Emperor Dead and Other Historic American Diplomatic Dispatches

"Emperor Dead" and Other Historic American Diplomatic Dispatches......Page 1
CONTENTS......Page 6
THE ADST-DACOR DIPLOMATS AND DIPLOMACY SERIES......Page 15
FOREWORD......Page 16
PREFACE......Page 18
Selecting the Dispatches......Page 19
Usage......Page 21
Sources......Page 22
Acknowledgments......Page 24
INTRODUCTION......Page 26
American Representatives Abroad: The Authors......Page 28
Service Abroad......Page 31
Diplomats, Consuls, and Protocol......Page 33
The Home Front: Growth of the State Department and the Foreign Service......Page 37
The Development of Diplomatic and Consular Reporting......Page 40
The Cycles of History......Page 44
Notes......Page 45
PART I— THE EARLY NATIONAL PERIOD: 1776–1815......Page 47
The First Dispatch......Page 48
''Declaration of Independency" Presented to France......Page 51
1780–1781 Prisoner in the Tower......Page 52
Capture......Page 53
1781 Wolf at the Door......Page 54
1783 Establishing Broad Relations......Page 55
1783 Franklin on Peace......Page 56
1785 Thirteen Ministers for Thirteen States?......Page 57
1785 John Adams Meets George III: "An Epoch in . . . History"......Page 59
1786 Jefferson Urges War against the Barbary States......Page 61
1786 Trade with China......Page 62
1789–1794 The French Revolution......Page 65
The Revolution Begins......Page 66
Storming of the Bastille......Page 67
The Reign of Terror......Page 69
Execution of Louis XVI......Page 70
Execution of Marie Antoinette......Page 71
Fall of Robespierre......Page 72
1793 Help for American Captives in Algiers: ''Twelve Cents a Day"......Page 73
1797 Bribery in Paris: The XYZ Affair......Page 75
1798 Pirates in New Orleans......Page 77
1798 Naval Tensions with Britain: American Fleet Captured Off Havana......Page 80
1801 Tripoli Declares War: "Our Flag-staff Was Chopped Down"......Page 81
"No Policy but His Power"......Page 82
1803 Bargaining for Louisiana......Page 83
A Bargaining Session......Page 84
Close to a Deal......Page 86
1803 Transfer of Louisiana......Page 87
1805 Napoleon Victorious: "A Very Favorable" Situation for the United States......Page 89
1806 The British Move into Africa: The Cape of Good Hope......Page 91
1808 Threatened by the Dey of Algiers......Page 92
1813 Napoleon's Retreat from Moscow......Page 94
1814 Treaty of Ghent Signed......Page 96
1815 Waterloo......Page 98
PART II— YEARS OF U.S. EXPANSION: 1816–1860......Page 100
1818 Description of Oregon and California......Page 101
1820–1821 The Acquisition of Florida......Page 104
Taking Possession......Page 105
1821 Surrender of Lima to San Martín: "South America . . . Forever Free"......Page 106
1821 Independence of Mexico......Page 107
1824 Suppression of the Slave Trade......Page 112
1824 Pirates of the Caribbean......Page 114
1827 Consular Service on the Western Frontier: "The Indians Stole My Horses"......Page 115
1828–1829 The Demise of Greater Colombia......Page 116
Revolt in Greater Colombia......Page 117
Prelude to Venezuela......Page 118
1830 The French in Algeria: "Fear and Blood"......Page 119
1830 France's July Revolution: "One of the Most Wonderful . . . in the History of the World"......Page 120
1831 Preserving the Peace......Page 122
1835 War in South Africa......Page 124
1838 Savagery in Tahiti: "Twelf Wounds, Five upon My Head"......Page 125
1840 Prelude to the Opium War......Page 127
1842 "Texians" to Arms as Mexicans Invade......Page 129
1842 The French Seize Tahiti......Page 131
1843 Insurgents Take Madrid......Page 133
1846 The Acquisition of New Mexico: ''Our Country Has Acquired without Bloodshed a Province"......Page 135
1847 The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo: Expanding the Country without Instructions......Page 138
1848 Recognizing the Republic of Venice......Page 139
1851 Gold and Opportunity in Australia......Page 141
1853 Guerrilla Warfare in Southeast Asia: The British in Burma......Page 143
