® Psychiatric Diagnosis Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References and Readings Psychiatric Disorder Psychiatric Illness Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References and Readings Psychiatric Surgery Psychoeducation Synonyms Definition Cross-References References and Further Reading Psychological and Social Conditions People Experience in the Workplace Psychological and Social Effects Psychological Disorder Synonyms Definition Description Historical Background The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD) Cross-References References and Readings Psychological Factors Psychological Factors and Health Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References and Further Reading Psychological Pathology Synonyms Definition Description Abnormality Dysfunction Cross-References References and Readings Psychological Predictors Psychological Researcher Psychological Science Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References and Further Readings Psychological Scientist Psychological Stress Synonyms Definition Cross-References References and Further Reading Psychological Stress Task Psychological Stressor Psychological Testing Psychological Variables Psychologist Synonyms Definition Cross-References References and Further Readings Psychometric Properties Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References and Further Reading Psychometric Theory Psychometrics Synonyms Definition Cross-References References and Further Reading Psychoneuroendocrinology Synonyms Definition Cross-References References and Further Reading Psychoneuroimmunology Synonyms Definition Cross-References References and Further Reading Psycho-oncology Psychopathology Psychophysiologic Disorders Psychophysiologic Reactivity Synonyms Definition Cross-References References and Readings Psychophysiologic Recovery Synonyms Definition Cross-References References and Readings Psychophysiological Definition Cross-References Psychophysiology: Theory and Methods Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References and Further Readings Psychosocial Adaptation Psychosocial Adjustment Synonyms Definition Description Introduction Psychological Factors Societal Factors Environmental Factors Personal Factors Conclusion Cross-References Acknowledgment References and Readings Psychosocial Aspects Psychosocial Benefits and Aspects of Physical Activity Definition Description Depression Anxiety and Stress Reactivity Affective Response Self-Perception Cognitive Performance Quality of Life Personality Compulsive Physical Activity Summary and Conclusions Cross-References References and Further Readings Psychosocial Characteristics Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References and Further Reading Psychosocial Factors Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References and Further Reading Psychosocial Factors and Traumatic Events Synonyms Definition Description Psychosocial Factors in Everyday Life Psychosocial Factors in Natural and Technological Disasters Cross-References References and Further Reading Psychosocial Impact Synonyms Definition Cross-References References and Readings Psychosocial Implications Psychosocial Intervention Psychosocial Oncology Psychosocial Predictors Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References and Further Reading Psychosocial Stress Psychosocial Traits Psychosocial Variables Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References and Further Reading Psychosocial Work Environment Synonyms Definition Cross-References References and Readings Psychosomatic Definition Description Cross-References References and Readings Psychosomatic Diseases Psychosomatic Disorder Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References and Readings Psychosomatic Illness Psychosomatic Medicine Psychosomatics Psychosurgery Synonyms Definition Description References and Further Reading Psychotherapy for Depression Psychotherapy for IBS PTG PTS Puberty Synonyms Definition References and Readings Public Health Definition Description Cross-References References and Further Reading Public Health Education Public Interest Advertising Public Service Advertising Puff Topography Pulmonary Disorders, COPD: Psychosocial Aspects Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References and Readings Pulmonary Function Synonyms Definition Cross-References References and Further Reading Pulse Rate Purpose Q qEEG QTL Qualitative Research Methods Definition Cross-References References and Further Reading Quality of Life Synonyms Definition Cross-References References and Readings Quality of Life Assessments Quality of Life Instruments Quality of Life Technologies Synonyms Definition Cross-References References and Further Reading Quality of Life: Measurement Definition Description Measurement of QoL Generic and Disease Specific Instruments QoL Measurement in Children Choosing an Instrument Cross-References References and Readings Quality of Work Quality-Adjusted Life Years (QALYs) Definition Cross-References References and Further Readings Quantified Self Synonyms Definition Description Motivations for Quantified Self-Experimentation Genesis and Underpinnings Quantified Self Community and Tools Quantified Self Research Studies Criticisms Quantified Self Data Rights and Health Policy Quantified Self and the Scientific Method (n = 1 Studies) Health Social Networks and Preventive Medicine Philosophy of Quantified Self and Behavior Change The Quantified Self Becomes the Qualified Self References and Further Reading Quantitative EEG Including the Five Common Bandwidths (Delta, Theta, Alpha, Sigma, and Beta) Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References and Reading Quantitative Trait