Emergency Medicine: Expert Consult

Cover......Page 1
Copyright......Page 2
Dedication......Page 3
Contributors......Page 8
Preface......Page 24
Basic Airway Management......Page 28
Advanced Airway Management......Page 42
Mechanical Ventilation......Page 56
Circulatory Assessment and Support......Page 64
Ultrasound-Guided Vascular Access......Page 78
Dysrhythmias in Cardiorespiratory Arrest......Page 84
Trauma Resuscitation......Page 102
The Focused Assessment with Sonography for Trauma......Page 110
Ethics of Resuscitation......Page 118
Emergency Medical Services and Disaster Medicine......Page 122
Procedural Sedation......Page 136
Local and Regional Anesthesia......Page 146
Resuscitation in Pregnancy......Page 158
Newborn Resuscitation......Page 164
Pediatric Resuscitation......Page 178
Pediatric Trauma......Page 188
General Approach to the Pediatric Patient......Page 206
The First Weeks of Life......Page 210
Infants and Toddlers......Page 224
Eye Emergencies......Page 238
Ear Emergencies......Page 258
Dental Emergencies......Page 272
Pharynx and Throat Emergencies......Page 290
Maxillofacial Disorders......Page 302
Approach to the Patient with Abdominal Pain......Page 316
Esophageal Disorders......Page 326
Diseases of the Stomach......Page 338
Gastrointestinal Bleeding......Page 348
Mesenteric Ischemia......Page 356
Diverticulitis......Page 366
Inflammatory Bowel Disease......Page 372
Constipation......Page 378
Hernias......Page 386
Appendicitis......Page 396
Bowel Obstructions......Page 404
Anorectal Disorders......Page 410
Hepatic Disease......Page 420
Pancreatitis......Page 432
Biliary Disease......Page 438
Emergency Biliary Ultrasonography......Page 450
Pediatric Abdominal Disorders......Page 456
Gastrointestinal Devices and Procedures......Page 462
Complications of Bariatric Surgery......Page 472
Asthma and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease......Page 482
Lung Infections......Page 502
Pneumothorax......Page 512
Pleural Effusion......Page 522
The Lung Transplant Patient in the Emergency Department......Page 530
Cardiac Imaging and Stress Testing......Page 540
Congestive Heart Failure......Page 548
Bradyarrhythmias......Page 562
Tachycardias......Page 576
Pericarditis, Pericardial Tamponade, and Myocarditis......Page 598
Cardiac Valvular Emergencies......Page 614
Endocarditis......Page 622
Pediatric Cardiac Emergencies......Page 642
Chest Pain......Page 652
Emergencies Associated with Permanently Implanted Cardiac Devices......Page 660
Acute Coronary Syndrome......Page 670
Aortic Dissection......Page 692
Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm......Page 704
Aortic Emergency Ultrasound......Page 714
Peripheral Arterial Disease......Page 718
Hypertensive Crisis......Page 728
Pulmonary Embolism......Page 740
Venous Thrombosis and Venous Disorders......Page 750
Emergency Lower Extremity Venous Ultrasonography for Deep Vein Thrombosis......Page 760
Traumatic Brain Injury......Page 768
How to Read a Head CT Scan......Page 778
Spine Trauma and Spinal Cord Injury......Page 790
Facial Trauma......Page 808
Penetrating Neck Trauma......Page 822
Thoracic Trauma......Page 830
Blunt Abdominal Trauma......Page 852
Penetrating Abdominal Trauma......Page 866
Pelvic Fractures......Page 876
Genitourinary Trauma......Page 882
Hip and Femur Injuries......Page 894
Knee and Lower Leg Injuries......Page 900
Foot and Ankle Injuries......Page 922
Tendinitis and Bursitis......Page 936
Injuries to the Shoulder Girdle......Page 948
Forearm Fractures......Page 958
Hand and Wrist Injuries......Page 964
Arterial and Venous Trauma and Great Vessel Injuries......Page 978
Acute Compartment Syndrome......Page 986
Low Back Pain......Page 994
Pediatric Orthopedic Emergencies......Page 1002
Altered Mental Status and Coma......Page 1010
Cranial Nerve Disorders......Page 1018
Vertigo......Page 1032
Peripheral Nerve Disorders......Page 1056
Demyelinating Disorders......Page 1068
Seizures......Page 1076
Transient Ischemic Attack and Acute Ischemic Stroke......Page 1088
Headache......Page 1108
Intracranial and Other Central Nervous System Lesions......Page 1118
Intracranial Hemorrhages......Page 1130
Syncope......Page 1142
Delirium and Dementia......Page 1148
Neurologic Procedures......Page 1158
Allergies, Allergic Disease, and Anaphylaxis......Page 1166
Arthritis and Inflammatory Joint and Synovial Disorders......Page 1182
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus......Page 1200
Connective Tissue and Inflammatory Disorders......Page 1208
Vasculitis Syndromes......Page 1220
Male Genitourinary Emergencies......Page 1234
Nephrolithiasis......Page 1242
Hematuria......Page 1252
Pediatric Genitourinary and Renal Disorders......Page 1256
Renal Failure......Page 1268
Emergency Renal Ultrasonography......Page 1278
