Electronics for Embedded Systems

Preface
Contents
About the Author
1 Fundamentals of Passive Circuit Analysis
	1.1 Laplace Transform
	1.2 Definitions of Passive Elements
	1.3 Time-Domain Analysis of First Order Passive Circuits
		1.3.1 RC Circuits
		1.3.2 RL Circuits
	1.4 First Order Passive Circuit Analysis Using Natural Frequencies
	1.5 Time-Domain Analysis of Second Order Passive Circuits
	1.6 Transfer Function and Circuit Stability
2 Diode and Bipolar Transistor Circuits
	2.1 A Brief Review of Semiconductors
	2.2 PN Junction
	2.3 Rectifying Diode Circuits
	2.4 Zener Diode Circuits
	2.5 Light Emitting Diode (LED)
	2.6 Bipolar Transistors
	2.7 Bipolar Transistor Circuits
3 MOS Transistors and CMOS Circuits
	3.1 N-Channel MOSFET (NMOSFET)
	3.2 P-Channel MOSFET (PMOSFET)
	3.3 Complementary MOS (CMOS) Inverter
	3.4 Two-Input CMOS NAND Logic Gate
	3.5 Two-Input CMOS NOR Logic Gate
	3.6 Complex CMOS Logic Gate Implementation
	3.7 Rise and Fall Times
	3.8 Rise and Fall Delays
4 TTL Logic and CMOS-TTL Interface
	4.1 TTL Inverter
	4.2 TTL Inverter with Open Collector
	4.3 Two-Input TTL Nand Logic Gate
	4.4 Two-Input TTL NOR Logic Gate
	4.5 Input Current and Voltage Measurements of a Logic Gate
	4.6 Output Current and Voltage Measurements of a Logic Gate
	4.7 TTL-CMOS Interface with a Pull-up Resistor
	4.8 TTL-CMOS Interface with a Bipolar Transistor
	4.9 CMOS-TTL Interface with a Pull-Down Resistor
	4.10 CMOS-TTL Interface with a Bipolar Transistor
5 Physics of Sensors
	5.1 Thermocouple
	5.2 Photodiode
	5.3 Solar Cell
	5.4 Photo-resistor
	5.5 Piezoelectric Materials and Accelerometers
	5.6 Hall-Effect Devices
6 Operational Amplifiers and Circuits
	6.1 Operational Amplifier Properties
	6.2 Voltage Amplifier Circuits for Sensors
	6.3 Trans-resistance Amplifier Circuits for Sensors
	6.4 Analog Voltage Comparator
	6.5 Schmitt Trigger
	6.6 Square Waveform Generator
7 Data Converters
	7.1 Analog-to-Digital Converter Principles
	7.2 Sample and Hold Principle
	7.3 Flash Type Analog-to-Digital Converter
	7.4 Ramp Type Analog-to-Digital Converter
	7.5 Successive Approximation Type Analog-to-Digital Converter
	7.6 Weighted Sum Type Digital-to-Analog Converter
	7.7 Ladder Type Digital-to-Analog Converter
8 Front-End Electronics for Embedded Systems
	8.1 Electromechanical Device Control
	8.2 Pulse Width Modulation Circuits
	8.3 DC Motor Control
	8.4 Servo Control
	8.5 Hall-Effect Sensor Control
	8.6 Design Project 1: Designing Front-End Electronics for an Analog Microphone
	8.7 Design Project 2: Designing Front-End Electronics for a Temperature Measurement System
	8.8 Project 3: Designing Front-End Electronics for a Light Level Measurement System
	8.9 Project 4: Designing Photo Detector Circuits
	8.10 Project 5: Designing Front-End Electronics for an Optoelectronic Tachometer
	8.11 Project 6: Designing Front-End Electronics for a Hall-Effect-Based Tachometer
9 Review of Combinational and Sequential Logic Circuits and Design
	9.1 Logic Gates
	9.2 Boolean Algebra
	9.3 Designing Combinational Circuits Using Truth Tables
	9.4 Combinational Logic Minimization—Karnaugh Maps
	9.5 Basic Logic Blocks
	9.6 Adders
	9.7 Subtractors
	9.8 Shifters
	9.9 Multipliers
	9.10 D Latch
	9.11 Timing Methodology Using D Latches
	9.12 D Flip-Flop
	9.13 Timing Methodology Using D Flip-Flops
	9.14 Timing Violations
	9.15 Register
	9.16 Shift Register
	9.17 Counter
	9.18 Moore-Type State Machine
	9.19 Mealy-Type State Machine
	9.20 Controller Design: Moore-Type State Machine Versus Counter-Decoder Scheme
	9.21 A Simple Memory Block
	9.22 A Design Example
Index