Locus (QTL) Synonyms Definition Cross-References References and Further Reading Questionnaire Development Quiet Sleep Quit Smoking R RA Racial Inequality in Economic and Social Well-Being Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References and Further Reading Racial/Ethnic Discrimination Racial/Ethnic Disparities Racism Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References and Further Reading Racism and Health Radiation Therapy Radical Prostatectomy, Psychological Impact Synonyms Definition Radical Prostatectomy Factors Influencing Receipt of Radical Prostatectomy Complications of Radical Prostatectomy The Psychological Impact of Radical Prostatectomy References and Readings Random-Coefficient Model Random-Coefficient Regression Modeling Random-Effects Modeling Randomization Definition Cross-References Randomized Clinical Trial Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References and Further Reading Randomized Concurrently Controlled Clinical Trial Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial Randomized Controlled Trial Raynaud´s Disease and Stress Synonyms Definition Description General Information Role of Stress Suspected Pathogenesis Researching Stress and Raynaud´s Disease Treatment References and Readings Raynaud´s Disease: Behavioral Treatment Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References and Readings Readiness for Return-to-Work (RRTW) Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References and Further Reading Readiness for Return-to-Work (RRTW) Scale Definition Description Cross-References References and Further Reading RE-AIM Guidelines Synonyms Definition Description Reach Efficacy or Effectiveness Adoption Implementation Maintenance References and Further Reading Real-Life Blood Pressure Monitoring Reasons Recessive Inheritance Definition Cross-References References and Further Reading Recognition (Means of Acknowledgment) Recruitment and Retention of Research Subjects Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References and Further Reading Recruitment of Research Participants Recurrence Risk Ratio Definition Cross-References References and Further Reading Regression Analysis Synonyms Definition Cross-References References and Further Reading Regression Modeling Regulation of Expression Rehabilitation Synonyms Definition Description The Interdisciplinary Team Rehabilitation Strategies Disability Assessment, Rehabilitation and the ICF Community-Based Rehabilitation The Effectiveness of Rehabilitation Cross-References References and Readings Rehabilitation Psychology Relapse, Relapse Prevention Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References and Further Reading Relational Distress Relationship Conflict Relationship Processes Relationship Stress Relative Risk Definition Description Cross-References Relaxation Relaxation Techniques Relaxation Techniques/Therapy Definition Description Cross-References References and Further Readings Reliability and Validity Definition Cross-References References and Further Readings Religion Religion/Spirituality Synonyms Definition Description Associations Between Spirituality, Religion, and Health How to Measure Spirituality and Religion Cross-References References and Further Readings Religiosity Religious Beliefs Religious Ceremony Religious Coping Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References and Further Readings Religious Practice Religious Ritual Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References and Readings Religious Service Religious Social Support Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References and Readings Religious Struggle Religiousness Religiousness and Health Religiousness/Religiosity Synonyms Definition Description Religiousness/Religiosity and Health Measuring Religiosity/Religiousness Cross-References References and Further Readings REM Sleep Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References and Readings Remission and Remission Prevention Renin General Background Physiological Relevance Control of Renin Release Renin Tissue Localization and Molecular Biology Behavioral Actions of Renin Repeated Measures Design Repetitive Thinking Repression Repressive Coping Reproductive Health Definition Description A Biopsychological Approach to Reproductive Health Women´s Reproductive Health Women´s Reproductive Disorders Menstrual Cycle-Related Disorders Reproductive Health Issues Not Related to the Menstrual Cycle Other Common Reproductive Diseases/Disorders Male Reproductive Health Male Reproductive Disorders Other Common Reproductive Diseases/Disorders Reproductive Health in Middle-Aged and Elderly Men Summary Cross-References References and Readings Research Benefits Research Ethics Committee Research Methodology Synonyms Definition Cross-References Research Participation, Risks and Benefits of Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References and Readings Research Risks Research to Practice Translation Synonyms Definition Description Background New Research Approaches to Facilitate Translation Comparative Effectiveness Research Implementation Research Practice-Based Research Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute (PCORI) Community-Based Participatory Research Educating Researchers and Practitioners About Translation Cross-References References and Further Reading Residential Treatment Resilience Resilience to Adversity Definition Description References and Further Reading Resilience Training Resilience: Measurement Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References and Further Reading Resilient Aging Resistance Training Definition Description Cross-References References and Readings Resource Management Respect Synonyms Antonyms