Electron Cyclotron Emission and Electron Cyclotron Resonance Heating (EC-16): Proceedings of the 16th Joint Workshop

CONTENTS......Page 10
Preface......Page 6
I. Electron Cyclotron Heating......Page 18
Preionization and startup......Page 20
Electron Cyclotron Heating......Page 21
Electron Cyclotron Current Drive......Page 22
Electron Bernstein Waves......Page 23
1. Introduction......Page 24
2. Validation of Basic EC Wave Physics in Plasmas......Page 25
3. Access to Steady-State Operating Conditions......Page 29
4. Sustaining the Steady-State Regime......Page 34
5. Control of the Operating Point......Page 36
6. Prospects for Use of ECH and ECCD in Fusion Energy Devices......Page 40
7. Conclusions......Page 42
References......Page 43
ECRH on ASDEX Upgrade - System Extension, New Modes of Operation, Plasma Physics Results J. Stober, D. Wagner, L. Giannone, F. Leuterer, M. Marascheck, A. Mlynek, F. Monaco, M. Munich, E. Poli, M. Reich, D. Schmid-Lorch, H. Schutz, J. Schweinzer, W. Treutterer, H. Zohm, A. Meier, Th. Scherer, J. Flamm, M. Thumm, H. Hahnle, W. Kasparek, U. Stroth, A. V. Chirkov, G. G. Denisov, A. Litvak, S. A. Malygin, V. E. Myasnikov, V. O. Nichiporenko, L. G. Popov, E. A. Soluyanova and E. M. Tai......Page 45
1. Introduction......Page 46
3. Multi-frequency windows......Page 47
4. X3- and 02-heating......Page 49
5. NTM control......Page 51
6.1. Particle transport......Page 54
References......Page 56
Feedback Control of Tearing Modes Through ECRH with Launcher Mirror Steering and Power Modulation Using a Line-of-Sight ECE Diagnostic B. A. Hennen, E. Westerhoj, M. R. De Baar, W. A. Bongers, D. J. Thoen, P. W. J. M. Nuij, M. Steinbuch, A. Burger, J. W. Oosterbeek and the TEXTOR- Team......Page 59
2. Feedback control of tearing modes and line-of-sight ECE......Page 60
3.1. Retrieval of a tearing mode's radial location......Page 62
3.2. Feedback controlled alignment of ECRHIECCD with respect to a tearing mode......Page 63
4. Experimental results......Page 64
5. Summary and Conclusions......Page 67
References......Page 68
1. Introduction......Page 69
2. A new IMW ECRU system......Page 70
3. High powerful ECRH experiments......Page 72
Acknowledgments......Page 73
References......Page 74
1. Introduction......Page 75
2.1. 110 GHz GYCOM Gyrotron System......Page 76
2.2. Commissioning Results......Page 77
2.3. Transmission Line System......Page 79
3. Second harmonic ECH-assisted Start-up in KST AR......Page 80
References......Page 81
2. Methodology......Page 82
3. Experiment......Page 83
4. Summary and discussion......Page 88
References......Page 89
1. Introduction......Page 90
2. Physics requirements studies......Page 91
3. System components......Page 94
4. Conclusions......Page 96
References......Page 97
1. Introduction......Page 98
2. ECCD performance at 170 GHz......Page 100
References......Page 103
1. Guidelines for the preliminary design......Page 104
2. Steering range......Page 106
3. Focusing optics and beam size optimization......Page 107
5. Optimisation of the beams superposition in the plasma......Page 108
Acknowledgments......Page 109
1. Introduction......Page 110
2. Mode evolution equations and stabilization criterion......Page 111
3. (2,1)-(3,2) mode stability by PEC CW injection in H-mode scenario......Page 112
5. (2,1) stability by PEC modulated injection in ref. H-mode scenario......Page 114
References......Page 115
1. Introduction.......Page 116
2. Port Allocation.......Page 117
3. Plant location - and preliminary building design.......Page 118
4. Auxilliary Equipment.......Page 119
References:......Page 121
2. Concept options......Page 122
2.2. Evacuated waveguide solution......Page 123
4. TL components......Page 124
5. Vacuum window......Page 126
