Effects of Nicotine on Biological Systems

Front Matter....Pages I-XII
Introductory Remarks....Pages 1-4
Front Matter....Pages 5-5
The Ethnopharmacology of Tobacco in Native South America....Pages 7-16
Front Matter....Pages 17-17
Importance of Nicotine Metabolism in Understanding the Human Biology of Nicotine....Pages 19-24
The In Vitro Metabolic Fate of (S)-Nicotine....Pages 25-34
Oxidative Metabolism of Nicotine In Vivo ....Pages 35-44
Detection of Nornicotine in Human Urine after Infusion of Nicotine....Pages 45-49
Concentration of Nicotine in Serum and Saliva after Intravenous Infusion of the Alkaloid and after Smoking....Pages 51-55
Pharmacokinetics of Nicotine after Intranasal Administration....Pages 57-61
Nicotine Application with an Oral Capsule....Pages 63-68
Conjugation Pathways in Nicotine Metabolism....Pages 69-75
Contribution of Trans 3′-Hydroxycotinine and Glucuronide Conjugates of Nicotine Metabolites to the Measurement of Cotinine by Ria....Pages 77-81
Extrahepatic Compared with Hepatic Metabolism of Nicotine in the Rat....Pages 83-87
Relevance of Nicotine-Derived N-Nitrosamines in Tobacco Carcino-Genesis....Pages 89-101
No Pyrosynthesis of N′-Nitrosonornicotine (NNN) and 4-(Methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-Pyridyl)-1-Butanone (NNK) from Nicotine....Pages 103-107
Exposure to Nicotine-Derived N-Nitrosamines from Smokeless Tobacco and Evidence Against their Endogenous Formation....Pages 109-113
Toxicokinetics of Nicotine-Derived Nitrosamines in the Rat....Pages 115-121
Intestinal First Pass Metabolism of NNK in the Mouse....Pages 123-127
Front Matter....Pages 129-129
Effects of Nicotine on Insulin: Actions and Implications....Pages 131-142
Smoking and Adipose Tissue Lipoprotein Lipase....Pages 143-145
Effects of Nicotine on Pulmonary Defence Systems....Pages 147-158
Front Matter....Pages 129-129
Effect of Nicotine on the Elastinolytic Activity of Human Lung Tumor Cells and Human Alveolar Macrophages....Pages 159-164
A New Role for Nicotine: Selective Inhibition of Thromboxane Formation by Direct Interaction with Thromboxane Synthase....Pages 165-170
Effects of Nicotine and Cotinine on Prostacyclin Biosynthesis....Pages 171-175
Effects of Nicotine on the Generation of Lipoxygenase Products....Pages 177-181
Effects of Nicotine on Ureteric Motility....Pages 183-186
Nicotine Induced Alteration in Phosphatase Activity in Plasma, Liver and Kidney of Rats....Pages 187-190
Cardiovascular Effects of Repeated Nicotine Administrations: Conditions where Effects are Maintained or where Self-Blockade Takes Place....Pages 191-195
Nicotine-Induced Release of Noradrenaline and Neuropeptide Y in the Heart: Dependence on Calcium, Potassium, and pH....Pages 197-203
Evidence for Noradrenaline-Mediated Changes in Platelet and Heart Function Following Chronic Treatment of Rats and Guinea Pigs with Nicotine....Pages 205-212
Doppler Flow Measurements and Smoking in Pregnancy....Pages 213-217
Effect of Nicotine on Red Cell Deformabilitiy in Diabetes Mellitus....Pages 219-223
Prenatal Nicotine Exposure and Sexual Brain Differentiation....Pages 225-229
Desipramine Inhibits the Nicotine-Induced Exocytosis in Rat Phaeochromocytoma Cells (PC12)....Pages 231-236
Front Matter....Pages 237-237
Glucose Metabolism: An Index of Nicotine Action in the Brain....Pages 239-248
Effects of a Chronic Nicotine Infusion on the Local Cerebral Glucose Utilization....Pages 249-252
Ion Channel Blockers and Nicotinic Agonists and Antagonists to Probe Brain Nicotinic Receptors....Pages 253-262
Increased Sensitivity of Brain Muscarinic Receptor to its Agonists as a Result of Repeated Nicotine Pretreatment in Rats, Mice and Rabbits....Pages 263-272
Nicotine Induces Opioid Peptide Gene Expression in Hypothalamus and Adrenal Medulla of Rats....Pages 273-283
The Mesolimbic Dopamine System as a Target for Nicotine....Pages 285-294
Presynaptic Actions of Nicotine in the CNS....Pages 295-306
Front Matter....Pages 237-237
Mechanisms Underlying the Protective Effects of Chronic Nicotine Treatment Against Degeneration of Central Dopamine Neurons by Mechanical Lesions....Pages 307-322