Definition Description Social Interaction/Context Functions and Findings Cross-References References and Readings Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia Synonyms Definition Cross-References References and Readings Response Inhibition Response to Disability Responses to Stress Responsibility Responsiveness Rest Pain Retrospective Study Definition Cross-References References and Further Reading Return to Baseline Return to Work Synonyms Definition Description Scope Costs of Being Out of Work Factors Influencing Return to Work Interventions to Support Return to Work Methodological Considerations Cross-References References and Further Reading Revised Life Orientation Test (LOT-R) Rheumatoid Arthritis: Psychosocial Aspects Synonyms Definition Description Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) Psychological Distress of RA Patients Relationship Between RA-Related Symptoms and Psychosocial Factors Relevance to Clinical Practice Cross-References References and Further Reading Ribosomal RNA Rief, Winfried Biographical Information Major Accomplishments Cross-References References and Readings Ringing in the Ears Risk Aversion Risk Factors Risk Factors and Their Management Definition Description Risk Factors Smoking Lipids Obesity, Insulin Resistance, and the Metabolic Syndrome Portal-Visceral Hypothesis and Insulin Resistance Adipose Tissue as an Endocrine Organ Ectopic Fat Accumulation Type 2 Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease Other Related Diseases Management of Risk Factors Behavior Modification and Long-Term Lifestyle Change Effects of Physical Activity Effects of a Healthy Diet Adherence to a Long-Term Lifestyle Change Management of Specific Risk Factors: High LDL-Cholesterol and High Blood Pressure Cross-References References and Further Reading Risk Perception Synonyms Definition Description Biases and Heuristics in Risk Assessment Psychometric Paradigm of Risk Assessment Cross-References References and Further Reading Risk Pooling Risk Reduction Risk Taking Risk-Benefit Assessment Risk-Benefit Ratio Risk-Taking Risky Behavior Synonyms Definition Cross-References References and Readings Risky Drinking Episode RNA Synonyms Definition Cross-References References and Readings Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Basic Information Major Impact on the Field Cross-References References and Further Reading rRNA Rumination Definition Cross-References References and Further Readings S Saccharide Saliva Salivary Biomarkers Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References and Readings Salt, Intake Synonyms Definition Description Recommendations Identifying Sources of Sodium Methods for Reducing Sodium Cross-References References and Further Readings Salutogenesis Synonyms Definition Description Sense of Coherence (SOC) General Resistance Resources (GRRs) Measuring Sense of Coherence Sense of Coherence and Health (Empirical Evidence) Cross-References References and Readings Sample Size Estimation Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References Sample-Size Calculation Sample-Size Determination Sarcopenia Synonyms Definition Description Effect of Age on Skeletal Muscle Protein Metabolism in the Elderly Resistance Training in the Elderly Conclusion Cross-References References and Further Readings Saturated Fats Saturated Fatty Acids SBM Scale Development Synonyms Definition Cross-References References and Further Readings Scatter Scenario Design Scenario-Based Design Synonyms Definition Description Use in the Design of Behavioral Intervention Technologies Framework Benefits Cross-References References and Further Reading Schneiderman, Neil Major Accomplishments Cross-References References and Further Readings Scientific Psychology Screen Time Synonyms Definition Cross-References References and Further Readings Screen-Based Behaviors Screening Synonyms Definition Cross-References References and Further Readings Screening, Cognitive Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References and Further Reading Seasonal Affective Disorder Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References and Further Readings Secondary Care Secondary Gain Secondary Parkinsonism Secondary Prevention Programs Secondhand Smoke Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References and Readings Sedentary Activity Sedentary Behavior Sedentary Behaviors Synonyms Definition Cross-References References and Further Readings Sedentary Time Definition Sedentary Time (vs. Sedentary Behavior) Description Measurement of Sedentary Time Sedentary Time and Health Cross-References References and Further Reading Seek Feedback Selection Bias Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) Synonyms Definition Cross-References References and Readings Self, The Self-Assessment Self-Attitude Self-Blame Synonyms Definition Description References and Further Reading Self-Care Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References and Further Readings Self-Concept Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References and Readings Self-Conception Self-Consciousness Self-Construal Self-Control Self-Control Capacity Self-Control Failure Self-Determination Theory Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References and Further Reading Self-Directed Violence Self-Efficacy Definition Description Cross-References References and Further Readings Self-esteem Synonyms Definition Cross-References References and Further Reading Self-Evaluate Self-Evaluation Self-examination Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References and Readings Self-Experimentation Self-Identity Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References and Further Readings