EKGS for the nurse practitioner and physician assistant

Cover
Title
Copyright
Contents
Reviewers
Foreword
Preface
Part I: Basics of Cardiac Physiology and Relationship to the EKG Rhythm Output
	Chapter 1: Introduction to the EKG , Cardiac Anatomy, and Electrical Conduction System
		Depolarization and Repolarization
		Sinus Node
		Atrioventricular Node
		Bundle of His
		Bundle Branches
		Review Questions
		Resources
	Chapter 2: Defining the Intervals
		P Wave
		PR Interval
		QRS Duration
		ST Segment
		T Wave
		QT Interval
		U Wave
		Review Questions
		Reference
		Resources
	Chapter 3: Lead Review
		Types and Placement of Leads
		Limb Leads
		Review of Important Points
		Combining Unipolar and Bipolar Leads
		Placement of the Chest Leads
		Basic Interpretation of the QRS Complex Across the Precordial Leads
		R Wave Progression
		Applying the Group Pattern of 12-Lead EKG Interpretation
		Summary of EKG Abnormalities and Associated Clinical Conditions
		Review Questions
		Resources
Part II: Interpreting the 12-Lead EKG
	Chapter 4: Rate
		Calculating the Heart Rate
		Junctional and Escape Rhythms
		Chronotropic Incompetence
		Review Questions
		Resources
	Chapter 5: Rhythm
		The Autonomic Nervous System and Heart Rate Variation
		Sinus Arrhythmia
		Atrial Arrhythmia
		Atrial Bigeminy, Trigeminy, and Tachycardia
		Atrial Fibrillation
		Summary of Atrial Arrhythmias
		Clinical Relevance of Premature Atrial Contractions
		Treatment of Premature Atrial Contractions
		Premature Ventricular Contractions
		Clinical Relevance of Premature Ventricular Contractions
		Treatment of Premature Ventricular Contractions
		Review Questions
		References
		Resources
	Chapter 6: Axis
		Using Limb Leads to Define Axis in Degrees
		Depolarization Vectors
		Defining the Four Quadrants
		Determining the Axis
		Summary of Axis Quadrant Determination
		Determining Axis in Degrees
		Applying Axis to Clinical Practice
		Review Questions
		Resources
	Chapter 7: Heart Block
		Sinus Pause
		Atrioventricular Block
		Ventricular Standstill
		Right Bundle and Left Bundle Branch Block
		Right and Left Hemiblock
		High-Risk Findings
		Treatment for Heart Block
		Review Questions
		References
		Resources
	Chapter 8: Ischemia and Infarction
		Ischemia
		Infarction
		Coronary Blood Supply
		Coronary Supply to the Conduction System
		Following a Pattern
		Reciprocal Changes
		Anterior Wall Ischemia and Infarction
		Lateral Wall Ischemia and Infarction
		Inferior Wall Ischemia and Infarction
		Posterior Wall Ischemia and Infarction
		Evaluating for Ischemia in the Presence of Bundle Branch Block
		EKG Findings in Ventricular Aneurysm
		High-Risk Findings for Ischemia and Infarction
		Risk Stratification
		Treatment
		Review Questions
		References
		Resources
Part III: Commonly Occurring Arrhythmias and EKG Findings
	Chapter 9: Supraventricular Tachycardia
		Diagnosing Supraventricular Tachycardia
		Adenosine and Supraventricular Tachycardia
		Paroxysmal Supraventricular Tachycardia
		Reentrant Tachycardias
		The Approach to the Patient with a Delta Wave
		Junctional Ectopic Tachycardia
		Atrial Fibrillation
		Atrial Flutter
		Treatment of Atrial Arrhythmias
		Review of Supraventricular Tachycardia
		Review Questions
		References
		Resources
	Chapter 10: Ventricular Arrhythmias
		Premature Ventricular Contractions
		Ventricular Tachycardia
		Ventricular Tachycardia Versus Aberrant Supraventricular Tachycardia
		Ventricular Fibrillation
		Asystole
		Brugada Pattern
		Treatment of Ventricular Arrhythmias
		Review Questions
		References
		Resources
	Chapter 11: Paced EKGs
		Indications for Pacemakers
		Anatomy of the Pacemaker System
		Pacemaker Leads
		Atrial Pacing
		Ventricular Pacing
		Dual-Chamber Pacing
		Biventricular Pacing
		Pacemaker Modes
		Pacemaker Malfunction
		EKG Findings Specific to Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator
		Review Questions
		References
		Resources
	Chapter 12: Drug and Electrolyte Effects on the EKG
		Cardiac Action Potential
		Antiarrhythmic Classes
		Noncardiac Drug Effects on EKG
		Electrolyte Abnormalities
		Digoxin
		Review Questions
		References
		Resources
	Chapter 13: Clinical Conditions That Affect the EKG
		Left Ventricular Hypertrophy
		Right Ventricular Hypertrophy
		Right Atrial Enlargement
		Left Atrial Enlargement
		Biatrial Enlargement
		Pericarditis
		Pericardial Effusion
		Pulmonary Embolism
		Hypothermia
		Acute Neurologic Injury
		Review Questions
		References
		Resources
Part IV: Clinical Application
	Chapter 14: Applying EKG Skills to Clinical Practice
		EKG 14.1
		EKG 14.2
		EKG 14.3
		EKG 14.4
		EKG 14.5
		EKG 14.6
		EKG 14.7
		EKG 14.8
		EKG 14.9
		EKG 14.10
		EKG 14.11
		EKG 14.12
		EKG 14.13
		EKG 14.14
		EKG 14.15
		EKG 14.16
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		EKG 14.18
		EKG 14.19
		EKG 14.20
		EKG 14.21
		EKG 14.22
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		EKG 14.25
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		EKG 14.27
		EKG 14.28
		EKG 14.29
		EKG 14.30
		EKG 14.31
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		EKG 14.33
		EKG 14.34
		EKG 14.35
		EKG 14.36
		EKG 14.37
		EKG 14.38
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		EKG 14.60
		EKG 14.61
		EKG 14.62
		EKG 14.63
		EKG 14.64
		EKG 14.65
		EKG 14.66
		EKG 14.67
		EKG 14.68
		EKG 14.69
		EKG 14.70
Part V: Answer Keys
	Chapter 15: Answers to End-of-Chapter Review Questions
	Chapter 16: Answers and Teaching Points to Chapter 14 EKGs
Index