Ecosystems of British Columbia

Cover
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
AUTHORS AND AFFILIATIONS
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Chapter 1: Introduction
	INTRODUCTION
	A BRIEF HISTORY OF ECOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION INBRITISH COLUMBIA
	LITERATURE CITED
Chapter 2: Concepts
	BIOGEOCLIMATIC ECOSYSTEM CLASSIFICATION
	ECOREGION CLASSIFICATION9
	LITERATURE CITED
Chapter 3: British Columbia: The Environmental Setting
	INTRODUCTION
	PHYSIOGRAPHY
	CLIMATE
	SOIL
	TERRESTRIAL VEGETATION
	WILDLIFE
	BIOGEOCLIMATIC ZONES
	ZONE DESCRIPTIONS
	LITERATURE CITED
Chapter 4: Resource Values
	INTRODUCTION
	AGRICULTURE
	FORESTRY
	FORESTS AND COMMUNITY WATERSHEDS
	RANGE
	RECREATION
	WILDLIFE
	LITERATURE CITED
Chapter 5: Coastal Douglas-fir Zone
	LOCATION AND DISTRIBUTION
	ECOLOGICAL CONDITIONS
	NOTES ON CLASSIFICATION
	SOME REPRESENTATIVE SITE ASSOCIATIONS
	WILDLIFE HABITATS
	RESOURCE VALUES
	LITERATURE CITED
Chapter 6: Coastal Western Hemlock Zone
	LOCATION AND DISTRIBUTION
	ECOLOGICAL CONDITIONS
	NOTES ON CLASSIFICATION
	SUBZONES
	SOME REPRESENTATIVE SITE ASSOCIATIONS
	WILDLIFE HABITATS
	RESOURCE VALUES
	LITERATURE CITED
Chapter 7: Mountain Hemlock Zone
	LOCATION AND DISTRIBUTION
	ECOLOGICAL CONDITIONS
	SUBZONES
	SOME REPRESENTATIVE SITE ASSOCIATIONS
	WILDLIFE HABITATS
	RESOURCE VALUES
	LITERATURE CITED
Chapter 8: Bunchgrass Zone
	LOCATION AND DISTRIBUTION
	ECOLOGICAL CONDITIONS
	NOTES ON CLASSIFICATION
	SUBZONES
	SOME REPRESENTATIVE SITE ASSOCIATIONS
	WILDLIFE HABITATS
	RESOURCE USES
	LITERATURE CITED
Chapter 9: Ponderosa Pine Zone
	LOCATION AND DISTRIBUTION
	ECOLOGICAL CONDITIONS
	NOTES ON CLASSIFICATION
	SUBZONES
	SOME REPRESENTATIVE SITE ASSOCIATIONS
	WILDLIFE HABITATS
	RESOURCE VALUES
	LITERATURE CITED
Chapter 10: Interior Douglas-fir Zone
	LOCATION AND DISTRIBUTION
	ECOLOGICAL CONDITIONS
	NOTES ON CLASSIFICATION
	SUBZONES
	SOME REPRESENTATIVE SITE ASSOCIATIONS
	WILDLIFE HABITATS
	RESOURCE VALUES
	LITERATURE CITED
Chapter 11: Interior Cedar — Hemlock Zone
	LOCATION AND DISTRIBUTION
	ECOLOGICAL CONDITIONS
	NOTES ON CLASSIFICATION
	SUBZONES
	SOME REPRESENTATIVE SITE ASSOCIATIONS
	WILDLIFE HABITATS
	RESOURCE VALUES
	LITERATURE CITED
Chapter 12: Montane Spruce Zone
	LOCATION AND DISTRIBUTION
	ECOLOGICAL CONDITIONS
	NOTES ON CLASSIFICATION
	SUBZONES
	SOME REPRESENTATIVE SITE ASSOCIATIONS
	WILDLIFE HABITATS
	RESOURCE VALUES
	LITERATURE CITED
Chapter 13: Sub-Boreal Pine — Spruce Zone
	LOCATION AND DISTRIBUTION
	ECOLOGICAL CONDITIONS
	NOTES ON CLASSIFICATION
	SUBZONES
	SOME REPRESENTATIVE SITE ASSOCIATIONS
	WILDLIFE HABITATS
	RESOURCE VALUES
	LITERATURE CITED
Chapter 14: Sub-Boreal Spruce Zone
	LOCATION AND DISTRIBUTION
	ECOLOGICAL CONDITIONS
	NOTES ON CLASSIFICATION
	SUBZONES
	SOME REPRESENTATIVE SITE ASSOCIATIONS
	WILDLIFE HABITATS
	RESOURCE VALUES
	LITERATURE CITED
Chapter 15: Engelmann Spruce — Subalpine Fir Zone
	LOCATION AND DISTRIBUTION
	ECOLOGICAL CONDITIONS
	SUBZONES
	WILDLIFE HABITATS
	RESOURCE VALUES
	LITERATURE CITED
Chapter 16: Boreal White and Black Spruce Zone
	LOCATION AND DISTRIBUTION
	ECOLOGICAL CONDITIONS
	SUBZONES
	SOME REPRESENTATIVE SITE ASSOCIATIONS
	WILDLIFE HABITATS
	RESOURCE VALUES
	LITERATURE CITED
Chapter 17: Spruce — Willow — Birch Zone
	LOCATION AND DISTRIBUTION
	ECOLOGICAL CONDITIONS
	SUBZONES
	SOME REPRESENTATIVE SITE ASSOCIATIONS
	WILDLIFE HABITATS
	RESOURCE VALUES
	LITERATURE CITED
Chapter 18: Alpine Tundra Zone
	LOCATION AND DISTRIBUTION
	ECOLOGICAL CONDITIONS
	SUBZONES
	SOME REPRESENTATIVE SITE ASSOCIATIONS
	WILDLIFE HABITATS
	RESOURCE VALUES
	LITERATURE CITED
Chapter 19: Non-tidal Wetlands
	INTRODUCTION
	SHALLOW OPEN WATERS
	MARSH
	FEN
	SWAMP
	BOG
	LITERATURE CITED
Appendices
	APPENDIX 1: Preliminary list of site associations in British Columbia1
	APPENDIX 2. List of plant species
GENERAL REFERENCES
	SELECTED REFERENCES: ALPINE TUNDRA ZONE
	SELECTED REFERENCES: BOREAL WHITE AND BLACK SPRUCE ZONE
	SELECTED REFERENCES: BUNCHGRASS ZONE
	SELECTED REFERENCES: COASTAL DOUGLAS-FIR ZONE
	SELECTED REFERENCES: COASTAL WESTERN HEMLOCK ZONE
	SELECTED REFERENCES: ENGELMANN SPRUCE — SUBALPINE FIR ZONE
	SELECTED REFERENCES: INTERIOR CEDAR — HEMLOCK ZONE
	SELECTED REFERENCES: INTERIOR DOUGLAS-FIR ZONE
	SELECTED REFERENCES: MONTANE SPRUCE ZONE
	SELECTED REFERENCES: MOUNTAIN HEMLOCK ZONE
	SELECTED REFERENCES: PONDEROSA PINE
	SELECTED REFERENCES: SPRUCE — WILLOW — BIRCH ZONE
	SELECTED REFERENCES: SUB-BOREAL PINE — SPRUCE ZONE
	SELECTED REFERENCES: SUB-BOREAL SPRUCE ZONE
	SELECTED REFERENCES: NON-TIDAL WETLANDS