Self-image Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References and Readings Self-Inflicted Injurious Behavior Self-Management Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References and Readings Self-Management Education Self-medication Synonyms Definition Cross-References References and Readings Self-Monitor Self-Monitoring Synonyms Definition Description Self-Monitoring Expressive Behavior and Self-Presentation Self-Monitoring Goal Progress Cross-References References and Further Reading Self-Monitoring of Blood Glucose Self-Murder Self-Perspective Self-Rating Self-Regulation Self-Regulation Model Synonyms Definition Description Hierarchical Structure of Goals Feedback Loops and Behavioral Strategies Involved in Goal Attainment Organization of Goals and Actions: Goal Cognitions Conscious and Nonconscious Aspects of Self-Regulation Moderators of Self-Regulation Self-Regulation and Health Final Remarks Cross-References References and Further Readings Self-Regulatory Ability Self-Regulatory Capacity Synonyms Definition Description Limited Self-Regulatory Capacity Nature of Self-Regulatory Capacity Individual Differences in Self-Regulatory Capacity Building Self-Regulatory Capacity Cross-References References and Further Reading Self-Regulatory Fatigue Synonyms Definition Description Limited Self-Regulatory Capacity Measuring Self-Regulatory Fatigue Overcoming Self-Regulatory Fatigue Wider Implications of Self-Regulatory Fatigue Cross-References References and Further Reading Self-Report Synonyms Definition References and Further Reading Self-Report Inventory Self-Reported Patient Outcome Measure Self-Respect Self-Schema Self-System Self-Tracking Self-Treatment Seligman, Martin Biographical Information Major Accomplishments Cross-References References and Readings Selye, Hans Biographical Information Major Accomplishments Cross-References References and Readings SEM Semenogelase Seminin Seminoma Senescence Senior Sense of Coherence Sense of Coherence - Measurement Sense of Self Separation SEPs Sera Serious Games Serostatus: Seronegative and Seropositive Synonyms Definition Description References and Readings Serotonin Definition Description Cross-References References and Further Reading Serotonin Transporter Gene Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References and Readings SERT Sertraline Serum Synonyms Definition Cross-References References and Further Reading Service Attendance Sex Sex Hormones Sexual Activity Sexual Behavior Synonyms Definition Description What is Sexual Behavior: Types of Sexual Behaviors Sexual Behavior: The Role of Societal Norms Reasons for Sexual Behavior Engagement Developmental Perspectives on Sexual Behavior Engagement Cross-References References and Readings Sexual Dysfunction Sexual Functioning Synonyms Definition Description Etiology of Sexual Dysfunction Sexual Dysfunction Disorders Prevalence of Sexual Dysfunction Assessment of Sexual Functioning Treatment of Sexual Dysfunction Cross-References References and Readings Sexual Hookup Synonyms Definition Cross-References References and Readings Sexual Maturation Sexual Orientation Definition Cross-References References and Readings Sexual Risk Sexual Risk Behavior Synonyms Definition References and Readings Sexuality and Stress Introduction Sexuality Stress The Association between Sexuality and Stress Outlook Cross-References References and Further Reading Sexually Transmitted Disease/Infection (STD/STI) Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs) Synonyms Definition Cross-References References and Readings Sexually Transmitted Infections SF-36 Synonyms Definition Description Development Health Domain Scales Component Summary Scales Reliability Validity Options Administration Cross-References References and Readings Short Form 36 Shortness of Breath Sick Headache Sickness Absence Sickness Behavior Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References and Further Readings Siegrist, Johannes Major Accomplishments Cross-References References and Further Reading Simulation Games Singing and Health Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References and Further Reading Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) Synonyms Definition Cross-References References and Further Reading Single Subject Single-Case Experimental, or N of 1 Clinical Trials Situational Responsiveness Skeletal Muscle Atrophy Skin Cancer Prevention: Sun Protection, Sun Safety, Sunscreen Use Definition Description Evidence Reviews Comprehensive Community Programs Including Mass Media Interventions in Schools Outdoor Workers Recreation Settings High-Risk Groups Screening and Early Detection Measurement and Methodology Conclusion Cross-References References and Readings SLC6A4 (Solute Carrier Family 6, Member 4) Sleep Definition Description Sleep Duration Sleep Continuity Sleep Architecture Sleep Quality Summary Cross-References References and Further Readings Sleep and Health Synonyms Definition Description Sleep and Mortality Sleep and Cardiovascular Disease Sleep and Obesity Sleep and Diabetes Sleep and Cancer Sleep and the Immune System Sleep and Neurocognitive Function Sleep and Mental Health Conclusions Cross-References References and Further Readings Sleep Apnea Synonyms Definition Cross-References References and Further Readings Sleep Architecture Definition Description Cross-References References and Further Readings Sleep Continuity Synonyms Definition Cross-References References and Further Readings Sleep Curtailment Sleep Debt Sleep Deprivation Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References and Further Readings Sleep Deprived Sleep Duration Synonyms Definition Description Measurement Sleep Duration Across the Lifespan Sleep Duration and Health Sleep Duration