The Effect of Chronic Nicotine Treatment on 1-Methyl-4-Phenyl-1,2,3,6-Tetrahydropyridine-Induced Degeneration of Nigrostriatal Dopamine Neurons in the Black Mouse....Pages 323-329
Effects of Postnatal Exposure to Cigarette Smoke on Hypothalamic Catecholamine Nerve Terminal Systems and Neuroendocrine Function in Weanling and Adult Male Rats....Pages 331-337
Nicotine Infusion in Man Stimulates Plasma-Vasopressin, -ACTH and -Cortisol in a Dose Dependent Manner....Pages 339-343
A Single Dose of Nicotine is Sufficient to Increase Tyrosine Hydroxylase Activity in Noradrenergic Neurones....Pages 345-350
The Effect of Acute and Repeated Nicotine Injections on Brain Dopamine Activation: Comparisons with Morphine and Amphetamine....Pages 351-353
Preliminary Studies on the In Vivo Desensitization of Central Nicotinic Receptors by (−)-Nicotine....Pages 355-359
A Comparison of the Characteristics of Nicotine Receptors in Young and Aged Rat Cortex....Pages 361-365
Thymopoietin Potently and Specifically Interacts with the Nicotinic α -Bungarotoxin Receptor in Neuronal Tissue....Pages 367-371
Low Concentrations of Nicotine Increase the Firing Rate of Neurons of the Rat Ventral Tegmental Area In Vitro ....Pages 373-377
Effect of Nicotine and Some Other Hedonic Agents on Spontaneous Activity of Hippocampus Neurones in the Rat....Pages 379-385
Front Matter....Pages 387-387
The role of the Forebrain Cholinergic Projection System in Performance in the Radial-Arm Maze in Memory-Impaired Rats....Pages 389-399
Alterations in Septohippocampal Cholinergic Receptors and Related Behavior after Prenatal Exposure to Nicotine....Pages 401-406
Studies on the Role of Mesolimbic Dopamine in Behavioural Responses to Chronic Nicotine....Pages 407-416
Rearing and Learning Behaviors of Rats After Long-Term Administration of Nicotine....Pages 417-421
Regulation of Intravenous Nicotine Self-Administration — Dopamine Mechanisms....Pages 423-432
Nicotine-Seeking Behavior in Rhesus Monkeys....Pages 433-442
Regulation of Various Responses to Nicotine by Different Nicotinic Receptor Subtypes....Pages 443-453
Influence of Neonatal Nicotine Exposure on Development of Nicotinic Receptor Subtypes in Brain and Behaviour in Adult Mice....Pages 455-459
Behavioral Interaction Between Nicotine and Caffeine....Pages 461-464
Front Matter....Pages 387-387
Effects of Pre- and Postnatal Injections of “Smoking Doses” of Nicotine, or Vehicle Alone, on the Maternal Behavior and Second-Generation Adult Behavior of Roman High- and Low-Avoidance Rats....Pages 465-469
Front Matter....Pages 471-471
The Pleasures of Nicotine....Pages 473-483
Nicotine Deprivation and Nicotine Reinstatement: Effects Upon a Brief Sustained Attention Task....Pages 485-490
Neuroelectric Correlates of Smoking Behavior....Pages 491-500
Nicotine: A Unique Psychoactive Drug....Pages 501-507
The Comparative Psychopharmacology of Nicotine....Pages 509-519
Separate and Combined Effects of the Social Drugs on Psychomotor Performance....Pages 521-525
The Influence of Nicotine on CNS Arousal During the Menstrual Cycle....Pages 527-530
Effects of Nicotine Gum on Short-Term Memory....Pages 531-535
Relationships Between Photic Driving, Nicotine and Memory....Pages 537-546
Effects of Nicotine Cigarettes on Memory Search Rate....Pages 547-557
Nicotine Polacrilex Gum and Sustained Attention....Pages 559-564
The Behavioral Effects of Nicotine in Laboratory Animals and in the Human Smoker....Pages 565-576
Front Matter....Pages 577-577
Nicotine and Cardiovascular Disease....Pages 579-596
Nicotine and Smoking in Patients with Ulcerative Colitis....Pages 597-603
Cigarette Smoking Influences Eicosanoid Production by the Colonic Mucosa in a Dose Dependent Manner....Pages 605-609
Abstention from Smoking may Increase the Risk of Ulcerative Colitis by Enhancing Eicosanoid Production....Pages 611-615
Smoking and Parkinson’s Disease....Pages 617-621
The Effects of Nicotine on Attention, Information Processing, and Working Memory in Patients with Dementia of the Alzheimer Type....Pages 623-630
Nicotinic Receptor Loss in Brain of Alzheimer Patients as Revealed by In Vitro Receptor Binding and In Vivo Positron Emission Tomography Techniques....Pages 631-640
Back Matter....Pages 641-646