EcoMechatronics: Challenges for Evolution, Development and Sustainability

Foreword
Contents
Editors and Contributors
EcoMechatronics: Concepts, Objectives and Outcomes
	Introduction
	Synergy of Digital, Sustainable and Agile Transformations for EcoMechatronics
		The EcoMechatronics-Paradigm
	Goals, Structure and Content of the Book
	References
Methods + Technologies
Re-envisioning Innovation for Sustainability
	Introduction
		What is Sustainability?
		Nature, Inspiration and Learning
		Sustainability Assessment and Life Cycle
		EcoMechatronics
	Braking System—An EcoMechatronic Case Study
	Conclusions
	References
Mechatronic Applications in Respect of Sustainability and Climate Change
	Introduction
	The Technology of Sustainability
		Connectivity Web
	EcoMechatronics—Technology of Climate Change
		Power Generation
		Advanced Electronics and Battery Chemistry
	Green Power
	The Global Population Needs Access to Verified Data
	The Strategy of Mitigating Blocking—How EcoMechatronics Can Affect Political and Civil Change
	The Mechatronics of Food Supply
	The Mechatronics of General Transportation and Batteries—Transportation Contributes an Estimated 32% to CO2 Emissions: Technology Can Stop Most of This
		Global Impact on the Local—EcoMechatronics Helps Identify the Cause and Effect of the Climate Feedback Loops, Tipping Points and Other Complex Relationships
		Applying Advanced Sensors—Rapid Development in Sensor Technology Across All Domains of EcoMechatronics Delivers Solutions
		The Effect of the Foregoing Paths on Sustainability and Resilience—The Conferences of COP, Paris Accord, the Noble Prize Group and Stockholm Institute Indicates that Even if Governments Are Not Moving Fast Enough, Others Are! [8, 28]
	Conclusions
	References
EcoMechatronics and Bioinspired Design Ecology, Circular Economy, and Sustainability
	Introduction
	Bioinspiration: Biomimicry, Circular Economy, and Sustainability
		Bioinspiration
		Biomimicry: Ecosystem and Circular Economy
	Biomimetic Design and Sustainability
	Biomimicry: Ecology, Circular Economy, and Sustainability
	Engineering Design Methodologies
	Bioinspired Deseign Methodologies
	Need for Effective Bioinspired Design and Tools
	Conclusions
	References
A Holistic and Sustainable View on the Product Creation Process for Mechatronic Systems
	Introduction
	Background
	Viewpoints on Methodological Approaches for Mechatronics
	Applications
	Conclusions
	References
Applied Sensor Technologies
	Introduction
	Sensor Technologies
		Electromyography (EMG) Sensors
		Inertial Measurement Units (IMUs)
		Force Sensors
		Vision Sensors
	Analytical Methods
		Heuristic Methods
		Machine Learning Methods
		Deep Learning Methods
	Case Studies
		Wearable Assistive Robots for Locomotion Activities
		Recognition of Walking Activities and Assistance
	Future Directions in Research and Sensor Technologies
	Conclusions
	References
MBSE for Mechatronic Systems Design with Human, Energetic, Cyber, and Physical Aspects
	Introduction
		New Conceptual Framework for Mechatronic Systems
		MBSE as a Support to EcoMechatronics
	A Layered System Model for the Insulin Pump
	Specification Matrix for EcoMechatronics Design
		Conclusions, Future Work
	References
Concurrent Multi-domain Modelling and Simulation for Energy-Efficient Mechatronic Systems
	Introduction
		Performance-Based Versus Sustainability-Based Design
		The Design and Development of Sustainable Mechatronic Systems
		The Concurrent Multi-domain Modelling and Simulation for Mechatronic System Development
		Case Study: Hangar Sliding Door System
		Discussion
	Conclusions
	References
Artificial Intelligence, Ethics and Privacy
	Introduction
	Artificial Intelligence
	Ethics and Ethical Issues
	Privacy and Privacy Issues
	The Role of Big Data
	Exemplars
		Algorithmic Discrimination
		Business Models
		Health Care
		Military Systems
		Vehicle Systems
	Conclusions
	References
Applications
Mechatronic Applications in Rail Systems and Technologies
	Introduction
	Industry Vision
	Embedding Mechatronics in Transport
		Military Aerospace
		Automotive Systems
		Rail
	The Rail Vehicle ‘Opportunity Space’
		Power and Propulsion
		Active Suspension Systems
		Braking Systems
		More or All Electric Trains
	Rail Mechatronics
		Fully Integrated Vehicle
		Systems Perspective: What Can We Achieve with Control?
