Emerging Wireless Technologies and the Future Mobile Internet

Contents......Page 6
List of Contributors......Page 10
Foreword......Page 12
Acknowledgments......Page 14
1.1 Background......Page 16
1.2 Wireless Technology Roadmap......Page 17
1.3 Wireless Networking Scenarios......Page 19
1.4 Classifying Wireless Networking Scenarios......Page 25
1.4.2 Scenario B -- Constellations of Wireless Devices ("Ad hoc Nets'')......Page 26
1.4.3 Scenario C -- Pervasive Systems and Sensor Networks ("Sensor Nets'')......Page 27
1.5 Future Network Requirements......Page 29
1.6 Discussion......Page 32
References......Page 33
Abstract......Page 34
2.1 Technology and Service Trends of Emerging Wireless Standards......Page 35
2.2.1 Emerging IEEE WLAN Standards......Page 37
2.2.2 Emerging IEEE WPAN Standards......Page 39
2.2.3 Emerging 3GPP and IEEE Mobile Broadband Access Standards......Page 40
2.3 Spectrum Management and Cognitive Radio Networks......Page 42
2.4 All IP Mobile Networks......Page 44
2.5 Mobility and Vertical Handover......Page 49
2.6.1 IETF MANET Routing Protocols......Page 55
2.6.2 IEEE 802.11s WLAN Mesh Networking......Page 58
2.6.3 IEEE 802.16j WMAN Multihop Relay......Page 62
2.6.4 IEEE 802.15.5 WPAN Mesh......Page 64
References......Page 66
3.1 Introduction and Motivation......Page 69
3.2.2 Flat Ad Hoc Networks......Page 70
3.2.4 Infrastructure-Aided Network Structure......Page 71
3.2.5 Hierarchical Hybrid Wireless Network Structure......Page 72
3.3.1 Medium Access Control......Page 73
3.3.2 Self-Organization and Discovery......Page 80
3.3.3 Routing......Page 82
3.3.4 Transport Control Protocol......Page 88
3.4 Cross-Layer Adaptive Mechanisms......Page 90
3.4.1 Cross-Layer Routing Metric......Page 91
3.4.2 Integrated Routing and MAC Scheduling......Page 96
3.5.1 Glue Network......Page 99
3.5.3 Seamless Integration......Page 100
References......Page 101
4.1 Introduction......Page 107
4.2 Design Principles......Page 109
4.3.1 Delay and Disruption Tolerant Networking (DTN) (RFC 4838)......Page 111
4.3.2 BBN's SPINDLE......Page 114
4.3.3 KioskNet......Page 118
4.4 Converged Architecture......Page 123
4.4.1 Cache and Forward (CNF) Network Design Goals......Page 124
4.4.2 Architecture......Page 126
4.4.3 Protocols......Page 128
4.4.4 Performance of Protocols in CNF Architecture......Page 131
References......Page 137
5.1 Introduction......Page 140
5.2 Link Layer Protocols......Page 141
5.2.1 B-MAC......Page 142
5.2.2 X-MAC......Page 144
5.2.4 Link Quality Estimation......Page 145
5.3 Tree-Based Routing......Page 147
5.3.1 CTP: Collection Tree Protocol......Page 148
5.3.2 In-network Aggregation......Page 149
5.4 Dissemination......Page 150
5.4.2 Drip......Page 151
5.4.3 DIP......Page 152
5.5 Reliable Transport......Page 154
5.5.1 Flush......Page 155
5.5.2 RCRT......Page 156
5.6.1 The Flooding Time Synchronization Protocol......Page 157
5.6.2 Localization Using Acoustic Ranging......Page 159
5.7 Cross-Layer Concerns......Page 160
5.8.2 IP-Based Routing Protocols......Page 162
5.9 Sensor Networks and the Future Internet......Page 163
5.10 Conclusions......Page 165
References......Page 166
6.1.1 Individuals Carrying Mobile Phones as Sensors......Page 169
6.1.2 Types of Participatory Sensing......Page 170
6.1.3 Application Space......Page 171