References......Page 127
1. Microwave power - Microwave sources......Page 128
2. Power supplies - requirements......Page 129
4. What is available? -> Four power supply units from the old Neutral Beam system!......Page 130
6.1.1. Main power supply Type J......Page 131
6.2.2. Requirements when used in combination with main PS type 2:......Page 132
References......Page 133
1. Introduction......Page 134
2. TORA Y -GA code......Page 136
3. Simulation results......Page 137
References......Page 140
1. Introduction......Page 141
2.1. Heating Scenario......Page 142
2.2. Experimental Results......Page 143
3.2. Experimental Results......Page 145
4. Conclusion and Outlook......Page 146
References......Page 147
1. Introduction......Page 148
2. Achievement of high electron temperature......Page 149
3. Behavior of ECE in high power ECRH low density plasma......Page 150
References......Page 153
1. Introduction......Page 154
2. Upgraded launcher system for Heliotron J......Page 155
3. Ray tracing calculation for power absorption......Page 156
4. Effect of ECCD on rotational transform profile......Page 157
5. ECCD Experiments......Page 158
References......Page 159
1. Introduction......Page 160
3. Experiments......Page 161
References......Page 165
II. Electron Cyclotron Emission......Page 166
1. 2-D ECE Imaging and Microwave Imaging Reflectometry......Page 168
4. Oblique ECE......Page 169
6. ITER ECE Diagnostic......Page 170
7. Concluding Remarks......Page 171
EC Program on EAST and HT -7 Baonian Wan, Bili Ling, Ti Ang, Liu Yong, Li Erzhong, Han Xiang, Changxuan Yu, Wandong Liu, Yizhi Wen, Jinlin Xie , Xiaoyuan Xu, Jun Wang, Ming Xu, Binxi Gao, N C. Luhmann, C. W. Domier, Benjamin John Tobias, Jian Wang, Zhenggang Xia, Zuowei Shen, Perry Philippe, Kenneth Gentle, William Rowan, He Huang, Ron Prater and Gary Taylor......Page 172
2. ECH/ECCD program on EAST......Page 173
3. ECE systems on HT-7......Page 175
3.1 Electron mode in plasma with low density......Page 176
3.3 The evidence of the low frequency Zonal Flow......Page 177
3.4 Magnetic Reconnection mechanism and high-order harmonics......Page 178
4. ECE program on EAST......Page 179
References......Page 184
1. Introduction......Page 185
2. Experimental Set-Up......Page 186
3. Comparisons Between Electron Temperature Fluctuations, Density Fluctuations and Nonlinear GYRO Simulations......Page 187
4. Conclusions......Page 189
References......Page 190
Oblique and Correlation ECE in TCV T. P. Goodman, V. S. Udintsev, E. Fable, F. Felici, A. Pochelon, L. Porte, M. Rancic, O. Sauter, Ch. Schlatter, C. Zucca and P. K. Chattopadyay......Page 191
1. Introduction......Page 192
2. ECE setup on TCV......Page 193
3. Temperature fluctuation measurements......Page 194
4. Gyrokinetic simulations......Page 196
5. Current channel measurements......Page 197
6. Emission simulations......Page 198
7. Conclusions......Page 199
References......Page 200
1. Motivation and analysis tools......Page 201
2. Experimental data......Page 202
3. Scan ofthe tail's parameters......Page 203
4. Minimal detectable supra thermal fraction......Page 205
Acknowledgments......Page 206
Microwave Imaging in Large Helical Device T. Yoshinaga, Y. Nagayama, H. Tsuchiya, D. Kuwahara, S. Tsuji-fio, K. Akaki, A. Mase, Y. Kogi, S. Yamaguchi, Z. B. Shi and H. Hojo......Page 207
2. MIR System in LHD......Page 208
5. Summary......Page 211
References......Page 212
1. Introduction......Page 213
2.1. NTM detection and stabilization......Page 214
2.2. Calibration and performance issues......Page 215
4. Collective Thomson scattering system on ITER: preliminary considerations......Page 216
References......Page 218
1. Introduction......Page 219
2.1. FT EeE system......Page 220
