Electrochemical Systems

Cover
Title Page
Copyright
Contents
Preface to the Fourth Edition
Preface to the Third Edition
Preface to the Second Edition
Preface to the First Edition
Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION
	1.1 Definitions
	1.2 Thermodynamics and Potential
	1.3 Kinetics and Rates of Reaction
	1.4 Transport
	1.5 Concentration Overpotential and the Diffusion Potential
	1.6 Overall Cell Potential
Chapter 2 THERMODYNAMICS IN TERMS OF ELECTROCHEMICAL POTENTIALS
	2.1 Phase Equilibrium
	2.2 Chemical Potential and Electrochemical Potential
	2.3 Definition of Some Thermodynamic Functions
	2.4 Cell with Solution of Uniform Concentration
	2.5 Transport Processes in Junction Regions
	2.6 Cell with a Single Electrolyte of Varying Concentration
	2.7 Cell with Two Electrolytes, One of Nearly Uniform Concentration
	2.8 Cell with Two Electrolytes, Both of Varying Concentration
	2.9 Lithium-Lithium Cell With Two Polymer Electrolytes
	2.10 Standard Cell Potential and Activity Coefficients
	2.11 Pressure Dependence of Activity Coefficients
	2.12 Temperature Dependence of Cell Potentials
	References
Chapter 3 THE ELECTRIC POTENTIAL
	3.1 The Electrostatic Potential
	3.2 Intermolecular Forces
	3.3 Outer and Inner Potentials
	3.4 Potentials of Reference Electrodes
	3.5 The Electric Potential in Thermodynamics
	References
Chapter 4 ACTIVITY COEFFICIENTS
	4.1 Ionic Distributions in Dilute Solutions
	4.2 Electrical Contribution to the Free Energy
	4.3 Shortcomings of the Debye-Hückel Model
	4.4 Binary Solutions
	4.5 Multicomponent Solutions
	4.6 Measurement of Activity Coefficients
	4.7 Weak Electrolytes
	References
Chapter 5 REFERENCE ELECTRODES
	5.1 Criteria for Reference Electrodes
	5.2 Experimental Factors Affecting Selection of Reference Electrodes
	5.3 The Hydrogen Electrode
	5.4 The Calomel Electrode and Other Mercury–Mercurous Salt Electrodes
	5.5 The Mercury–Mercuric Oxide Electrode
	5.6 Silver–Silver Halide Electrodes
	5.7 Potentials Relative to a Given Reference Electrode
	References
Chapter 6 POTENTIALS OF CELLS WITH JUNCTIONS
	6.1 Nernst Equation
	6.2 Types of Liquid Junctions
	6.3 Formulas for Liquid‐Junction Potentials
	6.4 Determination of Concentration Profiles
	6.5 Numerical Results
	6.6 Cells with Liquid Junction
	6.7 Error in the Nernst Equation
	6.8 Potentials Across Membranes
	6.9 Charged Membranes Immersed in an Electrolytic Solution
	References
Chapter 7 STRUCTURE OF THE ELECTRIC DOUBLE LAYER
	7.1 Qualitative Description of Double Layers
	7.2 Gibbs Adsorption Isotherm
	7.3 The Lippmann Equation
	7.4 The Diffuse Part of the Double Layer
	7.5 Capacity of the Double Layer in the Absence of Specific Adsorption
	7.6 Specific Adsorption at an Electrode–Solution Interface
	References
Chapter 8 ELECTRODE KINETICS
	8.1 Heterogeneous Electrode Reactions
	8.2 Dependence of Current Density on Surface Overpotential
	8.3 Models for Electrode Kinetics
	8.4 Effect of Double‐Layer Structure
	8.5 The Oxygen Electrode
	8.6 Methods of Measurement
	8.7 Simultaneous Reactions
	References
Chapter 9 ELECTROKINETIC PHENOMENA
	9.1 Discontinuous Velocity at an Interface
	9.2 Electro‐Osmosis and the Streaming Potential
	9.3 Electrophoresis
	9.4 Sedimentation Potential
	References
Chapter 10 ELECTROCAPILLARY PHENOMENA
	10.1 Dynamics of Interfaces
	10.2 Electrocapillary Motion of Mercury Drops
	10.3 Sedimentation Potentials for Falling Mercury Drops
	References
Chapter 11 INFINITELY DILUTE SOLUTIONS
	11.1 Transport Laws
	11.2 Conductivity, Diffusion Potentials, and Transference Numbers
	11.3 Conservation of Charge
	11.4 The Binary Electrolyte
	11.5 Supporting Electrolyte