Recommendations Cross-References References and Further Reading Sleep Efficiency Sleep Fragmentation Synonyms Definition Cross-References References and Further Readings Sleep Maintenance Sleep Quality Synonyms Definition Description Measurement Correlates with Sleep Parameters Sleep Quality and Health Cross-References References and Further Reading Sleep Refreshment Sleep Restriction Synonyms Definition Description References and Further Readings Sleep Satisfaction Sleep Stages 1, 2, 3, and 4 Sleep Stages 3 and 4 Sleep Study Sleep-Disordered Breathing Slim Disease Slow-Wave Sleep Synonyms Definition Cross-References References and Further Readings Small-N Smokeless Tobacco Smoking Smoking and Health Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References and Further Readings Smoking and Health Effects Smoking Behavior Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References and Further Reading Smoking Cessation Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References and Further Readings Smoking Habits Smoking Prevention Smoking Prevention Policies and Programs Synonyms Definition Description Individual and School-Based Programs for Youth Restricting Youth Access to Tobacco Products Interventions to Increase the Price of Tobacco Products Mass Media Campaigns to Prevent Tobacco Use Future Directions in Smoking Prevention Summary Cross-References References and Further Readings Smoking Profile Smoking Topography Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References and Further Readings SNP (Pronounced ``Snip´´) Social Behavior Social Capital and Health Definition Description Cross-References References and Further Readings Social Circumstance Social Cohesion Definition Cross-References References and Further Readings Social Conflict Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References and Readings Social Determinants of Health Social Ecological Framework Social Ecological Model Social Epidemiology Definition Cross-References References and Further Reading Social Factors Synonyms Definition Description The Social Gradient Early Life Stress Social Exclusion Work and Unemployment Social Causation and Social Drift: Explanation of Possible Causal Relationships Between Social Factors and Health Cross-References References and Readings Social Health Social Inhibition Synonyms Definition Cross-References References and Readings Social Integration Social Isolation Social Marketing Synonyms Definition Cross-References References and Readings Social Media Social Network Social Networking Sites Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References and Further Readings Social Networks Social Norms Social Pain Social Problem-Solving Therapy (SPST) Social Processes Social Relationships Synonyms Definition Description Structural Versus Functional Aspects of Social Relationships Pathways by Which Social Relationships Influence Health Conclusion Cross-References References and Readings Social Resources Social Stress Synonyms Definition and Description Cross-References References and Further Reading Social Support Synonyms Definition Description Measures Structural Measures of Support Functional Measures of Support Quality of Support Social Support and Health Cardiovascular Disease Cancer HIV/AIDS Mechanisms Future Directions Cross-References References and Further Readings Social Support at Work Social Ties Societal Stress Society of Behavioral Medicine Synonyms Definition References and Readings Sociocultural Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References and Readings Sociocultural Context Sociocultural Differences Definition Cross-References Sociocultural Factors Socioeconomic Position Socio-economic Status Synonyms Definition References and Further Reading Socioeconomic Status (SES) Sodium Sodium Chloride Sodium, Sodium Sensitivity Definition References and Readings Solid Fats Somatic Symptom Disorder Somatic Symptoms Definition Description Epidemiology Functional Somatic Syndromes Psychological Comorbidity Somatoform Disorders Measuring Somatic Symptoms Treatment Cross-References References and Readings Somatization Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References and Further Readings Somatoform Disorders Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References and Further Readings Spatial Analysis Spectral Analysis Speech and Language Pathology Speech and Language Therapy Synonyms Definition Description Benefits Outcomes The RCSLT Cross-References References and Further Reading Speech Therapy Speech, Language, and Communication Therapy Sperm Donation Sperm Donor Spinal Muscular Atrophy Spiritual Spiritual Beliefs Synonyms Definition Description Physical Health Mental Health Cross-References References and Readings Spiritual Coping Spiritual Struggle Spirituality Synonyms Definition Description Pathways Linking Spirituality to Health Measuring Spirituality Cross-References References and Further Readings Spirituality and Health Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References and Readings Spirituality, Measurement of Definition Description Cross-References References and Readings Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Cervix (SCCC) Stages of Change Model Stages-of-Change Model Definition Description History of the Model Description of Stages Assessing Stages of Change Stages of Change and Specific Health Behaviors Stage-Based Treatments Revised Stages-of-Change Model Evaluation of the Stages-of-Change Model Cross-References References and Readings Standard Deviation Definition Cross-References Standard Normal (Z) Distribution Synonyms Definition Area Under the Normal Curve The Z Distribution Cross-References References and Further Reading Standardized Tobacco Packaging State