Electronic Government: 21st IFIP WG 8.5 International Conference, EGOV 2022, Linköping, Sweden, September 6–8, 2022, Proceedings (Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 13391)

Preface
Organization
Contents
Public Services
Evaluating the Impact of Trust in Government on Satisfaction with Public Services
	1 Introduction
	2 Definitions and Related Works
		2.1 Service Quality and Satisfaction
		2.2 Trust in Government
	3 Methodology
		3.1 Subjects
		3.2 Measures
		3.3 Procedure
		3.4 Data Analysis
	4 Results
		4.1 Measurement Model Evaluation
		4.2 Hypothesis Testing
	5 Discussion and Final Considerations
	References
Adoption of Public e-services versus Civic Tech Services: On the Issue of Trust and Citizen Participation in Ukraine and Belarus
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
	3 Ukraine and Belarus: Two Different Backgrounds for E-government, Citizen Trust and Participation
		3.1 Ukraine
		3.2 Belarus
	4 Material and Methods
	5 Results and Analysis
		5.1 (Pre-war) Ukraine: Challenges of Citizen Trust that Underly Multiple Digitalisation and Decentralization in Public Administration
		5.2 (Post - 2020 Elections) Belarus: No Political Trust, but Citizen-to-Citizen Trust Through Civic-Tech Initiatives as Service Alternatives to Suppressive Government
		5.3 Political Trust and Citizen Non-engagement Understood Through the Soviet Legacy of Public Services
	6 Concluding Remarks
	References
Applying Central Data Catalogues to Implement and Maintain Digital Public Services. A Case Study on Catalogues of Public Administration in Poland
	1 Introduction
	2 Governance Challenges of Delivering Digital Public Services
	3 Data Catalogues in Public Administration
	4 A Case Study on Catalogues of Public Administration in Poland
		4.1 The Process of Updating the Description of Public Services
		4.2 The Process of Public Entity Data Update
	5 Conclusions
	References
No-Stop Government: Expected Benefits and Concerns of German Young Adults
	1 Introduction
	2 Research Background
		2.1 No-Stop Government
		2.2 Related Work
	3 Research Design
	4 Results
		4.1 Expected Benefits
		4.2 Expected Concerns
	5 Discussion
	6 Conclusions
	References
Omni-Channel Overtures Defining the Concept and Its Applicability in Public Sector Channel Management
	1 Introduction
	2 Method
	3 Background: A Changing Channel Landscape
		3.1 Changes in the Channel Landscape
		3.2 Changes in Channel Behaviors
	4 Channel Strategies
		4.1 Key Challenges
	5 An Omni-Channel Approach
		5.1 Defining the Omni-Channel Concept
		5.2 Key Features of the Omni-Channel Concept
	6 Conclusions and Discussion
	References
Use of Commercial SaaS Solutions in Swedish Public Sector Organisations under Unknown Contract Terms
	1 Introduction
	2 On Standard Essential Patents and Contract Terms for SaaS Solutions
	3 Research Approach
	4 Observations on Investigations of Contract Terms Prior to Adoption
	5 Observations on why SaaS Solutions are Used Without Having Obtained All Contract Terms
	6 Analysis
	7 Discussion and Conclusions
	References
Design Principles for EU Cross-Border Services
	1 Introduction
	2 Factors Impacting the Success of Cross-Border Services
		2.1 Technological Factors
		2.2 Organizational Factors
		2.3 Institutional Factors
		2.4 Actors
		2.5 Other Factors
	3 Research Methodology
	4 Current Challenges with Cross-Border Services in the German-Dutch Border Region
	5 Deriving Design Principles for Cross-Border Services
	6 Conclusion
	References
Challenges and Potentials of the Use of Convertibles in Emergency Management
	1 Introduction
	2 Foundations: Digitalization, Emergency Management and Mobility
	3 Setup of the Study
	4 Interpretation of Results and Discussion
		4.1 Demographic Information and Organizational Affiliation
		4.2 Used Devices and Software Applications for Emergency Management
		4.3 Mobile Usage Scenarios in Emergency Management
		4.4 Perspectives on Convertible Device Usage in Emergency Management
		4.5 Synthesis of Identified Challenges and Potentials
	5 Conclusion and Future Research
	References
Social Media
Real-Time Stance Detection and Issue Analysis of the 2021 German Federal Election Campaign on Twitter
	1 Introduction
	2 Case Study: The 2021 German Federal Election Campaign
