Electronic Communication

Unit 1: Analog Modulation Techniques
Unit specifics
Rationale
Pre-requisites
Unit outcomes
1.1 INTRODUCTION
1.2 ELEMENTARY FUNCTIONS
1.2.1 Unit Step Function
1.2.2 Dirac-Delta Function
1.2.3 Unit Ramp Function
1.3 SIGNAL CLASSIFICATION
1.3.1 Continuous-time and Discrete-time Signals
1.3.2 Periodic and non-periodic signal
1.3.3 Analog and Digital Signal
1.3.4 Energy and Power Signal
1.4 OPERATION OF SIGNALS
1.5 SYSTEMS
1.5.1 Linear Time-Invariant Systems
1.5.2 Correlation and Convolution
1.5.3 Hilbert Transform
1.6 Double-Sideband Suppressed-Carrier Modulation
1.6.1 Time-Domain Description
1.6.2 Frequency-Domain-Description
1.6.3 Generation-of-DSB-SC-Waves
1.6.4 Ring Modulator
1.6.5 Coherent Detection of DSB-SC Modulated Wave
1.6.6 Costas Loop
1.6.7 Coherent (Synchronous) Detection of DSB-SC Waves
1.7 SINGLE SIDEBAND MODULATION (SSB)
1.7.1 Generation of SSB-SC Signals
1.7.2 Demodulation of SSB-SC Signal
1.8 VSB MODULATION
1.8.1 VSB Modulator
1.8.2 Spectrum of a VSB signal
1.8.3 VSB Filter Characteristics
1.8.4 Filter characteristics For VSB modulation
1.8.5 Demodulation of VSB
1.9 ANGLE MODULATION
1.9.1 Basic Definition
1.9.2 Representation of PM and FM Signals
1.10 Types of FM
1.10.1 Spectral Characteristics of Angle Modulated Signals
1.10.2 Angle Modulation by a Sinusoidal Signal
1.11 Generation of Angle modulation
1.11.1 Narrowband angel modulated signal
1.11.2 Wideband angel modulated signal

Unit 2: NOISE
Unit specifics
Rationale
Pre-requisites
Unit outcomes
2.1 PROBABILITY
2.1.1 Properties of Probability
2.1.2 Conditional Probability
2.1.3 Probability of Statistically Independent Event
2.2 RANDOM VARIABLES
2.2.1 Discrete Random Variable
2.2.2 Continuous Random Variables
2.3 STATISTICS OF RANDOM VARIABLE
2.3.1 Mean of Random Variable
2.3.2 Variance of Random Variable
2.4 RANDOM PROCESS
2.4.1 Definition of Random Process
2.4.2 Stationarity
2.4.2.1 Strict Sense Stationary
2.4.2.2 Wide Sense Stationary
2.4.3 Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN)
2.4.4 Baseband Communication Systems
2.5 NOISE IN AMPLITUDE MODULATION SYSTEMS
2.5.1 Synchronous Detector
2.5.2 Envelope Detection
2.6 NOISE IN ANGLE MODULATION SYSTEMS
2.6.1 Signal Dominance Case:
2.7 PRE-EMPHASIS
2.8 DE-EMPHASIS
2.9 THRESHOLD EFFECT IN ANGLE MODULATION

Unit 3: PULSE MODULATION
Unit specifics
Rationale
Pre-requisites
Unit outcomes
3.1 SAMPLING
3.1.1 Low Pass Filter
3.2 PULSE MODULATION
3.2.1 Pulse Amplitude Modulation
3.2.2 Pulse Width Modulation
3.2.3 Pulse Position Modulation
3.2.4 Demodulation of PAM/PWM/PPM signals
3.2.5 Pulse code Modulation
3.2.6 Working of PCM system
3.3 DIFFERENTIAL PULSE CODE MODULATION (DPCM)
3.3.1 DPCM Transmitter
3.3.2 DPCM Receiver
3.4 DELTA MODULATION
3.4.1 Demodulation
3.5 NOISE IN PCM
3.5.1 Channel Noise
3.5.2 Quantization Noise
3.6 DIGITAL MULTIPLEXER
3.6.1 Time Division Multiplexing
3.6.2 Frequency Division Multiplexing

Unit 4: BASEBAND RECEIVER
Unit specifics
Rationale
Pre-requisites
Unit outcomes
4.1 ELEMENTS OF DETECTION THEORY
4.1.1 Likelihood Ratio Test
4.1.2 Maximizing the Probability of a Correct Decision
4.1.3 Neyman-Pearson Criterion
4.2 OPTIMUM RECEIVER
4.2.1 The Correlation Receiver
4.2.2 Matched Filter Receiver
4.3 COHERENT COMMUNICATION
4.3.1 Binary Amplitude Shift Keying (BASK)
4.3.2 Frequency Shift Keying (FSK)
4.3.3 Binary Phase Shift Keying (BPSK)
4.4 PROBABILITY OF ERROR
4.4.1 BASK
4.4.2 BFSK
4.4.3 BPSK
4.5 SAMPLING
4.5.1 Aliasing
4.5.2 Inter Symbol Interference (ISI)

Unit 5: Passband Digital Transmission
Unit specifics
Rationale
Pre-requisites
Unit outcomes
5.1 PHASE SHIFT KEYING
5.1.1 BPSK Modulation
5.1.2 Quadrature phase Shift Keying (QPSK)
5.1.3 M-ary PSK
5.2 FREQUENCY SHIFT KEYING
5.2.1 FSK TRANSMITTER
5.2.2 FSK RECEIVER
5.2.3 SPECTRUM OF FSK
5.2.4 M-ary Frequency Shift Keying
5.3 QUADRATURE AMPLITUDE MODULATION (QAM)
5.3.1 QAM Transmitter
5.3.2 QAM Receiver
5.3.3 Constellation Diagrams
5.4 CONTINUOUS PHASE MODULATION
5.4.1 Transmitter
5.4.2 Receiver
5.4.3 Spectrum
5.5 MINIMUM SHIFT KEYING (MSK)
5.5.1 Signal Space Diagram of MSK
5.5.2 MSK Transmitter and Receiver
5.5.3 Power Spectra of MSK Signals

Unit 6: Passband Receiver
Unit specifics
Rationale
Pre-requisites
Unit outcomes
6.1 DIGITAL MODULATION TRADE-OFFs
6.2 OPTIMUM DEMODULATION OF DIGITAL SIGNALS OVER BAND-LIMITED CHANNELSS
6.2.1 Optimum Demodulation of Digital Signals Over Band- Limited-Maximum
Likelihood Sequence Detection (Viterbi Receiver)
6.3 EQUALIZATION TECHNIQUES
6.3.1 Optimum Linear Receiver
6.3.2 Adaptive Equalizer
6.3.3 Eye Patterns
6.4 SYNCHRONIZATION AND CARRIER RECOVERY OF DIGITAL MODULATION
6.4.1 Estimation of Signal Parameter
6.4.2 Carrier Recovery and Symbol Synchronization in Signal Demodulation
6.4.3 Recursive Algorithm for Maximum Likelihood Estimation of the Carrier Phase


Appendices
Appendix 1
Appendix 2
Appendix 3
Appendix 4