Educational Psychology

Cover Page......Page 1
Case Matrix......Page 6
Title Page......Page 9
Copyright Page......Page 10
About the Author......Page 11
Preface......Page 12
A Note from the Author to the Student......Page 21
Brief Contents......Page 26
Contents......Page 27
CHAPTER 1 Educational Psychology: Becoming An Effective Classroom Teacher......Page 34
SOME CHALLENGES THAT BEGINNING TEACHERS
ARE FACING......Page 37
WHAT IS EDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY?......Page 39
WHAT MAKES AN EFFECTIVE TEACHER?......Page 44
WHAT MAKES AN EXPERT TEACHER?......Page 47
SUMMARY......Page 52
TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING......Page 53
CASE STUDY......Page 54
CHAPTER 2 Understanding Diversity in the Classroom......Page 56
WHY IS IT IMPORTANT TO UNDERSTAND DIVERSITY IN THE CLASSROOM ?......Page 58
GROUP DIFFERENCES......Page 59
INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES......Page 76
EXCEPTIONAL STUDENTS......Page 81
IN THE CLASSROOM: A THINKING FRAMEWORK......Page 92
CASE STUDY......Page 94
SUMMARY......Page 97
TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING......Page 98
CONNECT WHAT YOU LEARNED TO OTHER CHAPTERS......Page 99
CASE STUDY......Page 100
CHAPTER 3 Cognitive and Language Development......Page 102
WHAT IS HUMAN DEVELOPMENT?......Page 104
COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT THEORIES......Page 110
LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT THEORIES......Page 129
DIVERSITY IN LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT......Page 136
CASE STUDY......Page 138
SUMMARY......Page 141
TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING......Page 142
CONNECT WHAT YOU LEARNED TO OTHER CHAPTERS......Page 143
CASE STUDY......Page 144
CHAPTER 4 Personal, Social, and Moral Development......Page 146
PERSONAL AND SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT......Page 148
THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE SELF......Page 158
ERIKSON’S PSYCHOSOCIAL THEORY OF PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT......Page 163
CASE STUDY......Page 166
MORAL DEVELOPMENT......Page 169
DIVERSITY IN PERSONAL, SOCIAL, AND MORAL DEVELOPMENT......Page 177
SUMMARY......Page 180
TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING......Page 181
CONNECT WHAT YOU LEARNED TO OTHER CHAPTERS......Page 182
CASE STUDY......Page 183
CHAPTER 5 Behavioral Views of Learning......Page 186
WHAT IS THE BEHAVIORAL VIEW OF HOW WE LEARN?......Page 188
CLASSICAL CONDITIONING......Page 189
OPERANT CONDITIONING......Page 195
CASE STUDY......Page 212
DIVERSITY AND BEHAVIORISM......Page 216
SUMMARY......Page 219
TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING......Page 220
CONNECT WHAT YOU LEARNED TO OTHER CHAPTERS......Page 221
CASE STUDY......Page 222
CHAPTER 6 Cognitive Views of Learning......Page 224
WHAT IS THE COGNITIVE VIEW OF HOW WE LEARN?......Page 226
THE INFORMATION-PROCESSING MODEL......Page 228
CASE STUDY......Page 238
LONG-TERM MEMORY......Page 241
METACOGNITION......Page 246
DIVERSITY IN INFORMATION PROCESSING......Page 247
COGNITIVE PRINCIPLES FOR THE CLASSROOM......Page 250
SUMMARY......Page 261
TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING......Page 262
CONNECT WHAT YOU LEARNED TO OTHER CHAPTERS......Page 263
CASE STUDY......Page 264
CHAPTER 7 Complex Cognitive Processes......Page 266
WHAT ARE COMPLEX COGNITIVE PROCESSES?......Page 268
CONCEPT FORMATION......Page 270
WHAT IS THINKING?......Page 280
CASE STUDY......Page 286
PROBLEM SOLVING......Page 292
TRANSFER......Page 300
DIVERSITY IN COMPLEX COGNITIVE PROCESSES......Page 305
SUMMARY......Page 307
TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING......Page 308
CONNECT WHAT YOU LEARNEDTO OTHER CHAPTERS......Page 309
CASE STUDY......Page 310
CHAPTER 8 Sociocognitive and Constructivist Views of Learning......Page 312
WHAT IS THE SOCIOCOGNITIVE VIEW OF HOW WE LEARN?......Page 314
MODELING: A SOCIAL LEARNING TOOL......Page 319
SELF-REGULATION......Page 325
WHAT IS THE CONSTRUCTIVIST VIEW OF HOW WE LEARN?......Page 330
