Electrical Engineering Principles and Applications

Cover......Page 1
Title Page......Page 2
Copyright Page......Page 3
Dedication Page......Page 4
Contents......Page 6
Preface......Page 14
Chapter 1_Introduction......Page 20
 1.1 OVERVIEW OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING......Page 21
 1.2 CIRCUITS, CURRENTS, AND VOLTAGES......Page 25
 1.3 POWER AND ENERGY......Page 32
 1.4 KIRCHHOFF’S CURRENT LAW......Page 35
 1.5 KIRCHHOFF’S VOLTAGE LAW......Page 38
 1.6 INTRODUCTION TO CIRCUIT ELEMENTS......Page 41
 1.7 INTRODUCTION TO CIRCUITS......Page 49
 Summary......Page 53
 Problems......Page 54
 Practice Test......Page 63
Chapter 2_Resistive Circuits......Page 65
 2.1 RESISTANCES IN SERIES AND PARALLEL......Page 66
 2.2 NETWORK ANALYSIS BY USING SERIES AND PARALLEL EQUIVALENTS......Page 70
 2.3 VOLTAGE-DIVIDER AND CURRENT-DIVIDER CIRCUITS......Page 74
 2.4 NODE-VOLTAGE ANALYSIS......Page 79
 2.5 MESH-CURRENT ANALYSIS......Page 98
 2.6 THÉVENIN AND NORTON EQUIVALENT CIRCUITS......Page 107
 2.7 SUPERPOSITION PRINCIPLE......Page 120
 2.8 WHEATSTONE BRIDGE......Page 123
 Summary......Page 126
 Problems......Page 128
 Frequently Asked Questions......Page 140
 Practice Test......Page 141
Chapter 3_Inductance and Capacitance......Page 143
 3.1 CAPACITANCE......Page 144
 3.2 CAPACITANCES IN SERIES AND PARALLEL......Page 151
 3.3 PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF CAPACITORS......Page 153
 3.4 INDUCTANCE......Page 157
 3.5 INDUCTANCES IN SERIES AND PARALLEL......Page 162
 3.6 PRACTICAL INDUCTORS......Page 163
 3.7 MUTUAL INDUCTANCE......Page 166
 3.8 SYMBOLIC INTEGRATION AND DIFFERENTIATION USING MATLAB......Page 167
 Summary......Page 171
 Problems......Page 172
 Frequently Asked Questions......Page 179
 Practice Test......Page 180
Chapter 4_Transients......Page 181
 4.1 FIRST-ORDER RC CIRCUITS......Page 182
 4.2 DC STEADY STATE......Page 186
 4.3 RL CIRCUITS......Page 188
 4.4 RC AND RL CIRCUITS WITH GENERAL SOURCES......Page 192
 4.5 SECOND-ORDER CIRCUITS......Page 198
 4.6 TRANSIENT ANALYSIS USING THE MATLAB SYMBOLIC TOOLBOX......Page 210
 Summary......Page 216
 Problems......Page 217
 Frequently Asked Questions......Page 226
 Practice Test......Page 227
Chapter 5_Steady-State Sinusoidal Analysis......Page 228
 5.1 SINUSOIDAL CURRENTS AND VOLTAGES......Page 229
 5.2 PHASORS......Page 235
 5.3 COMPLEX IMPEDANCES......Page 241
 5.4 CIRCUIT ANALYSIS WITH PHASORS AND COMPLEX IMPEDANCES......Page 244
 5.5 POWER IN AC CIRCUITS......Page 250
 5.6 THÉVENIN AND NORTON EQUIVALENT CIRCUITS......Page 263
 5.7 BALANCED THREE-PHASE CIRCUITS......Page 268
 5.8 AC ANALYSIS USING MATLAB......Page 280
 Summary......Page 284
 Problems......Page 285
 Frequently Asked Questions......Page 296
 Practice Test......Page 297
Chapter 6_Frequency Response, Bode Plots, and Resonance......Page 299
 6.1 FOURIER ANALYSIS, FILTERS, AND TRANSFER FUNCTIONS......Page 300
 6.2 FIRST-ORDER LOWPASS FILTERS......Page 308
 6.3 DECIBELS, THE CASCADE CONNECTION, AND LOGARITHMIC FREQUENCY SCALES......Page 313
 6.4 BODE PLOTS......Page 317
