Economics in Urban Conservation

Cover......Page 1
Frontmatter......Page 2
Contents......Page 6
List of diagrams, tables and plans......Page 12
Preface......Page 14
Acknowledgements......Page 16
Introduction......Page 18
Part I - Planning and management in the conservation of the urban system......Page 24
Summary......Page 26
1.1 A concept of the urban system......Page 28
1.2 Interaction between people's activities and the physical stock......Page 30
1.3 The urban system as a resource......Page 33
1.4 Categorisation of urban resources......Page 34
1.5 Life cycle of urban resources......Page 36
1.6 Obsolescence, renewal and conservation in the life cycle of the built environment......Page 37
1.7 Why develop or conserve urban resources?......Page 46
1.8 Logic of conservation in the various categories of urban resources......Page 47
2.1 From resource to property and commodity......Page 52
2.2 What is management?......Page 55
2.3 What is urban management?......Page 56
2.4 Management for urban conservation......Page 60
2.5 The process of planning and management for change......Page 62
3.1 Role of planning in the evolution of the urban and regional system......Page 67
3.2 Role of conservation in urban planning......Page 69
3.3 Role of planning in deferring obsolescence......Page 71
3.4 Role of planning in urban conservation......Page 72
Part II - Conservation of the cultural built heritage......Page 76
Summary......Page 78
4.1 Man's heritage......Page 80
4.2 Proprietary rights in the heritage......Page 81
4.3 The general and cultural heritage......Page 82
4.4 The cultural built heritage......Page 83
4.5 The CBH as property and commodity......Page 84
4.6 Why conserve the cultural built heritage?......Page 85
4.7 Conservation of the cultural built heritage as a special case of renewal......Page 86
4.8 Property management for the conservation of the CBH......Page 88
Appendix 4.1 A description of the cultural and natural heritage......Page 90
Appendix4.2 Adescriptionof mo veable cultural property......Page 92
5.1 The issue......Page 94
5.2 Content of inventory or list......Page 95
5.3 Machinery for protection of list or inventory......Page 100
5.4 The effects of listing......Page 102
5.5 Securing permission to alter or demolish objects on the list......Page 105
6.2 Role of the CBH in urban planning......Page 108
6.3 Role of the cultural heritage in urban planning......Page 112
6.4 Plan making in the conservation of the CBH......Page 113
6.5 Plan implementation in the conservation of the CBH......Page 116
6.6 The conservation programme......Page 119
6.7 Project implementation in the conservation of the CBH......Page 120
6.8 Project execution......Page 121
6.9 Some planning and management questions in the conservation of the CBH......Page 122
Part III - Economics in urban conservation......Page 128
Introduction......Page 130
Summary......Page 131
7.1 Conservation in economic life......Page 134
7.2 Economics of proprietary interests in conservation......Page 137
7.3 Economics in management for urban conservation......Page 139
7.4 Economics decisions in the life cycle of the built environment......Page 141
7.5 Application of the model......Page 144
7.6 The implications of borrowing money......Page 154
7.7 Taking account of the future......Page 155
7.8 Land use and value in the life cycle of the built environment......Page 157
7.9 Life of property......Page 158
7.10 Effect of planning control......Page 160
8.1 The CBH as a resource......Page 162
8.3 Economics in the life cycle of the CBH......Page 163
8.4 Land use and land value in the life cycle of the CBH......Page 167
9.1 The similarity and distinction of purpose in economics and planning......Page 169
9.2 Planning and the market......Page 170
9.3 Role of economist in urban and regional planning......Page 172
9.4 Some economic principles in plan making for conservation of the CBH......Page 174
9.5 Economic feasibility of plans for conservation of the CBH......Page 176
9.7 Economics in the CBH conservation programme......Page 178
9.8 Priorities in the conservation programme of CBH......Page 180
9.9 Economics in project implementation......Page 182
10.2 What is value?......Page 184
10.3 What is being valued in the CBH?......Page 185
10.4 By whom is the valuation being made?......Page 187
10.5 Market value and the CBH......Page 192
10.6 Approaches to valuing the CBH......Page 193
10.7 Approaches to grading heritage quality in preparing the inventory/list......Page 194
10.8 Role of economics in cultural valuation......Page 198
10.9 Opportunity cost and the CBH......Page 199
10.10 How can economics help in the social decision on conservation?......Page 205
10.11 The valuation in its decision context......Page 207
11.2 Nature and purpose of the list......Page 209
11.3 Screening the inventory......Page 211
11.4 Economic criteria for development affecting heritage quality......Page 213
12.1 The issue......Page 218
12.2 How to assess the true costs and benefits?......Page 219
12.3 Who benefits and who loses?......Page 220
12.4 The sectoral distribution of the costs and benefits......Page 222
12.5 Who should pay the cost?......Page 224
12.6 How much should be paid? -- pricing for conservation......Page 229
12.7 Conservation and tourism......Page 230
Part IV - Selected tools of economic analysis for project evaluation......Page 233
Introduction......Page 235
13.2 An illustration of financial analysis......Page 243
13.3 Social financial analysis......Page 251
13.4 Illustration of social financial analysis......Page 253
14.1 Context......Page 255
14.3 Method and technique of SCBA......Page 256
14.4 The social rate of discount......Page 260
15.1 Context......Page 264
15.2 Evolution of the method of PBSA/CIA......Page 265
15.3 Some features of CIE......Page 266
15.4 Concepts of efficiency, equity and trade off in community impact evaluation......Page 267
15.5 The method of CIE......Page 270
15.6 The method applied......Page 271
Appendix 15.1 Selected published examples of planning balance sheet/community impact studies......Page 295
Part V - Case studies in the economics of conservation of the CBH......Page 300
Summary......Page 302
16.1 Case study 1: Viability for occupation......Page 304
16.2 Case study 2: The Royal Holloway Sanatorium, Virginia Water, Surrey......Page 306
16.3 Case study 3: The Old Sha'arey Tsedek Hospital, Jerusalem......Page 315
16.4 Case study 4: Covent Garden, London: redevelopment or conservation over an area......Page 318
16.5 Conclusion for all cases......Page 329
Appendix 16.1 Criteria for listed building consent......Page 330
Notes......Page 332
Bibliography......Page 347
Index......Page 369