El Hierro Island Global Geopark: Diversity of Volcanic Heritage for Geotourism

Preface
Contents
1 Volcanic Geoheritage in the Light of Volcano Geology
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Geoheritage—Geodiversity—Geoconservation from Volcano Science Perspective
	3 Geoheritage Recognition and Value Estimates from Volcano Geology Perspective
	4 Identification and Comparison of Volcanic Geoheritage Sites and Developing a Volcanic Geodiversity Estimate
	5 Link Between Volcanic Geoheritage and Other Geoheritage Elements
	6 Geocultural Aspects on Volcanic Geoheritage
	7 Geoconservation in the Light of Global Perspective of Volcanic Geoheritage
	8 Volcanic Geoheritage as Basis of Geopark Concept
	9 Conclusion
	Acknowledgements
	References
2 Volcanology of Recent Oceanic Active Island
	Abstract
	1 Formation and Large Units of the Relief Island
		1.1 Building Tiñor (1.2–0.88 My)
		1.2 The Building El Golfo—Las Playas (0.54–0.18 My)
		1.3 The Volcanism of the Rifts (0.15–0.012 My)
	2 Conclusions
	References
3 Volcanic Geomorphology in El Hierro Global Geopark
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Physiographic Features
	3 Erosive and Accumulation Forms
	4 Monogenetic Mafic Volcanism
	5 Discussion and Conclusions
	References
4 Geoheritage Inventory of the El Hierro UNESCO Global Geopark
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology
		2.1 Bibliographic and Documentary Compilation
		2.2 Constitution of the Working Group and Election of Collaborating Experts
		2.3 Selection of the Geosites of the El Hierro UGG
	3 Inventory of Geosites in the El Hierro UGG
	Acknowledgements
	References
5 The Vegetation Landscapes of a Oceanic Recent Volcanic Island
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Volcanic Relief as a Diversifier of Vegetation Landscapes in the Canary Islands
	3 The Vegetation Landscapes of El Hierro on an Island Scale
		3.1 El Cardonal-Tabaibal
		3.2 The Juniper Grove
		3.3 The Monteverde or Laurel Forest
		3.4 The Pine Forest
	4 The Vegetation Landscapes of the Volcanic Rifts of the Geopark
	5 Vegetation Landscapes on a Local Scale: The Tesoro Volcano
	6 Conclusions
	References
6 Human Occupation of a Small Volcanic Island
	Abstract
	1 Pre-European Population and Settlement
	2 The European Occupation
	3 The Partition and Its Demographic Influence
	4 Demographic Effects of the Canary Islands Economic Model on the island\'s Population
	5 Economic Crises and Their Impact on the Population of El Hierro
	6 The Diaspora
	7 Changing Trends
	References
7 Rural Landscapes in an Oceanic Volcanic Island
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 The Role of Ecological Determinants in the Configuration of the Agrarian Landscapes of El Hierro
	3 Five Insular Territorial Keys to Understanding the Uniqueness of the Agrarian Landscapes of El Hierro
	4 The Agro-Pastoral-Forest Landscapes of El Hierro
	Local Informants: Acknowledgements
	References
8 Geomorphosites of El Hierro UNESCO Global Geopark (Canary Islands, Spain): Promotion of Georoutes for Volcanic Tourism
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 Geomorphosites of El Hierro Island
		3.2 Selection of Geomorphosites
		3.3 Georoutes for Volcanic Tourism
	4 Conclusions
	Acknowledgements
	References
9 Birdwatching as a New Tourist Activity in El Hierro Geopark
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Methods
	3 Is It Worth Travelling to El Hierro for Birdwatching? Geographical Analysis of Bird Diversity
	4 Areas and Trails for Bird Watching in El Hierro
	5 Birdwatching as a Basis for Bird Conservation: The MacaroAves Project and the Strategy for the Canary Islands
	6 Conclusion
	References
10 Cultural Seascapes in the ‘Sea of Calms’ and La Restinga Coast
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 La Restinga and the Sea of Calms
	3 The Marine Reserve and the Marine Tourism Development
	4 Concluding: Cultural Landscape Besides Natural and Fishing Heritage
	Acknowledgements
	References
11 Submarine Eruption of El Hierro, Geotourism and Geoparks
	Abstract
	1 Underwater Eruption of El Hierro
		1.1 Pre-Eruptive Period
		1.2 Course—Characteristics of the Volcanic Event
		1.3 Post Eruption
	2 The Geopark of El Hierro
		2.1 Tourism in the Context of the Submarine Eruption
		2.2 The Birth of the Geopark of El Hierro
		2.3 A New Era for El Hierro
	3 Conclusion
	References