	3 Real-Time Analysis Approach
	4 Data Collection and Units of Analysis
	5 Stance Detection to Predict the Tone in German Election Tweets
		5.1 Training Dataset and Annotation
		5.2 General Preprocessing, Chunking, Named Entity Recognition and Target Assignment
		5.3 Post-training and Fine-Tuning of Stance Detection Models
		5.4 Results: Ups and Downs in Stance Detection Performance
	6 Salient Topics: Issue Analysis and Issue Shifts
	7 Classification Errors and Qualitative Monitoring
	8 Conclusion
	References
Assessing the Suitability of Social Media Data for Identifying Crisis Events in Smart Cities: An Exploratory Study on Flood Situations
	1 Introduction
	2 Using Social Media Interaction in Real Events
	3 Crisis Event Interaction Analysis
	4 Material and Methods
	5 Results
	6 Discussions
	7 Conclusions and Future Work
	References
Health Fake News in the Covid-19 Pandemic in Brazil
	1 Introduction
	2 Theoretical Background
		2.1 Contextualizing Digital Technologies and Ethical Dilemmas
		2.2 Infodemic: The Age of Fake News and Misinformation
		2.3 A Multilevel Framework for Digital Technologies and Disinformation Analysis
	3 Research Method
	4 Health Fake News During the Covid-19 Pandemic in Brazil
	5 Results
	6 Discussion
	7 Conclusions
	References
Open Government and Open Data
How May an OGD Solution Help You? – An Information Behaviour Perspective
	1 Introduction
	2 Previous Research
		2.1 Information Behaviour
		2.2 Solutions
	3 Research Approach
	4 Findings
		4.1 Need
		4.2 Seek
		4.3 Use
		4.4 Distribute
	5 Discussion
		5.1 How May an OGD Solution Help You?
		5.2 Assuming the Seeker' IB
		5.3 Implications
	6 Conclusion
	References
Open Technologies for Public Tendering. Blockchain Technology Impact on Transparency and Efficiency of Public Procurement Processes
	1 Introduction
	2 BCT and Its Potential Impact on Public Procurement
	3 Empirical Research
		3.1 Sample Selection and Data Collection
		3.2 Research Methodology
		3.3 Analysis of Results
	4 Discussion and Conclusions
	References
Assessing the Quality of Covid-19 Open Data Portals
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
		2.1 Covid-19 Open Data Portals
		2.2 Open Data Portals Evaluation
		2.3 Frameworks and Methodologies
	3 Methodology
	4 Results and Discussion
		4.1 General Discussions and Observations
		4.2 Lessons from Covid Open Data Portals
	5 Conclusion
	References
Fostering Interaction Between Open Government Data Stakeholders: An Exchange Platform for Citizens, Developers and Publishers
	1 Introduction
	2 Background
		2.1 OGD Stakeholders
		2.2 Impediments to OGD Use and Publication
		2.3 Methods and Platforms of Communication Between OGD Stakeholders
	3 Research Methodology
	4 Results
		4.1 Requirements Identification for Communication Between OGD Stakeholders
		4.2 ODEON System Description
		4.3 Evaluation
	5 Discussion
	6 Conclusion
	References
The Use of Open Government Data to Create Social Value
	1 Introduction and Background
	2 Method
	3 Results
		3.1 Governance
		3.2 Availability
		3.3 Adoption
		3.4 Impact
	4 Discussion and Conclusion
	References
A Methodology for Aligning Categories from Open Government Data Portals to a Comprehensive Set of Categories
	1 Introduction
	2 OGD, OGDP and OGDPs Categorization
	3 Text Pre-processing and Semantic Similarity Between Short Sentences
	4 Methodology for Aligning Open Data Portals Categories
	5 Experimental Analysis
	6 Conclusions and Future Work
	References
Why Should You Believe in Open Data? – A Document Study Examining Persuasion Rhetoric of OGD Benefits
	1 Introduction
	2 Background
		2.1 Rhetoric
	3 Research Approach
	4 Findings and Analysis
		4.1 Rhetorical Patterns
	5 Discussion
		5.1 Patterns in the OGD Argumentation
		5.2 Mythical Paradoxes in the OGD Argumentation
		5.3 A Rhetorical Perspective on OGD
		5.4 Implications
	6 Conclusion
		6.1 Limitations and Future Research
	References
AI, Bots and Data Analytics
Discretion, Automated Decision-Making and Public Values: Background and Test of an Approach for Unpacking Human and Technological Agency
	1 Introduction
	2 Context, Aim and Research Questions
	3 Methodology
	4 Our Approach and Its’ Background
		4.1 Technologies and Discretion
		4.2 Algorithms and Discretion
