Emulsion Science. Basic Principles

Cover......Page 1
Emulsion Science: Basic Principles......Page 3
ISBN-10: 0-387-39682-9......Page 4
Contents......Page 5
Preface......Page 8
Acknowledgments......Page 9
Introduction......Page 10
1.2. High-Pressure Homogenization......Page 14
1.3. Membrane Emulsification......Page 15
1.4. Microchannel Emulsification......Page 16
1.5. Spontaneous Emulsification......Page 19
1.6.1. PIT Method......Page 20
1.6.2. Generalization......Page 23
1.6.3. Examples......Page 25
1.7. Application of a Controlled Shear......Page 27
1.7.1. Emulsion Preparation and Characterization......Page 29
1.7.3. Breaking Mechanisms......Page 30
1.7.4. Generalization......Page 34
1.7.5. Parameters Governing the Rayleigh Instability......Page 35
1.7.6. Examples of Monodisperse Materials......Page 41
1.8. Conclusion......Page 49
2.2. Long-Range Forces......Page 61
2.2.1. Techniques for Surface Force Measurements......Page 62
2.2.2. Recent Advances......Page 66
2.3.1. Energy of Adhesion and Contact Angles......Page 98
2.3.2. Experimental Measurements of the Adhesive Energy......Page 102
2.4. Conclusion......Page 106
3.2.1. Experimental Observations......Page 114
3.2.2. Models for Phase Transitions......Page 127
3.3. Gelation and Kinetically Induced Ordering......Page 129
3.4. Conclusion......Page 132
4.1. Introduction......Page 135
4.2. Basic Concepts......Page 136
4.3.2. Compressibility Measurements......Page 137
4.4.1. Experimental Results......Page 138
4.4.2. Theoretical Approaches......Page 141
4.5. Compressibility and Elasticity of Solid-Stabilized Emulsions......Page 144
4.5.1. Osmotic Stress Resistance Measurements......Page 145
4.5.2. Surface Properties: Elasticity and Plasticity......Page 146
4.6. Conclusion......Page 149
5.1. Introduction......Page 152
5.2. Ostwald Ripening......Page 153
5.3.1. General Phenomenology and Microscopic Description......Page 155
5.4. Measurements of the Coalescence Frequency......Page 159
5.4.1. Simple Emulsions Stabilized by Surfactants......Page 160
5.4.2. Double Emulsions Stabilized by Surfactants......Page 166
5.4.3. Simple Emulsions Stabilized by Solid Particles......Page 168
5.5. Gelation and Homothetic Contraction......Page 172
5.6. Partial Coalescence in Emulsions Comprising Partially Crystallized Droplets......Page 176
5.7. Conclusion......Page 177
6.1. Introduction......Page 182
6.2.1. Emulsion Preparation......Page 183
6.2.2. General Phenomenology......Page 185
6.2.3. Role of the Hydrophilic Surfactant in Inducing Coalescence......Page 187
6.2.4. Kinetics of Release......Page 191
6.2.5. Water Transport Under Osmotic Pressure Mismatch......Page 196
6.3. W/O/W Polymer-Stabilized Emulsions......Page 197
6.3.1. Phenomenological Model for Compositional Ripening......Page 200
6.3.2. Microscopic Approaches of the Permeability: State of State of the Art......Page 201
6.3.3. Influence of Temperature on Compositional Ripening......Page 202
6.4. Solid-Stabilized Double Emulsions......Page 203
6.5. Conclusion......Page 205
7.2. Emulsions as Biosensors......Page 209
7.2.1. Emulsions for Homogeneous Assays......Page 210
7.2.2. Emulsions for Single Immunocomplex Micromechanics......Page 215
7.3. Emulsions as Nano-reactors......Page 219
7.3.1. Screening of Large Libraries and Directed Enzyme Evolution......Page 220
7.4.1. Colloidal Clusters and Micro-optics......Page 223
General Conclusion......Page 232
Index......Page 234
TrUe LiAr......Page 236