Ecotextiles: The way forward for sustainable development in textiles

Ecotextiles: The way forward for sustainable development in textiles......Page 4
TABLE OF CONTENTS......Page 6
INTRODUCTION......Page 9
Part I: Recycling and use of waste as raw materials......Page 12
INTRODUCTION......Page 13
BRIEF HISTORY OF THE GREEN MOVEMENT IN THE CLOTHING INDUSTRY......Page 14
METHODOLOGY USED IN THE SURVEY......Page 15
THE SURVEY FINDINGS......Page 16
Clothing purchase decisions......Page 20
CONCLUSIONS......Page 21
REFERENCES......Page 23
INTRODUCTION......Page 25
Impact rig......Page 26
Standard test for impact sound insulation......Page 27
Impact rig......Page 28
Tensile strength and other textile tests......Page 30
Static loading......Page 31
REFERENCES......Page 34
INTRODUCTION......Page 36
SOLVENT EXTRACTION OF NYLON FROM CARPET......Page 37
GLASS FIBER-REINFORCED THERMOPLASTIC COMPOSITES [23,24]......Page 38
CARPET WASTE FIBER FOR CONCRETE AND SOIL REINFORCEMENT......Page 39
REFERENCES......Page 40
Why are companies in this market struggling in the UK?......Page 43
Closed Loop recycling......Page 44
How can companies develop and grow in this area?......Page 45
Innovative products......Page 46
CONCLUSION......Page 47
Part II: Sustainability and ecodesign......Page 48
INTRODUCTION......Page 49
Definitions and descriptions of ecodesign......Page 51
TEXTILE & CLOTHING SUPPLY CHAIN AND THE ENVIRONMENT......Page 52
Increasing environmental awareness......Page 53
ECODESIGN IN THE TEXTILE AND CLOTHING SECTOR......Page 54
REFERENCES......Page 55
INTRODUCTION......Page 58
Azo dye legislation......Page 59
Environmental Management Systems (EMS)......Page 60
Green Consumers......Page 61
Very Dark Greens......Page 62
What is the role of the dyestuff supplier in “Greening the Textile Supply Chain”?......Page 63
Controlled coloration......Page 64
REFERENCES......Page 65
BACKGROUND......Page 67
MOLECULAR MANUFACTURING......Page 68
STATE OF THE ART......Page 72
TIMEFRAME......Page 76
IMPLICATIONS FOR TEXTILES......Page 77
Smart materials and nanotechnology......Page 78
REFERENCES......Page 80
Hemp and Flax......Page 83
NATURAL FIBRES......Page 84
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES......Page 85
STRUCTURE AND APPEARANCE......Page 86
DEVELOPMENT IN STANDARDISED FILTER TESTING......Page 88
COMPARISON OF SPOOL WOUND CARTRIDGE FILTERS......Page 89
REFERENCES......Page 97
INTRODUCTION......Page 99
PROPERTIES OF PLA......Page 100
REFERENCES......Page 102
CLEANER PRODUCTION IN COTTON GROWING......Page 104
Cleaner Cotton Production Unit......Page 105
Cleaner Production results......Page 106
Clothing & Textile Environmental Linkage Centre......Page 107
ECOLABELLING & ORGANIC PRODUCTS......Page 108
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS......Page 109
REMOVING TRADE BARRIERS......Page 110
IMPROVING THE KNOWLEDGE AND AWARENESS OF RETAILERS, DESIGNERS AND BUYERS......Page 111
ENVIRONMENTAL LEGISLATION AND ENFORCEMENT......Page 112
ONGOING INFORMATION AND SUPPORT FOR ENVIRONMENTAL IMPROVEMENTS IN THE SOUTH AFRICAN CLOTHING & TEXTILE PIPELINE......Page 113
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS......Page 114
Part III: Sustainable development and renewables......Page 115
INTRODUCTION......Page 116
Natural fibres......Page 117
Solvent-spun cellulosic fibres—Lyocell......Page 120
Poly(lactic acid) fibre......Page 122
TECHNICAL APPLICATIONS OF NATURAL FIBRES......Page 123
Lyocell in nonwovens applications......Page 125
Resins and matrices......Page 126
Nonwoven textile-type Composites......Page 128
Development of renewable resources based material for automotive interior applications- Green Materials project......Page 129
Wettability and adhesion......Page 130
CONCLUDING REMARKS......Page 132
REFERENCES......Page 133
MATERIALS AND METHODS......Page 135
The 100% kenaf......Page 136
The 50/50 kenaf combined with other fibers......Page 137
Mechanical testing......Page 138
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION......Page 139
CONCLUSION......Page 141
REFERENCES......Page 142
TABLE OF CONTENTS......Page 0
INTRODUCTION......Page 143
Materials......Page 144
Test methods......Page 145
Tensile tests......Page 146
Flexural test......Page 147
Statistical analysis......Page 148
CONCLUSIONS......Page 149
REFERENCES......Page 150
THE UK TECHNICAL TEXTILES SECTOR......Page 152
FARADAY PARTNERSHIPS......Page 153
SUSTAINABILITY ISSUES AFFECTING THE SECTOR......Page 156
REFERENCES......Page 157
Part IV: Waste management......Page 158
INTRODUCTION......Page 159
EXPERIMENTAL......Page 160
Chemisolv and Strines sludge......Page 161
Chemisolv and Ringley Fold Sludge......Page 164
Chemisolv in the sludge floc......Page 167
REFERENCES......Page 168
INTRODUCTION......Page 169
DESIZING WASTEWATER CHARACTERISTICS......Page 170
Full Scale Implementation......Page 171
CONCLUSIONS......Page 172
REFERENCES......Page 173
Project overview......Page 174
INTRODUCTION......Page 176
THE COSTS OF TREATMENT......Page 177
TRIAL EQUIPMENT......Page 178
TREATMENT......Page 179
RESULTS FROM THE PROJECT TO DATE......Page 180
Reduction of COD during trials—measured across the anaerobic reactors......Page 181
Reduction of grease during trials—measured across the anaerobic reactors......Page 182
Reduction of solids during trials—measured across the anaerobic reactors......Page 183
Gas production and purity......Page 184
CONCLUSIONS FROM THE TRIALS......Page 185
THE POTENTIAL FUTURE......Page 186
MEDICINAL PROPERTIES OF DYE PLANTS......Page 188
Dyeing and mordanting of test samples......Page 190
UV absorbance of dyes in solution......Page 191
UPF values of cotton dyed with Natural Dyes......Page 192
Determination of antimicrobial activity of natural dyes on cotton fabric......Page 194
REFERENCES......Page 195
Part V: Novel technologies......Page 198
Foam systems......Page 199
EXPERIMENTAL......Page 200
RESULTS......Page 201
Tear strength......Page 202
CONCLUSION......Page 203
Hatha yoga......Page 204
Regulations......Page 205
Worldwide production......Page 206
MATERIALS & METHODS......Page 207
RESULTS......Page 208
DISCUSSION......Page 210
FUTURE WORK......Page 211
REFERENCES......Page 212
DEVORE......Page 214
Rub-out......Page 215
Printing......Page 216
Personal ethics......Page 217
Product......Page 218
CONCLUSION......Page 219
Preparation of treated fabrics......Page 220
Determination of crease recovery angle......Page 221
Fixation of sericin on fabric surface......Page 222
Content of sericin on fabric surface......Page 223
Crease recovery properties......Page 224
REFERENCES......Page 225