Dialysis-Related Emergencies......Page 1282
Renal Transplant Complications......Page 1290
The Healthy Pregnancy......Page 1298
Disorders of Early Pregnancy......Page 1310
First-Trimester Ultrasonography: Evaluation for Intrauterine Pregnancy......Page 1324
Complications of Third Trimester Pregnancy......Page 1332
Emergency Delivery and Peripartum Emergencies......Page 1342
Postpartum Emergencies......Page 1356
Gynecologic Pain and Vaginal Bleeding......Page 1366
Complications of Gynecologic Procedures, Abortion, and Assisted Reproductive Technology......Page 1374
Gynecologic Infections......Page 1396
Breast Disorders......Page 1414
Pediatric Gynecologic Disorders......Page 1432
Intimate Partner Violence......Page 1440
Sexual Assault......Page 1446
Emergency Contraception......Page 1454
Heat-Related Injuries......Page 1462
Hypothermia and Frostbite......Page 1470
Lightning and Electrical Injuries......Page 1476
Dysbarisms, Dive Injuries, and Decompression Illness......Page 1484
Submersion Injuries......Page 1498
Acute Radiation Emergencies......Page 1506
Smoke Inhalation......Page 1512
Chemical and Nuclear Agents......Page 1518
General Approach to the Poisoned Patient......Page 1526
Acetaminophen, Aspirin, and NSAIDs......Page 1540
Anticholinergics......Page 1550
Insecticides, Herbicides, and Rodenticides......Page 1558
Antidepressants and Antipsychotics......Page 1572
Cardiovascular Drugs......Page 1582
Sympathomimetics......Page 1598
Hallucinogens and Drugs of Abuse......Page 1606
Toxic Alcohols......Page 1614
Hydrocarbons......Page 1622
Inhaled Toxins......Page 1632
Ethanol and Opioid Intoxication and Withdrawal......Page 1640
Sedative-Hypnotic Agents......Page 1652
Anticonvulsant Drugs......Page 1660
Antimicrobial Drugs......Page 1666
Hypoglycemic Agent Overdose......Page 1674
Over-the-Counter Medications......Page 1680
Pediatric Overdoses......Page 1690
Mammalian Bites......Page 1702
Venomous Snakebites in North America......Page 1708
Arthropod Bites and Stings......Page 1720
Non-Snake Reptile Bites......Page 1730
Marine Envenomation and Injuries......Page 1736
Fluid Management......Page 1744
Acid-Base Disorders......Page 1752
Alcoholic Ketoacidosis......Page 1760
Diabetes and Hyperglycemia......Page 1764
Hypoglycemia......Page 1776
Sodium and Water Balance......Page 1790
Potassium......Page 1796
Calcium, Magnesium, and Phosphorus......Page 1808
Thyroid Disorders......Page 1820
Adrenal Crisis......Page 1828
Rhabdomyolysis......Page 1834
Pituitary Apoplexy......Page 1846
Child with a Fever......Page 1852
Meningitis, Encephalitis, and Brain Abscess......Page 1860
Sepsis......Page 1870
Infections in the Immunocompromised Host......Page 1876
Viral Infections......Page 1884
Human Immunodefi ciency Virus Infection......Page 1896
Fungal Infections......Page 1904
Helminths, Lice, and Scabies Infections......Page 1914
Tetanus......Page 1924
Rabies......Page 1932
Tick-Borne Diseases......Page 1942
Tuberculosis......Page 1952
Epidemic Infections in Bioterrorism......Page 1960
Food- and Water-Borne Infections......Page 1968
Skin and Soft Tissue Infections......Page 1978
Wound Repair......Page 1986
Soft Tissue Injury......Page 1998
Thermal Burns......Page 2010
Chemical Burns......Page 2018
Rash in the Acutely Ill Patient......Page 2026
Localized Rashes, Generalized Rashes, and Pediatric Exanthems......Page 2038
The Emergency Psychiatric Assessment......Page 2062
Psychosis and Psychotropic Medication......Page 2068
The Violent Patient......Page 2072
Self-Harm and Danger to Others......Page 2082
Anxiety and Panic Disorders......Page 2088
Conversion Disorder, Psychosomatic Illness, and Malingering......Page 2094
Addiction......Page 2100
Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa......Page 2110
Introduction to Oncologic Emergencies......Page 2118
Cardiovascular and Neurologic Oncologic Emergencies......Page 2132
White Blood Cell Disorders......Page 2146
Emergency Management of Red Blood Cell Disorders......Page 2156
Leadership and Emergency Medicine......Page 2172
The Quality Movement in Health Care: A Primer......Page 2176
Patient Safety in Emergency Medicine......Page 2186
Confl ict Resolution in Emergency Medicine......Page 2196
Informed Consent and Assessing Decision-Making Capacity in the Emergency Department......Page 2212
Regulatory and Legal Issues in the Emergency Department......Page 2218
Medical-Legal Issues in Emergency Medicine......Page 2224
Coding and Billing......Page 2240
Bonus Chapter 1: Basic Emergency Ultrasound......Page 2246
Bonus Chapter 2: Cardiac Emergency Ultrasound: Evaluating for Pericardial Effusion and Cardiac Activity......Page 2251
Index......Page 2257
Appendix 1: Evidence-Based Medicine......Page 2313
Appendix 2: Antibiotic Recommendations for Empirical Treatment of Selected Infectious Diseases......Page 2325