3. Proof of principle: results measured on TEXTOR......Page 222
Acknowledgments......Page 224
1. Introduction......Page 226
2. Observation......Page 227
3. Identification method of anomalous Doppler resonance effect......Page 228
References......Page 231
1. Introduction......Page 232
2. The model electron distribution......Page 233
3. The radiative power density......Page 235
4. Discussions and conclusions......Page 237
References......Page 238
INTRODUCTION......Page 239
THEORETICAL CONSIDERATIONS......Page 240
ECE SIMULATION......Page 241
Effect of Harmonic Overlap on Temperature Measurement......Page 242
Effect of Polarization Scrambling......Page 243
REFERENCES......Page 244
1. Introduction......Page 245
3. Numerical Methods and Boundary Conditions......Page 247
4. Results......Page 248
5. Discussion and Conclusions......Page 249
References......Page 250
1. Introduction......Page 251
2. Instrument......Page 252
2.3. Determination of the grating angles and the exit aperture positions......Page 253
3. Test results and future plan......Page 254
References......Page 256
1.1. ECE collecting optics......Page 257
1.3. ECE heterodyne radiometer......Page 258
2. KSTAR ECE system calibrations......Page 259
3. Experimental results......Page 260
References......Page 262
III. Electron Bernstein Waves......Page 264
1. Angular Scanning of EBW Emission in MAST......Page 266
2. EBW Emission Imaging Developments......Page 271
References......Page 273
1. Introduction and motivation......Page 274
2. Simulation methods......Page 275
3. Results......Page 276
4. Conclusions......Page 278
References......Page 279
1. Introduction......Page 280
3. Experimental results......Page 281
5. Sununary and conclusion......Page 283
7. Figures......Page 284
1. Introduction......Page 286
2. Prototype EBWH/CD Antenna Performance......Page 287
3. Non-Inductive Plasma Current Experiments with Prototype Antenna System......Page 288
4. New Plasma Diagnostics Antenna System......Page 290
References......Page 291
1. Introduction......Page 292
2.1. O-X conversion......Page 293
2.2. Bernstein's wave propagation and absorption......Page 295
3. Summary......Page 296
References......Page 297
IV. Electron Cyclotron Theory......Page 298
Summary of Theory Presentations G. Giruzzi......Page 300
1. Introduction......Page 302
2. Adjoint technique......Page 303
3. Collisional and collisionless limits......Page 304
4. Finite collisionality effects......Page 308
5. Summary......Page 311
References......Page 312
1. Introduction......Page 313
2. ECCD Efficiency......Page 314
3. Collision Models......Page 316
4. Comparison of ECCD Efficiencies Between Collison Models......Page 319
5. Conclusion......Page 322
References......Page 323
1.1 Out of plasma Ee resonance scenario......Page 324
1.2 DIII-DIT-IO fundamental harmonic modelling at 60 GHz......Page 325
2. Second harmonic ECRF modelling......Page 328
References......Page 329
V. Gyrotrons and EC Technology......Page 332
Summary of Technology Presentations at EC-16 W. Kasparek......Page 334
1. Introduction......Page 339
2. Reliability test for repetitive operation......Page 340
3.2 Power modulation with Body Power Supply......Page 342
3.3 5 kHz power modulation with Anode switch......Page 345
References......Page 346
1. Background......Page 348
2.2. Present status......Page 350
3.1. The European strategy: risk assessment and mitigations......Page 352
4. Conclusions......Page 353
References......Page 354
1. Introduction......Page 356
2. Representative Experiments......Page 357
3. Gyrotron Performance Experiments......Page 360
4. System Enhancements......Page 361
5. System Upgrades......Page 362
References......Page 363
1. Introduction......Page 364
2. Experimental Set-up and Measurement System......Page 365