1853 First Visit to the Interior of China......Page 144
1854 First Attempt to Annex Hawaii......Page 148
1854 The Ostend Manifesto......Page 150
1855 British Ignorance of U.S. Politics......Page 151
1855 A Consular Case: "Assault with Intent to Commit Murder"......Page 153
1857 The Indian Mutiny: "India Is Held by the Sword"......Page 156
1858 Emancipation of the Russian Serfs......Page 158
1858 Nicaragua: An Incident en Route to the Capital......Page 160
PART III— THE CIVIL WAR ERA: 1861–1867......Page 162
The French Reaction......Page 163
The Portuguese Reaction......Page 164
The Russian Reaction......Page 165
The Spanish Reaction......Page 166
The Mexican Reaction......Page 167
1861 The Death of Cavour, Hero of Italian Unification......Page 168
Arrested and Put in Irons......Page 169
A Protesting Mob......Page 170
1862 The Monitor and the Merrimac: A Swedish Victory?......Page 172
1862 Bureaucratic Mysteries in Japan......Page 173
Great Britain: The Launching of a "Formidable Gunboat"......Page 174
Brazil: Six American Vessels Destroyed by the Alabama......Page 176
Cape Town: "Alabama Arrived on This Coast"......Page 177
France: ''The Kearsarge Sunk the Alabama This Morning"......Page 178
1862 Foreign Recruits......Page 179
Consul Canisius Approaches Garibaldi......Page 180
Secretary of State Seward Replies......Page 182
1862 The Ottoman Empire: A Public Execution......Page 183
1862 China's First Flag......Page 184
1862 The Emancipation Proclamation: Turning the Tide in Europe......Page 185
1863 Turmoil in the Balkans......Page 186
1863 Japan: Legation Destroyed, No Fire Insurance......Page 188
1863 Discovery of the Source of the Nile......Page 189
1864 Tunisia's Tax Revolt......Page 191
1864 Progress in Russia......Page 192
1864 Karl Marx Congratulates Abraham Lincoln......Page 193
Monrovia: "Very Melancholy Tidings"......Page 195
1865 Pestilence and Conflagration in Constantinople......Page 196
1865 Pope Pius IX Comments on World Affairs: ''Anything but Satisfactory"......Page 198
1866 The Fenian Invasion of Canada......Page 199
1866 Insurrection in Spain: "My House Was Hit by One Cannon Ball"......Page 202
1866 The Austro-Prussian War: Moving toward a German Empire......Page 203
1866 The Continents United: The Transatlantic Cable......Page 205
1866 Arresting a Lincoln Conspirator......Page 206
1867 The Purchase of Alaska: "Seward's Folly"......Page 207
1867 The Saga of Maximilian......Page 208
The Siege of Mexico......Page 209
The Execution of Maximilian......Page 211
PART IV— A PERIOD OF U.S. ISOLATION: 1868–1882......Page 212
1868 Eyewitness to a Hara-Kiri......Page 213
1868 A Grave Robber in Korea......Page 215
1868 Earthquake: ''Ecuador Is in Ruins"......Page 217
The Death of Dr. Livingstone......Page 219
1871 A Prussian Victory: Paris Seems . . . to Have Died"......Page 220
1871 The Paris Commune......Page 222
The Commune Begins......Page 223
Paris in Flames......Page 224
1871 Indian Depredations: "Murdering and Marauding Savages" on the Mexican Border......Page 226
1873 Earthquake in San Salvador: ''A Terrific Reverberation, which Baffles Description"......Page 228
1873 The Shah of Persia: "Studded All over with Diamonds, Rubies"......Page 230
1873 Slaves for the Harem: Helpless Women and Eunuchs......Page 231
1875 Anti-Jesuit Riots in Argentina......Page 233
1875 A Court Occasion in Athens: Dancing with the Queen......Page 235
1875 Eyewitness to an Attempted Revolution in Bolivia: "A Memorable Day"......Page 236
1877 Freeing a Slave in Egypt......Page 238
1877 Shooting at the Moon in Constantinople: "A Curious Custom"......Page 240
The Marriage of the King: "Comically Like a Scene from Cinderella"......Page 241
Death of the Queen: "A National Calamity"......Page 244
1879 Cleopatra's Needle: An Obelisk for New York......Page 246
1879 A Plague of Grasshoppers in the Caucasus......Page 247
1879 The German-Austrian Alliance......Page 248
French Expansion in West Africa......Page 251