SOCIAL CONSTRUCTIVISM IN THE CLASSROOM......Page 335
CASE STUDY......Page 336
DIVERSITY IN SOCIAL LEARNING AND CONSTRUCTIVIST LEARNING......Page 348
SUMMARY......Page 352
TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING......Page 353
CONNECT WHAT YOU LEARNEDTO OTHER CHAPTERS......Page 354
CASE STUDY......Page 355
CHAPTER 9 Theories of Motivation and Affect......Page 358
WHAT DOES IT MEAN TO BE MOTIVATED TO LEARN?......Page 360
MOTIVATION THEORIES......Page 363
CASE STUDY......Page 382
AFFECT IN THE CLASSROOM......Page 384
DIVERSITY IN MOTIVATION AND AFFECT......Page 389
SUMMARY......Page 392
TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING......Page 394
CONNECT WHAT YOU LEARNED TO OTHER CHAPTERS......Page 395
CASE STUDY......Page 396
CHAPTER 10 Motivation and Affect in the Classroom......Page 398
MOTIVATION THEORIES IN PERSPECTIVE......Page 400
THE BASIS OF MOTIVATION: STUDENTS’ PSYCHOSOCIAL NEEDS......Page 401
THE CASE OF RESILIENCY......Page 426
CASE STUDY......Page 428
DIVERSITY IN CLASSROOM MOTIVATION AND AFFECT......Page 430
SUMMARY......Page 433
TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING......Page 434
CONNECT WHAT YOU LEARNED TO OTHER CHAPTERS......Page 435
CASE STUDY......Page 436
CHAPTER 11 Classroom Management: Creating a Successful Learning Environment......Page 438
WHAT IS CLASSROOM MANAGEMENT?......Page 440
WHAT SKILLS DO TEACHERS NEED TO CREATE SUCCESSFUL LEARNING ENVIRONMENTS?......Page 441
WHAT PRACTICAL ARRANGEMENTS AND PROCEDURES CREATE A POSITIVE LEARNING ENVIRONMENT?......Page 446
COLLABORATING WITH PARENTS AND OTHER TEACHERS......Page 451
INTERVENING WITH PROBLEM BEHAVIORS: COMMUNICATION AND STRATEGIES......Page 453
ADDRESSING SERIOUS ISSUES OF CLASSROOM MANAGEMENT: AGGRESSION AND VIOLENCE......Page 465
CASE STUDY......Page 466
DIVERSITY IN CLASSROOM MANAGEMENT......Page 472
SUMMARY......Page 474
TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING......Page 476
CONNECT WHAT YOU LEARNED TO OTHER CHAPTERS......Page 477
CASE STUDY......Page 478
CHAPTER 12 Assessment in the Classroom......Page 480
WHAT IS CLASSROOM ASSESSMENT?......Page 482
A CLASSIFICATION OF CLASSROOM ASSESSMENTS......Page 485
WHAT ARE THE CHARACTERISTICS OF EFFECTIVE ASSESSMENTS?......Page 487
TRADITIONAL ASSESSMENTS......Page 492
ALTERNATIVE ASSESSMENTS......Page 499
UNDERSTANDING THE ASSESSMENT CYCLE......Page 505
GRADING SYSTEMS......Page 512
CASE STUDY......Page 518
DIVERSITY IN ASSESSMENT......Page 520
SUMMARY......Page 522
KEY TERMS......Page 523
TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING......Page 524
CONNECT WHAT YOU LEARNED TO OTHER CHAPTERS......Page 525
CASE STUDY......Page 526
CHAPTER 13 Assessing Learning through Standardized Testing......Page 528
WHAT KINDS OF STANDARDIZED TESTS ARE THERE?......Page 530
HOW TO ASSESS THE QUALITYOF STANDARDIZED TESTS......Page 536
HOW TO INTERPRET STANDARDIZED TEST SCORES......Page 538
WHAT IS THE TEACHER’S ROLE IN STANDARDIZED TESTING?......Page 545
ISSUES IN STANDARDIZED TESTING......Page 550
CASE STUDY......Page 552
NEW DIRECTIONS IN STANDARDIZED TESTING......Page 557
DIVERSITY IN STANDARDIZED TESTING......Page 559
SUMMARY......Page 561
TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING......Page 562
CONNECT WHAT YOU LEARNED TO OTHER CHAPTERS......Page 563
CASE STUDY......Page 564
CHAPTER 14 An In-Depth Guide to Using Technology in the Classroom......Page 566
THE ROLE OF TECHNOLOGY IN THE CLASSROOM......Page 568
THE CHALLENGES OF TECHNOLOGY FOR THECLASSROOM TEACHER......Page 573
HOW DOES TECHNOLOGY RELATE TO LEARNING THEORY?......Page 579
TECHNOLOGY AND LEARNING ACROSS THE CURRICULUM......Page 591
TECHNOLOGY TOOLS FOR TEACHING......Page 595
CASE STUDY......Page 596
DIVERSITY AND TECHNOLOGY......Page 601
KEY TERMS......Page 605
TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING......Page 606
CONNECT WHAT YOU LEARNED TO OTHER CHAPTERS......Page 607
CASE STUDY......Page 608
Appendix......Page 610
Glossary......Page 618
References......Page 626
Name Index......Page 687
Subject Index......Page 705