 6.5 FIRST-ORDER HIGHPASS FILTERS......Page 320
 6.6 SERIES RESONANCE......Page 324
 6.7 PARALLEL RESONANCE......Page 329
 6.8 IDEAL AND SECOND-ORDER FILTERS......Page 332
 6.9 TRANSFER FUNCTIONS AND BODE PLOTS WITH MATLAB......Page 338
 6.10 DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING......Page 343
 Summary......Page 352
 Problems......Page 354
 Practice Test......Page 366
Chapter 7_Logic Circuits......Page 368
 7.1 BASIC LOGIC CIRCUIT CONCEPTS......Page 369
 7.2 REPRESENTATION OF NUMERICAL DATA IN BINARY FORM......Page 372
 7.3 COMBINATORIAL LOGIC CIRCUITS......Page 380
 7.4 SYNTHESIS OF LOGIC CIRCUITS......Page 387
 7.5 MINIMIZATION OF LOGIC CIRCUITS......Page 394
 7.6 SEQUENTIAL LOGIC CIRCUITS......Page 398
 Summary......Page 409
 Problems......Page 410
 Frequently Asked Questions......Page 418
 Practice Test......Page 419
Chapter 8_Computers and Microcontrollers......Page 421
 8.1 COMPUTER ORGANIZATION......Page 422
 8.2 MEMORY TYPES......Page 425
 8.3 DIGITAL PROCESS CONTROL......Page 427
 8.4 PROGRAMMING MODEL FOR THE HCS12/9S12 FAMILY......Page 430
 8.5 THE INSTRUCTION SET AND ADDRESSING MODES FOR THE CPU12......Page 434
 8.6 ASSEMBLY-LANGUAGE PROGRAMMING......Page 443
 Summary......Page 448
 Problems......Page 449
 Frequently Asked Questions......Page 451
 Practice Test......Page 452
Chapter 9_Computer-Based Instrumentation Systems......Page 454
 9.1 MEASUREMENT CONCEPTS AND SENSORS......Page 455
 9.2 SIGNAL CONDITIONING......Page 460
 9.3 ANALOG-TO-DIGITAL CONVERSION......Page 467
 9.4 LABVIEW......Page 470
 Summary......Page 483
 Problems......Page 484
 Frequently Asked Questions......Page 486
 Practice Test......Page 487
Chapter 10_Diodes......Page 488
 10.1 BASIC DIODE CONCEPTS......Page 489
 10.2 LOAD-LINE ANALYSIS OF DIODE CIRCUITS......Page 492
 10.3 ZENER-DIODE VOLTAGE-REGULATOR CIRCUITS......Page 495
 10.4 IDEAL-DIODE MODEL......Page 499
 10.5 PIECEWISE-LINEAR DIODE MODELS......Page 501
 10.6 RECTIFIER CIRCUITS......Page 504
 10.7 WAVE-SHAPING CIRCUITS......Page 509
 10.8 LINEAR SMALL-SIGNAL EQUIVALENT CIRCUITS......Page 514
 Problems......Page 520
 Frequently Asked Questions......Page 530
 Practice Test......Page 531
Chapter 11_Amplifiers: Specifications and External Characteristics......Page 532
 11.1 BASIC AMPLIFIER CONCEPTS......Page 533
 11.2 CASCADED AMPLIFIERS......Page 538
 11.3 POWER SUPPLIES AND EFFICIENCY......Page 541
 11.4 ADDITIONAL AMPLIFIER MODELS......Page 544
 11.5 IMPORTANCE OF AMPLIFIER IMPEDANCES IN VARIOUS APPLICATIONS......Page 547
 11.6 IDEAL AMPLIFIERS......Page 550
 11.7 FREQUENCY RESPONSE......Page 551
 11.8 LINEAR WAVEFORM DISTORTION......Page 556
 11.9 PULSE RESPONSE......Page 560
 11.10 TRANSFER CHARACTERISTIC AND NONLINEAR DISTORTION......Page 563
 11.11 DIFFERENTIAL AMPLIFIERS......Page 565
 11.12 OFFSET VOLTAGE, BIAS CURRENT, AND OFFSET CURRENT......Page 569
 Summary......Page 574
 Problems......Page 575
 Frequently Asked Questions......Page 585
 Practice Test......Page 586
Chapter 12_Field-Effect Transistors......Page 587
 12.1 NMOS AND PMOS TRANSISTORS......Page 588