The French Move into Central Africa......Page 252
A French Protectorate in Madagascar......Page 253
1880–1881 Czar Assassinated......Page 254
"Emperor Dead"......Page 255
1880 The Consulate in Bangkok: In a "Disgraceful Condition"......Page 256
1881 Lima Surrenders to Chilean Forces......Page 257
1881 Immigration and Epidemic in Hawaii......Page 259
1881 Pogroms in Russia: "More Worthy of the Dark Ages Than of the Present Century"......Page 260
1881 A Memorial for President Garfield......Page 262
PART V— THE LATE NINETEENTH CENTURY: 1883–1897......Page 264
1883 The Steamship Aurania: "The Most Remarkable Ship that Has Ever Been Built"......Page 265
1883 The Siamese Royal Elephant Hunt......Page 267
1883 Eruption of Krakatau......Page 269
1883 Antiforeign Riots in Canton: ''An Interesting Day"......Page 271
1884 Early Vladivostok: "Caviar and Vodka"......Page 273
1884 Accepting the Statue of Liberty......Page 274
1885 Korea: Execution of Revolutionists......Page 276
The Union Proclaimed......Page 277
The Union Ended......Page 278
1885 Conditions in Central Africa......Page 279
1886 End of Arab Power in East Africa......Page 283
1887 The Trans-Siberian Railroad......Page 284
1888 The Rothschilds at the Court of Vienna: "A Great Sensation"......Page 285
China: Slavery Still Exists......Page 286
Brazil: Emancipation......Page 287
1889 The Birth of International Organizations......Page 288
1889 New Constitution for Japan: "The Most Important Political Event in the History of the Empire"......Page 290
1889 Revolution in Brazil: "The Most Remarkable . . . in History"......Page 292
1890 A Sacred and Curious Gift from Japan: A Rope of Human Hair......Page 294
War......Page 295
Good Offices......Page 296
1890 Conditions in Haiti: "Full of Promise"......Page 297
1891 Civil War in Chile......Page 299
1891 A Chinese Emperor's Daily Routine: "More Work than Any Other Sovereign"......Page 300
1892 Famine in Russia: ''The Distress . . . Can Hardly Be Overstated"......Page 302
1893 Punishment in Persia: Eighteen Lashes for Insulting an American......Page 303
1893 Hawaii: A U.S. Protectorate......Page 305
1893 Riots in Peru: Bullet in Leg but Archives Saved......Page 307
1894 The Mosquito Reservation: "American to the Core"......Page 308
Epidemic......Page 310
Slavery......Page 312
Persian Rugs: A Health Hazard......Page 313
1894 The Sino-Japanese War......Page 314
1894 An Arrest on the Mexican Border......Page 315
1896 Shah of Persia Assassinated......Page 316
PART VI— EMERGENCE OF THE UNITED STATES AS A WORLD POWER: 1898–1919......Page 318
Rioting and Rumors......Page 319
The Maine Arrives......Page 320
The Maine Destroyed......Page 321
1898 Anti-American Riots in Spain......Page 322
1898 The Battle of Manila Bay......Page 324
Gold in the Yukon......Page 326
The Rush to Nome......Page 327
The Vice Consul's Claim......Page 328
1900 The Boer War: "The Afrikander . . . Is to Be the Ruling Race of South Africa"......Page 329
1900 The Boxer Rebellion: The Siege at Peking......Page 332
1901 End of an Era: The Death of Queen Victoria......Page 336
1901 Greece: Rioting against a Vulgar Bible......Page 337
1901 First Nobel Prizes......Page 339
1902 Universal Suffrage Riots in Belgium......Page 341
1902 Establishing the Rhodes Scholarship......Page 342
1903 Lawlessness in Lebanon: "Beirut Is Unsafe"......Page 343
1904 Kurdish Outlaws: "Love of Blood and Pillage"......Page 344
1906 Unrest in Moscow......Page 346
1906 A Nobel Prize for President Roosevelt......Page 350
1908 Atrocities in the Congo......Page 352
1908 Constitutional Government in Turkey......Page 354
1914–1917 Crisis with Mexico......Page 356
Prisoner of the Mexicans......Page 357
Mexican Raid on Texas......Page 358
Pancho Villa's Depredations: "Bodies Left like Carrion"......Page 359
1914 Europe on the Brink of War......Page 360
Civilization Threatened......Page 361
Tears and Heartbreak......Page 362
A Long War......Page 363