6.2 Context Inference and Coordination......Page 173
6.2.1 Architecture Components......Page 175
6.2.2 Multipart Profiles......Page 177
6.3.1 Verifying Participant Context (Location)......Page 181
6.3.3 Verifying Human Contributions......Page 182
6.3.4 Reputation Measure for Contributors......Page 183
6.4.1 Privacy Principles......Page 184
6.4.2 Personal Data Vault......Page 186
6.4.3 Resolution Control and Resampling......Page 187
6.5 Implications for the Future Internet......Page 188
References......Page 189
7.1 Introduction......Page 193
7.2 Software-Defined Radio Architecture and Challenges......Page 195
7.2.1 Delay in Software-Defined Radios......Page 196
7.2.2 Implications of SDR Latency on Cognitive Protocol Implementations......Page 197
7.3 Core Cognitive Radio and MAC Functions......Page 198
7.4.1 SDR Architectural Limitations......Page 200
7.4.2 Overcoming the Limitations......Page 201
7.5 Evaluating the Split-Functionality Approachfor Cognitive Radio Networks......Page 202
7.5.1 Spectrum Sensing and Carrier Sense......Page 203
7.5.2 Fast Packet Recognition......Page 205
7.5.3 Access to Physical Layer Information and Fine-GrainedRadio Control......Page 207
7.6.1 Bluetooth-Like TDMA Protocol......Page 209
7.6.2 802.11-Like CSMA Protocol......Page 210
7.6.3 Supporting Cognitive Switching of the MAC Layer......Page 211
7.7 Related Work......Page 213
7.8 Conclusions......Page 214
References......Page 215
Abstract......Page 216
8.1 Introduction......Page 217
8.2.1 VANET vs. MANET: What Is the Difference?......Page 219
8.2.2 Emerging Vehicular Applications......Page 222
8.3 Enabling Protocols......Page 231
8.3.1 Regulations and Standards......Page 232
8.3.2 Broadcast Protocols for Safety Applications......Page 234
8.3.3 Emerging Geo-Protocols......Page 236
8.3.4 Security......Page 238
8.4 The Role of the Infrastructure: MobiMESH and GLS......Page 240
8.4.1 The MobiMESH Architecture......Page 242
8.4.2 The Geo-Location Service (GLS)......Page 243
8.5 Vehicular Testbeds......Page 244
8.5.1 C-VeT Architecture......Page 245
8.5.2 ORBIT Vehicular Testbed......Page 251
8.6 Conclusions......Page 252
References......Page 253
Abstract......Page 257
9.1 Security Challenges Facing the Future Wireless Internet......Page 258
9.2 The Final Frontier: Introducing the Physical into Security......Page 259
9.3 Platform and Device-Level Assurance......Page 261
9.3.1 Security and Cognitive Radios......Page 262
9.4 Location as an Enabler for Security Services......Page 268
9.4.1 Location-Based Recognition of Spoofing Attacks......Page 269
9.4.2 Location-Oriented Multicast Key Management......Page 272
9.4.3 Location-Aware Key Distribution for a Homogeneous Medium......Page 282
9.5 Using the Physical Layer to Enhance Security......Page 287
9.5.1 System Model......Page 288
9.6 Concluding Remarks......Page 293
References......Page 294
10.1 Introduction......Page 298
10.2.1 Design Requirements......Page 301
10.2.3 Key Components for Flexible Wireless Experimentation......Page 302
10.3.1 ORBIT: Indoor Wireless Testbed for Ad hoc and Mesh Networking......Page 306
10.3.2 Kansei Sensor Networking Testbed......Page 309
10.3.3 VT-CORNET......Page 313
10.4 Global Environment for Network Innovations (GENI)......Page 315
10.5 Concluding Remarks......Page 323
References......Page 324
11 Concluding Remarks......Page 327