Elementary Probability with Applications

Basic Concepts in Probability Sample Spaces, Events, and Probabilities Simulations Complementary Events and Mutually Exclusive Events Some Probability Rules Problem Solving Problems Conditional Probability and the Multiplication Rule Conditional Probability Multiplication Rule Problems Independence Independence A Technique for Finding P(A or B or C or …) Problems Combining the Addition and Multiplication Rules Combining the Addition and Multiplication Rules Bayes` Formula Trees Problems Combining the Addition and Multiplication Rules-Applications Simpson`s Paradox Randomized Response Designs Applications in Cryptology Hardy-Weinberg Principle Problems Random Variables, Distributions, and Expected Values Random Variables, Distributions, and Expected Values Problems Joint Distributions and Conditional Expectations Joint Distributions Independent Random Variables Conditional Distributions Conditional Expectations Problems Sampling without Replacement Counting Formula Probabilities for Sampling without Replacement Problems Sampling with Replacement Binomial Model Problems Sampling with Replacement (Continued) Binomial Model (Continued) Problems Binomial Tests Introduction Binomial Tests Problems Appendix Short Answers to Selected Exercises Bibliography Index