Electric Circuits: A Primer

Electric Circuits: A Primer......Page 1
Contents......Page 6
Preface......Page 14
I  Static Circuits and Kirchhoff's Laws 2mm......Page 16
Potential Energy Concepts......Page 18
An Electric Field: Potential Source Model......Page 20
A Conductor......Page 21
Definition of a Voltage......Page 22
Path Independence......Page 24
Charged Particles in Motion: Current......Page 25
Power and Energy......Page 26
Passive Sign Convention......Page 27
Example: Conservation of Energy and Power......Page 28
Discussion......Page 30
The Resistor......Page 32
Concept of a Node......Page 33
A Model for the Bipolar Junction Transistor......Page 35
Discussion......Page 37
Kirchhoff's Loop and Current Laws......Page 38
Concept of a Loop: Kirchhoff's Loop Law......Page 39
Series and Parallel Circuit Elements......Page 40
Series Resistors and Voltage Division......Page 41
Parallel Resistors and Current Division......Page 43
Discussion......Page 45
Choosing the Potentials in the Circuit......Page 46
The Kirchhoff Loop Law......Page 48
The Kirchhoff Current Law......Page 49
Mathematical Solution......Page 50
Software for Circuit Analysis......Page 52
Octave......Page 53
A Worked Example......Page 54
Discussion......Page 57
A Circuit Containing a Supernode......Page 58
An Example of the Application of the Mesh Method......Page 62
Supermesh: Current Source in Common......Page 64
Discussion......Page 66
Linearity, Superposition, and Equivalence......Page 68
Using Superposition: Analyze a Circuit......Page 69
Combine Two Separate Solutions......Page 70
Equivalence......Page 71
Discussion......Page 74
The Thevenin Model......Page 76
Thevenin Potential VTH......Page 77
Thevenin Resistance  RTH......Page 79
The Norton Model......Page 80
A Second Example......Page 81
Comments......Page 83
Maximum Power Transfer Theorem......Page 84
An Example: Maximum Power Transfer......Page 86
Comments......Page 88
II Dynamic Sources, Energy Storage, and Transients 2mm......Page 90
The Capacitor......Page 92
Inductor......Page 96
Comments and Summary......Page 98
The Source-Free RC Circuit Prototype......Page 100
A First Source-Free RC Circuit Example......Page 102
The Circuit for Negative Time......Page 103
The Circuit for Positive Time......Page 104
A Third Source-Free RC Circuit Example......Page 105
The Circuit for Positive Time......Page 107
Comments......Page 109
The Source-Free RL Circuit Prototype......Page 110
A First Example of a Source-Free RL Circuit......Page 111
The RL Circuit for Negative Time......Page 112
The RL Circuit for Positive Time......Page 113
Second Example of a Source-Free RL Circuit......Page 114
Comments......Page 117
Step Response of an RC Circuit......Page 120
Negative Time Circuit and Its Analysis......Page 121
Positive Time Circuit and Its Analysis......Page 122
Numerical Solution Based on MATLAB......Page 124
Numerical Solution......Page 125
Numerical Results......Page 127
Simplification and the Prototype Form......Page 128
Solution Based on the Simplified Circuit......Page 129
A Second Example......Page 131
The Negative Time Circuit......Page 132
The Positive Time Circuit......Page 133
Discussion......Page 134
Step Response of an RL Circuit......Page 136
Discussion......Page 137
Negative Time Circuit......Page 140
The Solution for i(t)......Page 141
The Negative Time Circuit......Page 142
The Positive Time Circuit......Page 143
Series RLC Source-Free Circuits......Page 146
Series RLC Prototype......Page 147
Solution of the Second Order DE......Page 148
= 0: The Critically Damped Case......Page 149
Numerical Solution Using MATLAB......Page 150
Results......Page 152
Appendix: Solution of Second Order DE......Page 154
A First Example......Page 158
Negative Time Circuit......Page 159
Positive Time Circuit......Page 160
A Second Example......Page 161
The Circuit for Positive Time......Page 162
Discussion......Page 163
Source-Free Parallel RLC Circuits......Page 164
Solution of the Second Order DE......Page 165
Discussion......Page 166
A First Example......Page 168
A Second Example......Page 169
Negative Time Circuit......Page 170
Positive Time Circuit......Page 171
The Use of Circuit Simulators......Page 172
III AC: Sinusoidal Voltage and Current Sources 2mm......Page 174
Sinusoidal Sources, the Phasor and Impedance......Page 176
The Theory of the Phasor......Page 177
A Resistor Using the Phasor Notation......Page 178
Time to Phasor Domain Transformation......Page 180
A Capacitor Using the Phasor: Impedance......Page 181
An Inductor Using the Phasor: Impedance......Page 183
Discussion......Page 185
A First Example......Page 186
Discussion......Page 188
A Second Example......Page 189
Comments......Page 191
A First Example......Page 192
A Second Example......Page 194
Comments......Page 195
Superposition: Phasors......Page 196
Analysis Based on the AC Potential Source......Page 197
Analysis Based on the AC Current Source......Page 198
Analysis Based on the Static Voltage Source......Page 200
Comments......Page 201
Thevenin's Theorem for AC Circuits......Page 202
Thevenin Potential......Page 203
Maximum Power Transfer......Page 204
Series Resonance......Page 205
Parallel Resonance......Page 206
Summary......Page 208
Energy, Instantaneous and Average Power......Page 210
Average Power for AC Circuits and Electrical Systems: Time Domain Analysis......Page 211
Average Power for AC: Phasor Domain......Page 212
Summary......Page 214
Power Absorbed by the Resistor......Page 216
Power Absorbed by the Capacitor......Page 217
Power Absorbed by the Inductor......Page 218
Power Factor Correction......Page 219
Power Factor Correction Example......Page 222
Summary of Power Terminology......Page 225
Magnetically Coupled Circuits......Page 226
An Example: Circuit Making Use of Mutual Coupling......Page 227
A Second Example: Mutual Coupling......Page 229
Linear Transformer......Page 231
The Ideal Transformer......Page 233
Comments......Page 235
Frequency Response and System Transfer Function......Page 236
Example: Transfer Function for an RC Circuit......Page 237
Example: Third Order Low Pass Filter......Page 239
Analysis in the Time Domain......Page 240
Summary......Page 243
Balanced Three Phase System......Page 246
Analysis of a Y-Y Balanced System......Page 250
Analysis of a - Balanced System......Page 251
Y and  Transformations......Page 253
Comments......Page 254
Concluding Remarks and Further Reading......Page 256
History of EE......Page 257
About the Author......Page 260
Index......Page 262