Germany Walking through the Opposing Forces......Page 364
Elections......Page 365
1915 Human Shields at Gallipoli......Page 366
1915 Armenian Genocide......Page 367
1915 An Ambassador's Observation: "The Whole German People Is Dangerously Mad"......Page 370
1917 The Zimmermann Telegram......Page 371
1917 The Russian Revolution......Page 372
PART VII— THE WORLD IN UPHEAVAL: 1920–1945......Page 375
1921 Sun Yat-sen Elected President of China......Page 376
1922 Nicaragua: The U.S. Minister Quells a Revolution......Page 377
1923 Earthquake in Japan......Page 379
1925 Revolt in Damascus......Page 380
1927 Besieged by a Chinese Mob......Page 381
1927 The Kellogg-Briand Pact: A Protocol to Outlaw War......Page 382
1930 An Early Nazi Victory: Banning a Movie......Page 383
1931 Views on Japan's Invasion of Manchuria......Page 385
1932 Communist Uprising in El Salvador......Page 386
1933 The Reichstag Fire: The Nazi Ascent to Power......Page 387
Germany: "A Very Dangerous Situation"......Page 390
An Assessment of the Nazi Leadership: "Unscrupulous Adventurers . . . Touched with Madness"......Page 391
1933 Batista Seizes Power in Cuba......Page 393
1934 Establishing Relations with the Soviet Union......Page 395
1934 Nazis Assassinate the Austrian Chancellor......Page 398
1936 The Italian Invasion of Ethiopia......Page 399
1936, 1938 The Spanish Civil War......Page 401
The Revolt Begins......Page 402
Bombing Civilians......Page 403
Churchill: England Will Never Give Up......Page 404
Kennedy: "The Situation . . . Could Not Be Worse"......Page 405
1940 The Fall of France......Page 406
Communists in the French Army......Page 407
France Defenseless......Page 408
"The Greatest Attack in Human History"......Page 409
1941 Early Warning of Pearl Harbor......Page 410
1942 Gandhi and Civil Disobedience......Page 411
1945 Suing for Peace......Page 412
Himmler's Peace Proposal......Page 413
The Japanese Propose Surrender......Page 414
PART VIII— THE COLD WAR: 1946–1964......Page 415
1946 Progress in Honduras......Page 416
1946 Revolution in Bolivia: Chance for Democracy......Page 417
1948 Churchill on the Soviets: "Raze Their Cities"......Page 418
1948 The Birth of Israel......Page 419
Prelude to Independence......Page 420
The Battle for Jerusalem......Page 421
The Siege of Jerusalem......Page 422
Assassination of a UN Envoy......Page 423
1948 The Berlin Airlift......Page 424
A Call on the Ambassador......Page 425
Beaten in a Communist Jail: "No American Now Safe in China"......Page 426
1949 Indonesian Independence......Page 428
1950 Tito Comments on His Revolution......Page 429
1950 The Perón Regime: "One of the Most Dramatic . . . Experiments in the History of the World"......Page 431
1950 Riots in South Africa......Page 433
"An All Out Offense against ROK"......Page 435
Korean President: ''The Situation Came as No Surprise"......Page 436
1951 Establishing a Mission in Kuwait......Page 437
1953 The Mau Mau Revolt......Page 438
1954 Dien Bien Phu: The French Defeated in Vietnam......Page 441
Nehru's Views......Page 443
Tito's Views......Page 444
1955 Military Tensions in China......Page 446
1956 The Suez Crisis......Page 447
Ben-Gurion on Israeli Mobilization......Page 448
Nasser on Egypt's Military Reverses......Page 449
1956 The Hungarian Uprising......Page 450
1957 Sputnik......Page 452
1959–1960 Castro and Communism in Cuba......Page 453
The New Government: A "Friendly Relationship Can Be Established"......Page 454
Reassessing Castro......Page 456
No Hope of Good Relations......Page 458
Cuba Is Communist......Page 459
1961 The Berlin Wall......Page 460
1961 Vietnam: A "Powder Keg"......Page 462
Planning the Overthrow of Diem......Page 464
The Coup Under Way......Page 466
1964 The Gulf of Tonkin Incident......Page 467
B......Page 469
C......Page 470
D......Page 471
F......Page 472
G......Page 473
H......Page 474
K......Page 475
M......Page 476
O......Page 477
R......Page 478
S......Page 479
T......Page 480
Z......Page 481