Eisler's Encyclopedia of Environmentally Hazardous Priority Chemicals

Front cover......Page 1
EISLER’S ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ENVIRONMENTALLY HAZARDOUS PRIORITY CHEMICALS......Page 4
Copyright page......Page 5
PREFACE......Page 8
ABOUT THE AUTHOR......Page 10
BOOKS BY RONALD EISLER......Page 12
LIST OF TABLES......Page 14
LIST OF FIGURES......Page 18
Table of contents......Page 20
1.2 Sources and Uses......Page 38
1.3 Environmental Chemistry......Page 40
1.4 Lethal and Sublethal Effects......Page 43
1.5 Recommendations......Page 49
1.6 Summary......Page 51
2.1 Introduction......Page 54
2.2 Sources, Fate, and Uses......Page 55
2.3 Chemical and Biochemical Properties......Page 57
2.4 Essentiality, Synergism, and Antagonism......Page 60
2.5 Concentrations in Field Collections......Page 61
2.6 Lethal and Sublethal Effects......Page 65
2.7 Recommendations......Page 73
2.8 Summary......Page 79
3.2 Environmental Chemistry......Page 82
3.3 Concentrations in Field Collections......Page 85
3.4 Effects......Page 86
3.5 Recommendations......Page 92
3.6 Summary......Page 93
4.2 Environmental Chemistry......Page 96
4.3 Concentrations in Field Collections......Page 101
4.4 Effects......Page 102
4.5 Recommendations......Page 108
4.6 Summary......Page 112
5.2 Environmental Chemistry......Page 114
5.3 Concentrations in Field Collections......Page 115
5.4 Lethal Effects......Page 118
5.5 Sublethal Effects......Page 119
5.6 Bioaccumulation......Page 122
5.8 Recommendations......Page 124
5.9 Summary......Page 130
6.1 Introduction......Page 132
6.2 Chemical Properties and Persistence......Page 133
6.3 Lethal Effects......Page 136
6.4 Sublethal Effects......Page 140
6.5 Recommendations......Page 145
6.6 Summary......Page 146
7.2 Chemical and Biochemical Properties......Page 148
7.4 Concentrations in Field Collections......Page 152
7.5 Lethal and Sublethal Effects......Page 157
7.6 Recommendations......Page 162
7.7 Summary......Page 164
8.2 Environmental Chemistry......Page 166
8.3 Laboratory Investigations......Page 169
8.4 Field Investigations......Page 171
8.6 Summary......Page 172
9.2 Environmental Chemistry......Page 174
9.3 Concentrations in Field Collections......Page 177
9.4 Beneficial and Protective Properties......Page 178
9.5 Lethal Effects......Page 179
9.6 Sublethal Effects......Page 182
9.7 Field Investigations......Page 191
9.9 Summary......Page 193
10.2 Sources and Uses......Page 198
10.3 Chemical and Biochemical Properties......Page 201
10.4 Carcinogenicity, Mutagenicity, and Teratogenicity......Page 209
10.5 Concentrations in Field Collections......Page 210
10.6 Copper Deficiency Effects......Page 217
10.7 Lethal and Sublethal Effects......Page 219
10.8 Proposed Criteria and Recommendations......Page 228
10.9 Summary......Page 235
11.1 Introduction......Page 238
11.2 Chemical Properties......Page 240
11.3 Mode of Action......Page 242
11.4 Clinical Features......Page 244
11.5 Antidotes......Page 245
11.6 Sources and Uses......Page 246
11.7 Concentrations in Field Collections......Page 250
11.8 Persistence in Water, Soil, and Air......Page 251
11.9 Lethal and Sublethal Effects......Page 252
11.10 Recommendations......Page 264
11.11 Summary......Page 268
12.1 Introduction......Page 270
12.2 Environmental Chemistry......Page 271
12.3 Lethal Effects......Page 272
12.4 Sublethal Effects......Page 274
12.5 Recommendations......Page 278
12.6 Summary......Page 279
13.2 Environmental Chemistry......Page 282
13.3 Uses......Page 285
13.4 Lethal and Sublethal Effects......Page 286
13.5 Recommendations......Page 294
13.6 Summary......Page 295
14.1 Introduction......Page 298
14.2 Environmental Chemistry......Page 299
14.3 Concentrations in Field Collections......Page 301
14.4 Lethal and Sublethal Effects......Page 305
14.5 Recommendations......Page 311
14.6 Summary......Page 315
15.2 Uses......Page 316
15.3 Chemistry and Metabolism......Page 317
15.4 Lethal and Sublethal Effects......Page 320
15.5 Recommendations......Page 326
15.6 Summary......Page 327
16.1 Introduction......Page 330
16.2 Environmental Chemistry......Page 331
16.3 Mode of Action......Page 336
16.4 Effects......Page 339
16.5 Recommendations......Page 345
16.6 Summary......Page 348
17.1 Introduction......Page 350
17.2 Geology, Sources, and Production......Page 351
17.3 Uses......Page 357
17.4 Properties......Page 361
17.5 Gold Concentrations in Field Collections......Page 367
17.6 Gold Effects on Plants and Animals......Page 370
17.7 Health Risks of Gold Miners......Page 379
17.8 Human Sensitivity to Gold......Page 385
17.9 Gold MineWastes......Page 388
17.10 Recommendations......Page 402
17.11 Summary......Page 405
18.1 Introduction......Page 408
18.2 Sources and Uses......Page 410
18.3 Chemical Properties......Page 411
18.4 Mode of Action......Page 413