4. Analysis using the Brillouin-Diagram......Page 367
5. Experimental Results with Improved Corrugated Beam Tunnel......Page 368
References......Page 369
The ITER EC H&CD System M. A . Henderson, B. Becket, D. Cox, C. Darbos, F. Gandini, T. Gassman, O. Jean, C. Nazare, T. Omori, D. Purohit, A. Tanga, V. S. Udintsev, F. Albajar, T. Bonicelli, R. Heidinger, G. Saibene, S. Alberti, R. Bertizzolo, R. Chavan, A. Collazos, T. P. Goodman, J. P. Hogge, J. D. Landis, I. Paganakis, L. Porte, F. Sanchez, O. Sauter, M. Q. Tran, C. Zucca, U. Baruah, M. Kushwah, N. P. Singh, S. L. Rao, T. Bigelow, J. Caughman, D. Rasmussen, A. Bruschi, S. Cirant, D. Farina, A. Moro, P. Platania, G. Ramponi, C. Sozzi, M. De Baar, D. Ronden, G. Denisov, K. Kajiwara, A . Kasugai, N. Kobayashi, Y. Oda, K. Sakamoto, K. Takahashi, W. Kasparek, H. Kumric, B. Plaum, G. Aiello, G. Gantenbein, S. Illy, J. Jin, S. Kern, A . Meier, B. Pioscyzk, T. Rzesnicki, T. Scherer, S. Schreck, A. Serikov, P. Spaeh, D. Strauss, M. Thumm, A. Vaccaro, E. Poli, H. Zohm, M. Shapiro and R. Temkin......Page 370
1. Introduction......Page 371
2. Technical Description......Page 373
2.1. Power Supplies......Page 374
2.3. Transmission Lines......Page 375
2.4. Launchers......Page 376
3. Functional Description......Page 378
4. Schedule......Page 379
References......Page 380
An Overview of the ITER EC Transmission Line F. Gandini, B. Becket, C. Darbos, T. Gassman, M. Henderson, O. Jean, C. Nazare, T. Omori, D. Purohit, F. Albajar, T. Bonicelli, G. Saibene, T. Bigelow, J. Caughman, D. Rasmussen, G. Denisov, K. Kajiwara, N. Kobayashi, Y. Oda, K. Sakamoto, K. Takahashi, S. L. Rao, D. Ronden, M. Shapiro and R. Temkin......Page 381
2. TL's components location......Page 382
3. Technical requirements for the TL components......Page 384
References......Page 386
1. Introduction......Page 387
2. Numerical analysis......Page 388
References......Page 391
2. Transmission Line Lay Out......Page 393
3.1 Circular Corrugated Waveguide......Page 394
3.2 Mitre Bend......Page 395
4. Study of the Waveguide Gap and Mitre Bend through Gap Theory and Simulation......Page 396
4.1 Modelling of the smooth waveguide gap and mitre bend with TEo! mode......Page 397
References......Page 398
Development of Compact Resonant Diplexers for ECRH: Design, Recent Results, and Plans W. Kasparek, B. Plaum, P. Brand, C. Lechte, M. Saliba, Y. Wang, V. Erckmann, F. Hollmann, G. Michel, F. Noke, F. Purps, J. Stober, D. Wagner, M. Petelin, E. Koposova, L. Lubyako, N. Doelman, R. Van den Braber, A. Bruschi, W. Bongers and D. J. Thoen......Page 399
2. Design of high-power ring resonator diplexers......Page 400
3.1. Low-power measurements......Page 401
3.2 High-power experiments with the ECRH system at W7-X......Page 403
4. Applications......Page 404
5. Summary and outlook......Page 405
References......Page 406
1. Introduction......Page 407
2. Sawtooth instability model......Page 408
3. Control oriented system identification......Page 409
4. Controller design and closed loop results......Page 410
5. Conclusions......Page 411
References......Page 412
1. Introduction......Page 413
2. EU CVD Diamond Window (Prototype I)......Page 414
3. ED CVD Diamond Window (Prototype II)......Page 415
4. Evaluation ofH-terminated CVD Diamond Disk Quality......Page 416
References......Page 417
1. Introduction......Page 418
2.1. Geometry......Page 419
2.3. Boundary Conditions and Heat Load......Page 421
3.1. Pressure Drop: Comparison Between Water and DC200(R) 5cSt......Page 422
3.2. Pressure Drop: DC200(R) at Different Flow Rates......Page 423
3.3. Temperature: Comparison Between Water and DC200(R) SeSt......Page 424
4. Conclusion......Page 425
References......Page 426