Economic Keystones: The Weight System of the Kingdom of Judah (JSOT Supplement Series)

Economic Keystones: The Weight System of the Kingdom of Judah......Page 4
Contents......Page 6
List of Figures......Page 8
Acknowledgments......Page 10
Abbreviations......Page 12
Introduction......Page 14
1.1.1. The Phase and its Character......Page 16
1.1.2. Comparable Metrology......Page 18
1.2.1. The Definition of the Phase and its Character......Page 20
1.2.2. The Collapse of Comparable Metrology......Page 21
1.2.3. Flinders Petrie and Mathematical Metrology......Page 22
1.2.4. The Catalogue ofWeigall......Page 24
1.3. Lachish: A Transitional Phase (1939-58)......Page 25
1.4.1. The Phase and its Character......Page 26
1.4.2. Heavy JILs and the Problem of the Sign ᴽ......Page 27
1.4.3. Understanding the Hieratic Numerals of the ᴽ Series......Page 28
1.4.4. Developments in the Other Series......Page 29
1.4.5. Date, Distribution and Historical Significance......Page 30
1.4.6. Scott and the 'Many Standards' Method......Page 31
1.4.7. Criticism of Scott's Explanation of the Gerah Series......Page 32
1.4.8. The Weights from Jerusalem (Scott 1965, 1985)......Page 33
1.4.9. Other Studies by Scott and a Summary......Page 35
1.5.1. The Phase and its Character......Page 36
1.5.2. Ben-David and the Continuation of the 'Many Standards' Method......Page 38
1.5.3. Eran and the Extreme Many Standards Metrology......Page 39
1.5.4. Other Studies and a Summary......Page 41
2.1. Postexilic Dating......Page 43
2.2. Dating to the Seventh Century BCE (700-586)......Page 44
2.3. Dating to the Eighth Century BCE......Page 45
2.4. The Other Weights......Page 47
2.5. Conclusion......Page 48
3.2. Inner Hierarchy in Judah (Figs. 4, 6-7)......Page 50
3.3. The 'Heartland ofJudah' and the JILs outside Judah......Page 57
4.1. The Material (Fig. 8)......Page 60
4.2. The Form......Page 61
4.3. Implications of Material and Shape......Page 62
4.4. Typology of the Inscriptions......Page 63
5.1. The 'One-Standard Method'......Page 71
5.2. The Metrological Data (Fig. 10)......Page 76
5.3. The Metrology of the ᴽ Series......Page 78
5.4. The Metrology of the Nsf, Pym and Beqaˁ Series......Page 79
5.5. The Metrology of the Gerah Series (Fig. 11)......Page 81
6.1. Contextual Data (Fig. 15)......Page 86
6.2. Discussion of the Contexts......Page 89
6.3. Other Aspects of Context......Page 91
7.1. General Metrology of the Old Testament......Page 94
7.2. Units of Weight in the Old Testament (Fig. 17)......Page 98
7.3. Weight Systems in the Old Testament......Page 101
7.4. The JILs and the Old Testament Weight Systems......Page 104
8.1. General Introduction......Page 109
8.3. Writing of Numerals on the Ostraca......Page 110
8.4. The Ostraca from Kadesh Barnea and Mesad Hashavyahu......Page 112
8.5. Summary: the Ostraca and the JILs......Page 118
9.1. The JILs and the Egyptian Weight System......Page 119
9.2. The JILs and Other Weight System......Page 123
10.1. Royal Weights in the Ancient Near East......Page 129
10.2. Are the JILs Royal Weights?......Page 130
11.1. Introduction......Page 133
11.2. The Judaean Uninscribed Limestone Weights......Page 134
11.3. The Problem of Chronology: The Chicken and the Egg......Page 136
12.1. Summary of Former Chapters......Page 139
12.2. Further Implications......Page 144
12.3. Conclusions: The JILs and the Economy of Judah......Page 149
Structure and Technical notes......Page 151
ᴽ 1 Weights......Page 152
ᴽ 2 Weights......Page 160
ᴽ 4 Weights......Page 168
ᴽ 8 Weights......Page 179
ᴽ 12-40 Weights......Page 187
NSF Weights......Page 190
PYM Weights......Page 202
Beqaˁ Weights......Page 212
Gerah Weights......Page 218
ᴽ 1 Weights......Page 234
ᴽ 2 Weights......Page 235
ᴽ 4 Weights......Page 237
ᴽ 8 Weights......Page 238
ᴽ 12-40 Weights......Page 240
Nsf Weights......Page 241
Pym Weights......Page 243
Beqaˁ Weights......Page 244
Gerah Weights......Page 245
Notes on Further JILs......Page 247
Appendix 3. JUDAEAN INSCRIBED WEIGHTS (ARRANGED BY SITE)......Page 248
Appendix 4. THE JUDAEAN UNINSCRIBED WEIGHTS......Page 254
Bibliography......Page 266
Index of References......Page 292
D......Page 294
L......Page 295
S......Page 296
Z......Page 297
G......Page 298
R......Page 299
Z......Page 300
Back Matter......Page 301