		4.3 Humans and Discretion
		4.4 Context, Tasks and Discretion
		4.5 Public Values and Discretion
	5 Empirical Test of the Approach
		5.1 Context and Background
		5.2 Human and Non-human Actors in the Application Process
		5.3 Analysis of Public Values in the Application Process
	6 Conclusions, Limitations and Further Studies
	References
Dismantling Digital Cages: Examining Design Practices for Public Algorithmic Systems
	1 Introduction
	2 Motivation and Background
		2.1 Digital Cages
		2.2 The Structuration Model of Technology and the Digital Cage
		2.3 The Design Process of Public Algorithmic Systems
	3 Research Methods
	4 Results: Observed Design Practices
		4.1 Narrow Focus on Technology
		4.2 Disregarding the Normative Basis for Public Algorithmic Systems
		4.3 Designers are Unaware of Socio-technical Components and Interactions
		4.4 Caught in a Linear Design Process
	5 Discussion
	6 Conclusions
	References
Artificial Intelligence and Blockchain Technologies in the Public Sector: A Research Projects Perspective
	1 Introduction
	2 Research Design
	3 Results
		3.1 Public Service Provision
		3.2 Policy/Decision Making Projects
	4 Discussion
		4.1 Artificial Intelligence
		4.2 Blockchain and Distributed Ledgers
	5 Conclusion
	References
Adoption of Robotic Process Automation in the Public Sector: A Survey Study in Sweden
	1 Introduction
	2 Theoretical Background
		2.1 Level of Adoption
		2.2 Benefits of RPA Adoption
		2.3 Technology as Routine Capability
		2.4 RPA Governance
	3 Method
		3.1 Research Context
	4 Results
		4.1 Level of Adoption
		4.2 Routine Capability
		4.3 Benefits Fulfilment of RPA Adoption
		4.4 RPA Governance
	5 Discussion
	6 Conclusion and Future Work
	Appendix. Survey RPA Adoption Swedish Public Administration
	References
Why is it Difficult to Implement Robotic Process Automation?
	1 Introduction
	2 Previous Research
	3 Research Approach and Data Collection
	4 Findings – Challenges Related to RPA Implementation in Municipalities
		4.1 Initiating RPA Top-Down Without Bottom-up Support
		4.2 Lacking Sufficient Process- and IT-Competence
		4.3 Dependence on Individual Enthusiasts and External RPA Consultants
		4.4 Difficulties in Finding Suitable Processes to Automate Using RPA
	5 Discussion
	6 Conclusion, Limitations, and Future Research
	References
Automated Topic Categorisation of Citizens' Contributions: Reducing Manual Labelling Efforts Through Active Learning
	1 Introduction
	2 Approaches to Thematically Structure Contributions
	3 The Cycling Dialogues Datasets
	4 Methodology
		4.1 Active Learning
		4.2 Query Strategies
		4.3 Classifier
	5 Evaluation
		5.1 RQ1: What Classification Quality Can Be Achieved Without Active Learning?
		5.2 RQ2: How Much Manual Labelling Effort Can Be Saved Through Active Learning?
		5.3 RQ3: How Time-Efficient Are the Different Categorisation Approaches?
	6 Discussion
	7 Conclusion and Future Work
	References
Taking Stock of the Situation
	1 Introduction and Background
	2 Method
	3 Conceptual Framework
		3.1 The Task and Its Characteristics
		3.2 The Situation and its Characteristics
		3.3 Establishing the Conceptual Framework
	4 Discussion and Conclusion
		4.1 Suggestions for Application and Further Research
		4.2 Limitations and Concluding Comments
	References
Adapting a Faceted Search Task Model for the Development of a Domain-Specific Council Information Search Engine
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Work
		2.1 Domain Independent Task Models
		2.2 Domain Specific Task Models
	3 Council Member Information Seeking
		3.1 Council Members and Supporting User Groups
		3.2 Information Sources
	4 Methodology
		4.1 Participants
		4.2 Data Collection
		4.3 Analysis 1: Identifying Task Facets
		4.4 Analysis 2: Characterising Council Member Tasks
	5 Results 1: Identifying Task Facets
		5.1 Generalisation of Codebook
	6 Results 2: Council Member Tasks
		6.1 Generalisation of Tasks
	7 Supporting Specialised Council Task Functionality
		7.1 Linking Tasks to Information Subsets
		7.2 Interface Design Implications
		7.3 Comparing the Proposed Improvements
	8 Conclusion
	References
Letting Your Data Imagination Run Away with You. Promises and Perspectives of a Public Sector Data Analytics Implementation