	11.6 Multicomponent Diffusion by Elimination of the Electric Field
	11.7 Mobilities and Diffusion Coefficients
	11.8 Electroneutrality and Laplace'S Equation
	11.9 Moderately Dilute Solutions
	References
Chapter 12 CONCENTRATED SOLUTIONS
	12.1 Transport Laws
	12.2 The Binary Electrolyte
	12.3 Reference Velocities
	12.4 The Potential
	12.5 Connection with Dilute‐Solution Theory
	12.6 Example Calculation Using Concentrated Solution Theory
	12.7 Multicomponent Transport
	12.8 Liquid‐Junction Potentials
	References
Chapter 13 THERMAL EFFECTS
	13.1 Thermal Diffusion
	13.2 Heat Generation, Conservation, and Transfer
	13.3 Heat Generation at an Interface
	13.4 Thermogalvanic Cells
	13.5 Concluding Statements
	References
Chapter 14 TRANSPORT PROPERTIES
	14.1 Infinitely Dilute Solutions
	14.2 Solutions of a Single Salt
	14.3 Mixtures of Polymers and Salts
	14.4 Types of Transport Properties and Their Number
	14.5 Integral Diffusion Coefficients for Mass Transfer
	References
Chapter 15 FLUID MECHANICS
	15.1 Mass and Momentum Balances
	15.2 Stress in a Newtonian Fluid
	15.3 Boundary Conditions
	15.4 Fluid Flow to a Rotating Disk
	15.5 Magnitude of Electrical Forces
	15.6 Turbulent Flow
	15.7 Mass Transfer in Turbulent Flow
	15.8 Dissipation Theorem for Turbulent Pipe Flow
	References
Chapter 16 FUNDAMENTAL EQUATIONS
	16.1 Transport in Dilute Solutions
	16.2 Electrode Kinetics
Chapter 17 CONVECTIVE‐TRANSPORT PROBLEMS
	17.1 Simplifications for Convective Transport
	17.2 The Rotating Disk
	17.3 The Graetz Problem
	17.4 The Annulus
	17.5 Two‐Dimensional Diffusion Layers in Laminar Forced Convection
	17.6 Axisymmetric Diffusion Layers in Laminar Forced Convection
	17.7 A Flat Plate in a Free Stream
	17.8 Rotating Cylinders
	17.9 Growing Mercury Drops
	17.10 Free Convection
	17.11 Combined Free and Forced Convection
	17.12 Limitations of Surface Reactions
	17.13 Binary and Concentrated Solutions
	References
Chapter 18 APPLICATIONS OF POTENTIAL THEORY
	18.1 Simplifications For Potential‐Theory Problems
	18.2 Primary Current Distribution
	18.3 Secondary Current Distribution
	18.4 Numerical Solution by Finite Differences
	18.5 Principles of Cathodic Protection
	References
Chapter 19 EFFECT OF MIGRATION ON LIMITING CURRENTS
	19.1 Analysis
	19.2 Correction Factor for Limiting Currents
	19.3 Concentration Variation of Supporting Electrolyte
	19.4 Role of Bisulfate Ions
	19.5 Paradoxes with Supporting Electrolyte
	19.6 Limiting Currents for Free Convection
	References
Chapter 20 CONCENTRATION OVERPOTENTIAL
	20.1 Definition
	20.2 Binary Electrolyte
	20.3 Supporting Electrolyte
	20.4 Calculated Values
	References
Chapter 21 CURRENTS BELOW THE LIMITING CURRENT
	21.1 The Bulk Medium
	21.2 The Diffusion Layers
	21.3 Boundary Conditions and Method of Solution
	21.4 Results for the Rotating Disk
	References
Chapter 22 POROUS ELECTRODES
	22.1 Macroscopic Description of Porous Electrodes
	22.2 Nonuniform Reaction Rates
	22.3 Mass Transfer
	22.4 Battery Simulation
	22.5 Double‐Layer Charging and Adsorption
	22.6 Flow‐Through Electrochemical Reactors
	References
Chapter 23 SEMICONDUCTOR ELECTRODES
	23.1 Nature of Semiconductors
	23.2 Electric Capacitance at the Semiconductor–Solution Interface
	23.3 Liquid‐Junction Solar Cell
	23.4 Generalized Interfacial Kinetics
	23.5 Additional Aspects
	References
Chapter 24 IMPEDANCE
	24.1 Frequency Dispersion at a Disk Electrode
	24.2 Modulated Flow With a Disk Electrode
	24.3 Porous Electrodes for Batteries
	24.4 Kramers–Kronig Relation
	References
APPENDIX A PARTIAL MOLAR VOLUMES
APPENDIX B VECTORS AND TENSORS
APPENDIX C NUMERICAL SOLUTION OF COUPLED, ORDINARY DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS
Index
EULA