Effective Python: 90 specific ways to write better Python

Cover
Half Title
Title Page
Copyright Page
Dedication
Contents
Preface
Acknowledgments
About the Author
Chapter 1 Pythonic Thinking
	Item 1: Know Which Version of Python You’re Using
	Item 2: Follow the PEP 8 Style Guide
	Item 3: Know the Differences Between bytes and str
	Item 4: Prefer Interpolated F-Strings Over C-style Format Strings and str.format
	Item 5: Write Helper Functions Instead of Complex Expressions
	Item 6: Prefer Multiple Assignment Unpacking Over Indexing
	Item 7: Prefer enumerate Over range
	Item 8: Use zip to Process Iterators in Parallel
	Item 9: Avoid else Blocks After for and while Loops
	Item 10: Prevent Repetition with Assignment Expressions
Chapter 2 Lists and Dictionaries
	Item 11: Know How to Slice Sequences
	Item 12: Avoid Striding and Slicing in a Single Expression
	Item 13: Prefer Catch-All Unpacking Over Slicing
	Item 14: Sort by Complex Criteria Using the key Parameter
	Item 15: Be Cautious When Relying on dict Insertion Ordering
	Item 16: Prefer get Over in and KeyError to Handle Missing Dictionary Keys
	Item 17: Prefer defaultdict Over setdefault to Handle Missing Items in Internal State
	Item 18: Know How to Construct Key-Dependent Default Values with __missing__
Chapter 3 Functions
	Item 19: Never Unpack More Than Three Variables When Functions Return Multiple Values
	Item 20: Prefer Raising Exceptions to Returning None
	Item 21: Know How Closures Interact with Variable Scope
	Item 22: Reduce Visual Noise with Variable Positional Arguments
	Item 23: Provide Optional Behavior with Keyword Arguments
	Item 24: Use None and Docstrings to Specify Dynamic Default Arguments
	Item 25: Enforce Clarity with Keyword-Only and Positional-Only Arguments
	Item 26: Define Function Decorators with functools.wraps
Chapter 4 Comprehensions and Generators
	Item 27: Use Comprehensions Instead of map and filter
	Item 28: Avoid More Than Two Control Subexpressions in Comprehensions
	Item 29: Avoid Repeated Work in Comprehensions by Using Assignment Expressions
	Item 30: Consider Generators Instead of Returning Lists
	Item 31: Be Defensive When Iterating Over Arguments
	Item 32: Consider Generator Expressions for Large List Comprehensions
	Item 33: Compose Multiple Generators with yield from
	Item 34: Avoid Injecting Data into Generators with send
	Item 35: Avoid Causing State Transitions in Generators with throw
	Item 36: Consider itertools for Working with Iterators and Generators
Chapter 5 Classes and Interfaces
	Item 37: Compose Classes Instead of Nesting Many Levels of Built-in Types
	Item 38: Accept Functions Instead of Classes for Simple Interfaces
	Item 39: Use @classmethod Polymorphism to Construct Objects Generically
	Item 40: Initialize Parent Classes with super
	Item 41: Consider Composing Functionality with Mix-in Classes
	Item 42: Prefer Public Attributes Over Private Ones
	Item 43: Inherit from collections.abc for Custom Container Types
Chapter 6 Metaclasses and Attributes
	Item 44: Use Plain Attributes Instead of Setter and Getter Methods
	Item 45: Consider @property Instead of Refactoring Attributes
	Item 46: Use Descriptors for Reusable @property Methods
	Item 47: Use__getattr__, __getattribute__, and __setattr__ for Lazy Attributes
	Item 48: Validate Subclasses with __init_subclass__
	Item 49: Register Class Existence with __init_subclass__
	Item 50: Annotate Class Attributes with __set_name__
	Item 51: Prefer Class Decorators Over Metaclasses for Composable Class Extensions
Chapter 7 Concurrency and Parallelism
	Item 52: Use subprocess to Manage Child Processes
	Item 53: Use Threads for Blocking I/O, Avoid for Parallelism
	Item 54: Use Lock to Prevent Data Races in Threads
	Item 55: Use Queue to Coordinate Work Between Threads
	Item 56: Know How to Recognize When Concurrency Is Necessary
	Item 57: Avoid Creating New Thread Instances for On-demand Fan-out
	Item 58: Understand How Using Queue for Concurrency Requires Refactoring
	Item 59: Consider ThreadPoolExecutor When Threads Are Necessary for Concurrency
	Item 60: Achieve Highly Concurrent I/O with Coroutines
	Item 61: Know How to Port Threaded I/O to asyncio
	Item 62: Mix Threads and Coroutines to Ease the Transition to asyncio
	Item 63: Avoid Blocking the asyncio Event Loop to Maximize Responsiveness
	Item 64: Consider concurrent.futures for True Parallelism
Chapter 8 Robustness and Performance
	Item 65: Take Advantage of Each Block in try/except /else/finally
	Item 66: Consider contextlib and with Statements for Reusable try/finally Behavior
	Item 67: Use datetime Instead of time for Local Clocks
	Item 68: Make pickle Reliable with copyreg
	Item 69: Use decimal When Precision Is Paramount
	Item 70: Profile Before Optimizing
	Item 71: Prefer deque for Producer–Consumer Queues
	Item 72: Consider Searching Sorted Sequences with bisect
	Item 73: Know How to Use heapq for Priority Queues
	Item 74: Consider memoryview and bytearray for Zero-Copy Interactions with bytes
Chapter 9 Testing and Debugging
	Item 75: Use repr Strings for Debugging Output
	Item 76: Verify Related Behaviors in TestCase Subclasses
	Item 77: Isolate Tests from Each Other with setUp, tearDown, setUpModule, and tearDownModule
	Item 78: Use Mocks to Test Code with Complex Dependencies
	Item 79: Encapsulate Dependencies to Facilitate Mocking and Testing
	Item 80: Consider Interactive Debugging with pdb
	Item 81: Use tracemalloc to Understand Memory Usage and Leaks
Chapter 10 Collaboration
	Item 82: Know Where to Find Community-Built Modules
	Item 83: Use Virtual Environments for Isolated and Reproducible Dependencies
	Item 84: Write Docstrings for Every Function, Class, and Module
	Item 85: Use Packages to Organize Modules and Provide Stable APIs
	Item 86: Consider Module-Scoped Code to Configure Deployment Environments
	Item 87: Define a Root Exception to Insulate Callers from APIs
	Item 88: Know How to Break Circular Dependencies
	Item 89: Consider warnings to Refactor and Migrate Usage
	Item 90: Consider Static Analysis via typing to Obviate Bugs
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