	1 Introduction
	2 The Allure of Data Analytics for Public Services
	3 Promises into Practice
	4 Methodology and Approach
	5 Findings
		5.1 Implementation: Stage 1 - Background and Rationale of the NE-ODA
		5.2 Implementation: Stage 2 – Selection of the Data Analytics Organization
		5.3 Implementation: Stage 3 – Outputs of the DAO for the NE-ODA
		5.4 Single Reality or Multiple Imaginaries? Viewing the NE-ODA Through the Data Gaze
	6 Findings
	References
Leveraging Government Data Using Unsupervised and Supervised Machine Learning for Firms’ Investment Policy-Making in Economic Crises
	1 Introduction
	2 Background
		2.1 Economic Stimulation Programs
		2.2 Artificial Intelligence in Government
		2.3 Firm Performance Determinants
	3 The Proposed Methodology
	4 Application
		4.1 Cluster Analysis
		4.2 Analysis of Variance of Clusters with Respect to Firms’ Characteristics
		4.3 Prediction of Investment Decrease in Economic Crisis
	5 Conclusions
	References
Smart Cities
On the Way to Smarter Cities: What Goals and Values Swiss Municipalities Prioritize
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
		2.1 More than Technology – The Concept of Smart Cities
		2.2 Components of Smart City Strategies – Governance and Progress Monitoring
		2.3 Value Creation in the Public Sector
		2.4 The Relationship Between Smart City Strategies and Public Value
	3 Data and Methods
		3.1 Study Design
		3.2 Data Collection and Analysis
	4 Results
	5 Discussion
	6 Conclusion and Outlook
	Appendix
	References
Coping with the Opportunities and Challenges of Smart Policing: A Research Model
	1 Introduction
	2 Conceptual Background
	3 Research Model and Study Context
		3.1 Primary and Secondary Appraisals
		3.2 Discretion and Control
	4 Conclusion
	References
Supporting Smart Mobility in Smart Cities Through Autonomous Driving Buses: A Comparative Analysis
	1 Introduction
	2 Theoretical Foundations
		2.1 Smart City
		2.2 Smart Mobility
		2.3 Disruptive Technologies AI and IoT
	3 Introduction to Four Cases of Autonomously Driving Buses
	4 Comparative Analysis of Cases
		4.1 Comparative Analysis Framework
	5 Comparative Analysis of Cases
	6 Enablers and Challenges of Autonomous Driving Buses
	7 Conclusion and Outlook
	References
E-government Evaluation
AI Systems for Occupational Safety and Health: From Ethical Concerns to Limited Legal Solutions
	1 Introduction
	2 Background
		2.1 Maintaining the Safety and Health of Employees
		2.2 AI Systems for Occupational Safety and Health
	3 Research Approach
	4 Legal Framework About AI Systems in the Workplace
		4.1 Regarding Privacy
		4.2 Future Legal Developments Regarding AI Systems
	5 Ethical Considerations of AI Systems for OSH
		5.1 Scenarios
		5.2 Ethical Considerations
	6 Discussion
	7 Conclusion: Proposal for Social and Human Rights Assessment
	References
Business-to-Government Data Sharing for Public Interests in the European Union: Results of a Public Consultation
	1 Introduction
	2 Modalities of B2G Data Sharing for Public Interest
	3 Methodology
	4 Results
	5 Discussion
	6 Conclusions
	References
`Right to Be Forgotten': Analyzing the Impact of Forgetting Data Using K-NN Algorithm in Data Stream Learning
	1 Introduction
	2 Right to Be Forgotten and Artificial Intelligence
	3 Forgetting Data in Machine Learning—Motivating Scenarios
	4 Stream Learning Characteristics for Classification Problems
	5 Our Experimental Methodology
	6 Experimental Results
	7 Conclusions and Future Work
	References
Towards a Transdisciplinary Evaluation Framework for Mobile Cross-Border Government Services
	1 Introduction
	2 Practical Background
	3 Method and Process
		3.1 Literature Review
		3.2 Workshops
	4 Transdisciplinary Evaluation Framework
		4.1 The Six Pillars of the Transdisciplinary Evaluation Framework
		4.2 Dimensions of Measurement for Evaluation
	5 Discussion
	6 Conclusion
	References
Towards a Research Agenda for Personal Data Spaces: Synthesis of a Community Driven Process
	1 Introduction
	2 Solid Architecture
	3 Flemish Solid Community
	4 Methodology
	5 Challenges Related to Solid PDS
		5.1 Social Challenges
		5.2 Network Challenges
		5.3 Legal Challenges
		5.4 Technical Challenges
	6 Discussion
	7 Conclusion
	References
Author Index