Anxiety Static Exercise Statins Synonyms Definition Cross-References Statistical Inference Synonyms Definition Cross-References Statistical Inquiry Statistics Definition Cross-References Stem Cells Definition Cross-References Stepped Care Models Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References and Further Readings Steptoe, Andrew (1951-) Biographical Information Major Accomplishments Cross-References References and Further Reading Stereotypes Steroid Hormones Steroids Synonyms Definition Cross-References References and Further Reading Sterol Stigma Synonyms Definition The Social Construction of Stigma Stigma Mechanisms and Outcomes Other Considerations Cross-References References and Readings Stigmatization Stop Smoking Strain Stranger Anxiety Strength Model of Self-Control Stress Synonyms Definition Cross-References References and Readings Stress and Occupational Health Stress Appraisals Stress Cascade Stress Diathesis Models Stress Disorder Stress Management Synonyms Definition Description Stress Management Techniques and Interventions Stress Management Programs Cross-References References and Readings Stress Mindset Synonyms Definition Description Measuring Stress Mindset Associations Between Stress Mindset and Health-Related Outcomes How Could Stress Mindset Improve Health? Conclusion and Future Directions Cross-References References and Further Reading Stress Reactivity Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References and Readings Stress Reduction Stress Response Stress Responses Synonyms Definition Cross-References References and Readings Stress Responsivity Stress Test Synonyms Definition Description Mental Stress Tasks Cross-References References and Further Reading Stress Testing Stress Vulnerability Models Synonyms Definition Description Stress Vulnerability Models Vulnerability Factors Cross-References References and Further Reading Stress, Caregiver Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References and Readings Stress, Early Life Synonyms Definition Description References and Readings Stress, Emotional Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References and Readings Stress, Exercise Definition Description Cross-References References and Readings Stress, Posttraumatic Synonyms Definition Description Affective Symptoms Behavioral Symptoms Cognitive Symptoms Physiological Symptoms Summary Cross-References References and Readings Stress: Appraisal and Coping Definition Description References and Readings Stress-Associated Disorders Stressful Life Event Stressful Life Events Stress-Induced Asthma Stress-Induced Disorders Stressor Stress-Related Disorders Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References and Further Readings Stress-Related Growth Stroke Burden Definition Description References and Readings Stroop Color-Word Test Synonyms Definition Cross-References Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References and Readings Structural Variant Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV (SCID) Definition References and Further Reading Study Methodology Study Protocol Definition Description Cross-References References and Further Reading Study Size Subethnic Groups Subgroup Heterogeneity Subject Characteristics Subjective Well-Being Submissiveness Substance Abuse Substance Abuse: Treatment Synonyms Definition Description Underlying Disciplines, Principles, Goals, and Focus Treatment Settings, Dose, and Costs Evaluation and Monitoring Interventions: Behavioral, Pharmacological, and Combined References and Readings Substance Dependence Substance H Substance Use Disorders Success Successful Aging Synonyms Definition Description Successful Aging Definition Keys to Aging Well Successful Aging Guidelines The Health-Care Provider´s Role in Successful Aging Cross-References References and Readings Sudden Cardiac Death Suicidal Ideation, Thoughts Synonyms Definition Description References and Readings Suicidal Impulses Suicidal Thoughts Suicide Synonyms Definition Description References and Readings Suicide Risk, Suicide Risk Factors Definition Cross-References References and Further Readings Sulcus Summary Data Sun Exposure Definition Cross-References References and Further Readings Supervisory Attentional System Supplication Supportive Care Suprachiasmatic Nucleus Supraoptic Nucleus Surgery Surgical Resection Surrogacy Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References and Further Reading Surrogate Surrogate Decision Making Synonyms Definition Surrogate Decision Making Cross-References References and Readings Surrogate Mother Surveys Synonyms Definition Basic Survey Concepts Sampling Data Collection Tools and Methods Data Cleaning and Analysis Cross-References References and Readings Surwit, Richard S. Biographical Information Major Accomplishments Cross-References Sustainability Sympathetic Sympathetic Nervous System (SNS) Definition Description Cross-References References and Further Readings Sympathetic Nervous System (SNS) Activation Sympatho-adrenergic Stimulation Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References and Readings Symptom Magnification Syndrome Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References and Readings Symptom Scale Synonyms Definition Cross-References References and Further Readings Symptom-Limited Exercise Test Symptoms Synonyms Definition Cross-References References and Readings Symptoms Inventory Syndrome X Syntocinon (Synthetic Forms) Syringe Exchange Programs Systematic Bias Systematic Desensitization Synonyms Definition Description Joseph Wolpe (1915-1997) Systematic Desensitization Cross-References References and Further Reading Systematic Review Definition Cross-References References and Further Reading Systems