Electronic Fetal Heart Rate Monitoring: The 5-Tier System

Title Page
Copyright
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
PREFACE TO THE FIRST EDITION
PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION
PREFACE TO THE THIRD EDITION
CONTENTS
CONTRIBUTORS
PART I History
	CHAPTER 1 Development of Intrapartum Surveillance of the Fetus
		References
PART II Physiology
	CHAPTER  2 Uteroplacental Circulation and Respiratory Gas Exchange
		I. PLACENTAL ANATOMY AND CIRCULATION
		II. MECHANISMS OF PLACENTAL EXCHANGE
		III. DETERMINANTS OF DIFFUSION
		IV. UTERINE BLOOD FLOW
		V. OXYGEN TRANSFER TO THE FETUS
		VI. CARBON DIOXIDE TRANSFER
		VII. ACID–BASE BALANCE
		VIII. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS
		References
	CHAPTER 3 Fetal Cardiorespiratory and Cerebral Physiology
		I. ANATOMY OF FETAL CIRCULATION
		II. DISTRIBUTION OF BLOOD FLOWS
		III. FETAL BLOOD PRESSURES
		IV. FACTORS CONTROLLING FETAL HEART RATE
		V. FETAL CEREBRAL METABOLISM
		References
	CHAPTER 4 Acid–Base Physiology
		I. ACIDS PRODUCED BY THE BODY
		II. LIMITS OF ACIDITY COMPATIBLE WITH SURVIVAL
		III. NORMAL ACID–BASE VALUES
		References
	CHAPTER 5 Fetal Asphyxia: Pathogenic Mechanisms and Consequences
		I. FETAL CARDIORESPIRATORY RESPONSES TO HYPOXIA
		II. CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM RESPONSE TO HYPOXIA
		III. FETAL ASPHYXIA AND NEWBORN MORBIDITY
		IV. FACTORS THAT MODIFY FETAL VULNERABILITY TO ASPHYXIA
		V. TREATMENTS FOR NEWBORNS WITH NEONATAL ENCEPHALOPATHY
		VI. CONCLUSION
		References
PART III Instrumentation and Techniques
	CHAPTER 6 The Fetal Heart Rate Monitor
		I. FETAL HEART RATE
		II. UTERINE ACTIVITY
		References
PART IV Nomenclature and Interpretation
	CHAPTER 7 Fetal Heart Rate Patterns: Nomenclature and Etiology
		I. INTRODUCTION
		II. BASELINE FETAL HEART RATE FEATURES
		III. PERIODIC AND EPISODIC FETAL HEART RATE PATTERNS
		IV. ALTERATIONS IN BASELINE RATE
		V. SINUSOIDAL PATTERN
		VI. COMPUTER ANALYSIS OF FETAL HEART RATE PATTERNS
		References
	CHAPTER 8 The Relationship Between Fetal Heart Rate Patterns and Fetal or Newborn Acidemia
		I. DEVELOPMENT OF ACIDEMIA WITH RECURRENT DECELERATIONS OVER TIME
		II. FETAL HEART RATE PATTERN EVOLUTION
		III. VARIANT FETAL HEART RATE PATTERNS AND TIMING OF ACIDEMIA
		IV. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS
		References
PART V Clinical Management
	CHAPTER 9 Clinical Management of Fetal Heart Rate Patterns During Labor
		I. INTRODUCTION
		II. THE 3-TIER SYSTEM OF FETAL HEART RATE INTERPRETATION AND MANAGEMENT
		III. THE 2-, 3-, 4-, AND 5-TIER SYSTEMS OF FETAL HEART RATE INTERPRETATION
		IV. THE PARER–IKEDA 5-TIER SYSTEM OF FETAL HEART RATE INTERPRETATION
		V. ANCILLARY TESTING DURING INTRAPARTUM FETAL HEART RATE MANAGEMENT
		VI. CLINICAL MANAGEMENT OF CATEGORY I/ GREEN FETAL HEART RATE PATTERNS
		VII. CLINICAL MANAGEMENT OF CATEGORY IIA/ BLUE TO CATEGORY IIC/ORANGE FETAL HEART RATE PATTERNS
		VIII. CLINICAL MANAGEMENT OF CATEGORY III/ RED FETAL HEART RATE PATTERNS
		IX. FETAL HEART RATE PATTERNS IN THE SECOND STAGE OF LABOR
		References
	CHAPTER 10 Modifiers of Fetal Heart Rate Interpretation and Unusual Fetal Heart Rate Patterns
		I. MATERNAL AND FETAL CONDITIONS THAT AFFECT THE FETAL RESPONSE TO HYPOXIA
		II. FETAL HEART RATE CHARACTERISTICS ASSOCIATED WITH ACUTE CATASTROPHIC EVENTS
		III. CONGENITAL ANOMALIES
		IV. UNUSUAL FETAL HEART RATE PATTERNS
		V. EFFECT OF DRUGS ON THE FETAL HEART RATE
		References
PART VI Additional Aspects of Fetal Heart Rate Monitoring
	CHAPTER 11 Antepartum Fetal Heart Rate Testing
		I. FETAL BEHAVIORAL STATES
		II. FETAL MOVEMENT OR “KICK COUNTS”
		III. CONTRACTION STRESS TEST
		IV. NONSTRESS TEST
		V. BIOPHYSICAL PROFILE
		VI. MODIFIED BIOPHYSICAL PROFILE (NONSTRESS TEST/AMNIOTIC FLUID INDEX)
		VII. DOPPLER VELOCIMETRY
		VIII. INDICATIONS FOR ANTENATAL TESTING
		References
	CHAPTER 12 Medical Legal Considerations, Documentation, and Fetal Heart Rate Credentialing
		I. MEDICAL LEGAL CONSIDERATIONS IN FETAL HEART RATE MONITORING
		II. FETAL HEART RATE EDUCATION AND FETAL HEART RATE CREDENTIALING INITIATIVES
		III. CONCLUSION
		References
INDEX