18.5 Concentrations in Field Collections......Page 416
18.6 Lethal and Sublethal Effects......Page 424
18.7 Recommendations......Page 433
18.8 Summary......Page 442
19.1 Introduction......Page 444
19.2 Mercury Uses and Sources......Page 446
19.3 Properties......Page 452
19.4 Mercury Poisoning and Treatment......Page 458
19.5 Mercury Concentrations in Abiotic Materials......Page 462
19.6 Mercury Concentrations in Plants and Animals......Page 465
19.7 Lethal Effects of Mercurials......Page 480
19.8 Sublethal Effects......Page 484
19.9 Minamata......Page 503
19.10 Mercury Hazards from Gold Mining......Page 509
19.11 Proposed Mercury Criteria for the Protection of Natural Resources and Human Health......Page 521
19.12 Summary......Page 534
20.2 Chemical Properties......Page 540
20.3 Lethal Effects......Page 541
20.4 Sublethal Effects......Page 542
20.5 Bioaccumulation......Page 544
20.6 Mirex in the Southeastern U.S.......Page 546
20.7 Mirex in the Great Lakes......Page 548
20.8 Mirex in Other Geographic Areas......Page 550
20.9 Recommendations......Page 551
20.10 Summary......Page 553
21.2 Environmental Chemistry......Page 554
21.3 Concentrations in Field Collections......Page 557
21.4 Effects......Page 559
21.5 Recommendations......Page 565
21.6 Summary......Page 568
22.1 Introduction......Page 570
22.2 Sources and Uses......Page 571
22.3 Properties......Page 574
22.4 Carcinogenicity, Mutagenicity, and Teratogenicity......Page 579
22.5 Concentrations in Field Collections......Page 585
22.6 Nickel Deficiency Effects......Page 591
22.7 Lethal and Sublethal Effects......Page 593
22.8 Proposed Criteria and Recommendations......Page 600
22.9 Summary......Page 607
23.1 Introduction......Page 610
23.3 Concentrations in Field Collections......Page 611
23.4 Environmental Chemistry......Page 612
23.5 Lethal and Sublethal Effects......Page 616
23.6 Recommendations......Page 622
23.7 Summary......Page 625
24.1 Introduction......Page 626
24.2 Environmental Chemistry......Page 627
24.3 Concentrations in Field Collections......Page 632
24.4 Effects......Page 633
24.5 Recommendations......Page 638
24.6 Summary......Page 643
25.2 Sources and Uses......Page 644
25.3 Chemical and Biochemical Properties......Page 645
25.4 Concentrations in Field Collections......Page 657
25.5 Lethal and Sublethal Effects......Page 671
25.6 Recommendations......Page 676
25.7 Summary......Page 680
26.1 Introduction......Page 682
26.2 Environmental Chemistry, Sources, and Fate......Page 683
26.3 Concentrations in Field Collections......Page 691
26.4 Lethal and Sublethal Effects......Page 696
26.5 Recommendations......Page 706
26.6 Summary......Page 712
27.1 Introduction......Page 714
27.2 Physical Properties of Radiation......Page 715
27.3 Sources and Uses......Page 717
27.4 Radionuclide Concentrations in Field Collections......Page 725
27.5 Case Histories......Page 729
27.6 Effects: Nonionizing Radiations......Page 746
27.7 Effects: Ionizing Radiations......Page 748
27.8 Proposed Criteria and Recommendations......Page 760
27.9 Summary......Page 767
Glossary......Page 769
28.1 Introduction......Page 774
28.2 Environmental Chemistry......Page 775
28.3 Concentrations in Field Collections......Page 777
28.4 Deficiency and Protective Effects......Page 780
28.5 Lethal Effects......Page 782
28.6 Sublethal and Latent Effects......Page 786
28.7 Recommendations......Page 790
28.8 Summary......Page 796
29.2 Sources and Uses......Page 798
29.3 Properties......Page 801
29.4 Concentrations in Field Collections......Page 806
29.5 Lethal and Sublethal Effects......Page 809
29.6 Recommendations......Page 815
29.7 Summary......Page 818
30.1 Introduction......Page 820
30.2 Uses......Page 821
30.3 Environmental Chemistry......Page 825
30.4 Lethal and Sublethal Effects......Page 832
30.5 Recommendations......Page 842
30.6 Summary......Page 844
31.1 Introduction......Page 846
31.2 Chemical and Biochemical Properties......Page 847
31.3 Sources and Uses......Page 850
31.4 Concentrations in Field Collections......Page 852
31.5 Effects......Page 854
31.6 Recommendations......Page 861
31.7 Summary......Page 864
32.1 Introduction......Page 866
32.2 Environmental Chemistry......Page 867
32.3 Concentrations in Field Populations......Page 869
32.4 Lethal Effects......Page 871
32.5 Sublethal Effects......Page 872
32.6 Recommendations......Page 874
32.7 Summary......Page 876
33.1 Introduction......Page 878
33.2 Sources and Uses......Page 879
33.3 Chemical and Biochemical Properties......Page 880
33.4 Carcinogenicity, Mutagenicity, and Teratogenicity......Page 888
33.5 Concentrations in Field Collections......Page 890
33.6 Zinc Deficiency Effects......Page 897
33.7 Lethal and Sublethal Effects......Page 902
33.8 Recommendations......Page 914
33.9 Summary......Page 924
General Index......Page 928
Species Index......Page 970