Theory Definition Description Influence on Psychotherapy Cross-References References and Readings Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP) Synonyms Definition Cross-References References and Further Reading T Tachycardia Definition Description Normal Determinants of Heart Rate Symptoms of Tachycardia Physiological Cause of the Symptoms Physiological Causes of Tachycardia Cross-References References and Readings Tailored Communications Synonyms Definition Description Background Message Customization Mass-Produced Tailored Communications Early Trials of Tailored Print Communications Movement Toward Different Comparisons Interactive ``Real-Time´´ Tailoring Conclusions and Challenges Cross-References References and Readings Tailored Health Behavior Change Interventions Teens Telehealth Telehealth Cost-Effectiveness Telencephalon Telephone Coaching Telepsychology Telomere and Telomerase Definition Description Cross-References References and Readings Temporal Temporal Self-Regulation Theory Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References and Further Readings Tension Terminal Care Tertiary Care Testicular Neoplasms Testoid Thanatophobia Thanksgiving The KIHD Study, in Finnish also: SVVT (Sepelvaltimotaudin vaaratekijätutkimus) Theories of Behavior Change Theory Synonyms Definition Cross-References References and Readings Theory of Reasoned Action Definition Description Description of the Theoretical Factors Evaluation of the Model Measurement of the Theory of Planned Behavior Constructs Cross-References References and Readings Therapy, Family and Marital Synonyms Definition Description Family Therapy Techniques Marital Therapy Prevention Programs Efficacy of Marital and Family Therapy Application to Behavioral Medicine Cross-References References and Readings Therapy, Occupational Synonyms Definition Description References and Further Reading Therapy, Physical Thoughts Thriving Thrombosis Tinnitus Synonyms Definition Description References and Further Readings Tinnitus and Cognitive Behavior Therapy Synonyms Definition Description Distress and Tinnitus Theories Treatments Conclusion Cross-References References and Readings Tiredness Tissue Repair Tobacco Tobacco Advertising Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References and Readings Tobacco Cessation Tobacco Control Synonyms Definition Description Introduction Elements of Tobacco Control Reduction of Demand for Tobacco Reduction of the Supply of Tobacco Other Aspects of Tobacco Control Implementation of International Tobacco Control Cross-References References and Further Readings Tobacco Marketing Tobacco Policy Tobacco Promotion Tobacco Smoking and Health Tobacco Smoking Cessation Tobacco Use Tonic REM Total Cholesterol Total Cholesterol in the Blood Total Sleep Time Touch Traditional Chinese Medicine Trail-Making Test Synonyms Definition Cross-References References and Further Reading Trails Trait Anger Synonyms Definition Cross-References References and Further Readings Trait Anxiety Synonyms Definition Cross-References References and Further Readings Traits Trans Fats Trans Fatty Acids Synonyms Definition References and Readings Transactional Model Transcendental Meditation Synonyms Definition Cross-References References and Readings Transducer Synonyms Definition Cross-References References and Further Readings Trans-fatty Acids Transfer RNA Transformational Coping Translational Behavioral Medicine Synonyms Definition Description T1 Translation Intervention Development Intervention Optimization T2 Translation T3 Translation Cross-References References and Further Reading Translational Research Transmethylation Transtheoretical Model of Behavior Change Synonyms Definition Description References and Further Reading Trauma, Early Life Traumatic Brain Injury Synonyms Definition Description Epidemiology of Traumatic Brain Injury Mechanism of Injury Open or Penetrating Head Injury Closed Head Injury Consequences of Traumatic Brain Injury Neuropsychological Consequences of TBI Cross-References References and Readings Treatment of Fatigue Trier Social Stress Test Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References and Further Readings Triglyceride Synonyms Definition Cross-References References and Readings tRNA Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha (TNF-Alpha) Synonyms Definition Cross-References References and Readings TV Viewing Twin Studies Definition Cross-References References and Further Reading Type 1 Diabetes Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Synonyms Definition Cross-References References and Readings Type 2 Diabetes Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Synonyms Definition Cross-References References and Readings Type 2 Diabetes Prevention Type A Behavior Definition Cross-References References and Further Reading Type D Personality Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References and Readings U Understanding Unexplained Patient Complaints Unexplained Symptoms Unintentional Nonadherence Synonyms Definition Cross-References References and Readings Unipolar Depression Synonyms Definition and Description Etiology Diagnosis Comorbidity with Medical Disorders Treatment Adherence Conclusion Cross-References References and Further Reading United States Department of Labor Units of Nature Univariate Analysis Definition Cross-References References and Further Reading Unprotected Sex Upper Respiratory Infection (Mild) Upper Respiratory Infection (Mild): Cause Upper Respiratory Infection (Mild): The Stress Factor Urothelial Carcinoma of the Bladder Usability Evaluation Usability Testing Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References and Further Reading User-Centered Design Approaches Usual