 12.2 LOAD-LINE ANALYSIS OF A SIMPLE NMOS AMPLIFIER......Page 595
 12.3 BIAS CIRCUITS......Page 598
 12.4 SMALL-SIGNAL EQUIVALENT CIRCUITS......Page 601
 12.5 COMMON-SOURCE AMPLIFIERS......Page 606
 12.6 SOURCE FOLLOWERS......Page 609
 12.7 CMOS LOGIC GATES......Page 614
 Summary......Page 619
 Problems......Page 620
 Practice Test......Page 628
Chapter 13_Bipolar Junction Transistors......Page 630
 13.1 CURRENT AND VOLTAGE RELATIONSHIPS......Page 631
 13.2 COMMON-EMITTER CHARACTERISTICS......Page 634
 13.3 LOAD-LINE ANALYSIS OF A COMMON-EMITTER AMPLIFIER......Page 635
 13.4 pnp BIPOLAR JUNCTION TRANSISTORS......Page 641
 13.5 LARGE-SIGNAL DC CIRCUIT MODELS......Page 643
 13.6 LARGE-SIGNAL DC ANALYSIS OF BJT CIRCUITS......Page 646
 13.7 SMALL-SIGNAL EQUIVALENT CIRCUITS......Page 653
 13.8 COMMON-EMITTER AMPLIFIERS......Page 656
 13.9 EMITTER FOLLOWERS......Page 661
 Summary......Page 667
 Problems......Page 668
 Frequentlty Asked Questions......Page 675
 Practice Test......Page 676
Chapter 14_Operational Amplifiers......Page 678
 14.1 IDEAL OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIERS......Page 679
 14.2 INVERTING AMPLIFIERS......Page 680
 14.3 NONINVERTING AMPLIFIERS......Page 687
 14.4 DESIGN OF SIMPLE AMPLIFIERS......Page 690
 14.5 OP-AMP IMPERFECTIONS IN THE LINEAR RANGE OF OPERATION......Page 695
 14.6 NONLINEAR LIMITATIONS......Page 699
 14.7 DC IMPERFECTIONS......Page 704
 14.8 DIFFERENTIAL AND INSTRUMENTATION AMPLIFIERS......Page 708
 14.9 INTEGRATORS AND DIFFERENTIATORS......Page 710
 14.10 ACTIVE FILTERS......Page 713
 Summary......Page 717
 Problems......Page 718
 Frequently Asked Questions......Page 730
 Practice Test......Page 731
Chapter 15_Magnetic Circuits and Transformers......Page 733
 15.1 MAGNETIC FIELDS......Page 734
 15.2 MAGNETIC CIRCUITS......Page 743
 15.3 INDUCTANCE AND MUTUAL INDUCTANCE......Page 748
 15.4 MAGNETIC MATERIALS......Page 752
 15.5 IDEAL TRANSFORMERS......Page 756
 15.6 REAL TRANSFORMERS......Page 763
 Problems......Page 768
 Practice Test......Page 778
Chapter 16_DC Machines......Page 779
 16.1 OVERVIEW OF MOTORS......Page 780
 16.2 PRINCIPLES OF DC MACHINES......Page 789
 16.3 ROTATING DC MACHINES......Page 794
 16.4 SHUNT-CONNECTED AND SEPARATELY EXCITED DC MOTORS......Page 800
 16.5 SERIES-CONNECTED DC MOTORS......Page 805
 16.6 SPEED CONTROL OF DC MOTORS......Page 809
 16.7 DC GENERATORS......Page 813
 Summary......Page 818
 Problems......Page 819
 Practice Test......Page 828
Chapter 17_AC Machines......Page 830
 17.1 THREE-PHASE INDUCTION MOTORS......Page 831
 17.2 EQUIVALENT-CIRCUIT AND PERFORMANCE CALCULATIONS FOR INDUCTION MOTORS......Page 839
 17.3 SYNCHRONOUS MACHINES......Page 848
 17.4 SINGLE-PHASE MOTORS......Page 860
 17.5 STEPPER MOTORS AND BRUSHLESS DC MOTORS......Page 863
 Summary......Page 865
 Problems......Page 866
 Practice......Page 872
Appendix A_Complex Numbers......Page 874
Appendix B_Nominal Values and the Color Code for Resistors......Page 883
Appendix C The Fundamentals of Engineering Examination......Page 885
Appendix D Answers for the Practice Tests......Page 889
Index......Page 898