Care Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References and Further Reading Usual Care Arm Uutela, Antti Biographical Information Major Accomplishments V Validity Definition Cross-References References and Further Reading Variability Variance Synonyms Definition Cross-References Vascular Abnormalities, Function Description References and Readings Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) Definition Cross-References References and Readings Vascular Headache Vasoconstriction Definition Cross-References References and Readings Vasodilation, Vasodilatory Functions Definition Description Vasopressin Background Physiological Relevance Control of Release/Secretion Localization/Molecular Biology Behavioral Actions Vegetative Nervous System Venereal Diseases Ventromedial Nucleus Video Applications Videogames Vigilance Viral Hepatitis Virtual Communities Virtual Humans Virtual Reality Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References and Further Reading Visceral Adiposity Visceral Nervous System Visible Difference Visualization Vital Exhaustion Definition Description Cross-References References and Further Reading Vital Status Vitality Definition Description Overview Active Life Expectancy Psychological Indicators of Vitality Future Directions Cross-References References and Readings VO2max Test Vocal Group Vocational Assessment Synonyms Definition and Description Characteristics of Vocational Assessment Types of Vocational Assessment Labor Market Information Role and Function Disability Accommodation Multicultural Concerns Cross-References References and Further Readings Vocational Evaluation Vocational Rehabilitation Definition Description Stepped-Care Approach and Differential Care Multidisciplinary Vocational Rehabilitation Effective Principles Cross-References References and Further Reading VR Vulnerabilities W Waist Circumference Waist Circumference (WC) Synonyms Definition Cross-References References and Readings Waist Girth Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References and Further Reading Waist Size Synonyms Definition Cross-References References and Further Reading Waist to Hip Ratio Synonyms Definition Cross-References References and Further Reading Warmth Water Pill Ways of Coping Checklist (WCCL) Definition Subscales Scoring Interpretation References and Readings Wearable Fitness Trackers Web-Based Studies Weight Weight Loss Weight Loss Surgery Weight: Control, Gain/Loss/Reduction, Maintenance, Monitoring Definition Description Weight Control Weight Gain/Loss/Reduction/Maintenance Monitoring Cross-References References and Readings Weighted Sample Definition Cross-References References and Further Reading Weiss, Stephen M. Biographical Information Major Accomplishments Cross-References References and Readings Welfare Well-Being Well-Being Technologies Well-Being: Physical, Psychological, and Social Synonyms Definition Description Psychological Well-Being (PsWB) Social Well-Being (SWB) Physical Well-Being Conclusions and Future Directions Cross-References References and Further Reading Wellbutrin Wellness Wellness Coaching Whitehall Study Definition Cross-References References and Further Reading Whole Health Whole-Genome Association Study (WGAS) WHR Williams LifeSkills Program Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References and Further Reading Williams Redford B. Jr. Biographical Information Major Accomplishments Cross-References References and Readings Willingness-to-Pay (WTP) Wish for a Hastened Death Women´s Cardiovascular Health Women´s Health Synonyms Definition Description History Advocacy Matters: The Example of Breast Cancer Progress in Women´s Health Research Women´s Mental Health Cross-References References and Readings Women´s Health Initiative (WHI) Definition Description References and Readings Women´s Mental Health Women´s Reproductive Health Women´s Well-Being Work Work Autonomy Work Engagement Work Fulfillment/Non-fulfillment Work Performance Feedback Work Rehabilitation Work Satisfaction/Dissatisfaction Work Tasks Work, Lipids, and Fibrinogen (WOLF) Study Definition References and Further Reading Working Memory Definition Description Cross-References References and Readings Workload Synonyms Definition Cross-References References and Readings Work-Related Health Work-Related Stress Worksite Health Promotion Synonyms Definition Cross-References References and Further Readings World Health Organization (WHO) Basic Information Major Impact on the Field Cross-References References and Further Reading Worldview Worry Synonyms Definition Cross-References References and Further Readings Worship Wound Healing Synonyms Definition Stages of Wound Healing Description Overview Stress Pathways Stress and Anxiety Depression and Other Behavioral Constructs Pain Aging Chronic Wounds Skin Barrier Recovery Health Behaviors Cross-References References and Further Readings Written Disclosure X X-Ray Computed Tomography Y Years of Potential Life Lost (YPLL) Yoga Definition Description Origins Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) Yoga´s Role in Behavioral Medicine Stress Mindfulness Yoga Styles Application of Yoga Cross-References References and Readings Youth Life Orientation Test (Y-LOT) Z Z Distribution Zoloft Zung Depression Inventory Synonyms Definition Description Structure of the SDS Psychometric Properties of the SDS Equations for Converting Scores Between SDS and Other Well-Validated Depression Self-Rating Scales Applications of SDS Cross-References References and Further Reading Zung Depression Rating Scale (ZDRS) Zung Depression Scale Zung Self-Assessment Depression Scale Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS) Zyban
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