	Examples of ‘Enabling Technology’ Projects
		Vehicle Mechatronics
		Infrastructure Mechatronics
		Systems Mechatronics
	Conclusions
	References
Sustainable Mechatronic Solution for Agricultural Precision Farming Inspired by Space Robotics Technologies
	Introduction
	Mechatronic Approach With a Focus on Energy Consumption of The Systems
		Design Methodology
	Energy Focused Mechatronic Modelling
		AgriRover Design as an Example
	Perception of Agricultural Environment Through Vision
	An Energy Efficient Path Planning for a Field Trial
		Dynamic Energy Modelling and Simulation
		Field Tests
		Comparison of Simulation and Field Test Results
	Future EcoMechatronic Development
		AgriRover Enabled New Energy Efficient and Sustainable Approach to Food Production
		An Energy Optimization Method in Path Planning for Multiple Robots
	Conclusions
	References
The Achievement of Sustainability in the Built Environment
	Introduction
	Technologies
	Antonio Brancati School
		Construction and Environmental Issues
	Smart Building Technologies
	Heating, Lighting and Ventilation
		Lighting
		Ventilation
	Green Solution Awards
	Issues and Concerns
		Future Trajectories
		Smart Cities and Big Data
		People
	Conclusions
	References
Eco-Design of Mechatronic Hydropower Device in River
	Introduction
	Cycloidal Turbine with Optimal Blade Pitch Control
	Hydraulic Transmission System
	Mechatronic Control System
	Conclusion and Future Work
	References
Micro/Nanopositioning Systems with Piezoelectric Actuators and Their Role in Sustainability and Ecosystems
	Introduction
		Role of Piezo-Actuated Micro/Nanopositioning Systems in Biodiversity Protection and Sustainable Manufacturing
		Different Types of Piezoelectric Actuators in Micro/Nanopositioners
		Different Types of Sensors Used in Micro/Nanopositioners
		Control System of Micro/Nanopositioners
	Conclusions
	References
Eco Motion Planning for Mechatronic Systems
	Introduction
	Literature Review
	A Paradigmatic Test Case: A Robotic Cell
	Energy Optimization
		Linear Unit
		SCARA Robot
		Analysis of the Cell
		Analysis of the Robot Joint Motion
	Conclusion
	References
Minimization of CO2-Footprint of Hybrid Propulsion Systems for Mobility and Power-Tool Applications
	Introduction
	Mechatronic Powertrain
		Hybrid Powertrain Concepts
	Development Process
		Research and Concept Development Phase
		Pre-development
		Product Development
	Development Framework
		Production Technology and Material Matrix
		Computer-Aided Design Software
		Longitudinal Vehicle Dynamics Simulation LDS
	Examples
		Concept and Layout of a Hybrid Propulsion for Power Sport Vehicles
		Concept and Layout of a Hybrid Propulsion for Hand-Held Power Tool
	Summary
	References
Education
Developing Education in Mechatronics to Support the Challenges for Evolution, Development, and Sustainability
	Introduction
		Background
		Learn from Yesterday—Live for Today
	Background
		A Brief Reflection on Mechatronics History
		A Brief Reflection of Historic Mechatronics Founders
		A Brief Reflection of Mechatronics Education History
	Key Competencies Required to Approach the Challenges of the Future
		Looking Back: Tool Integration, Systems Modeling, and Communication
		A Current Study on Mechatronics Product Development
		5 People or 1000 People? Small Project or Large Project?
	Shaping Education
		Embedded Systems and Systems Engineering
		International Council of Systems Engineering, INCOSE
		ITRL—Moving System Boundaries
	Proposing a Way Forward
		Bachelor’s Degree Level
		Master’s Degree Level
		Life-Long Learning
	Conclusions
	References
Education and Simulation for Electric and Mechatronic Systems in Renewable Energy
	Introduction
	Overview of Applications
	Educational Methods
		Textbook
		Numerical Examples
		Animation
		Design Tool
		Simulation and Animation
		Virtual Prototype
		Laboratory Assignment
		Remote Laboratory
		Verify Laboratory Results with Simulation Results
	Modeling Domains
	Mathematics of Modeling
		Block Diagram
		Circuit Model
		Finite Elements
		Thermal Mathematics Example
	Modeling Detail
		First Grade Courses
		Detailed Simulation
		Control Design
	Example Simulation
		Drive Cycle
		Electric Vehicle Simulation
	Worked-Out Example
		Companion Website
	Conclusions
	References
Robot-Assisted Teaching—The Future of Education?
	Introduction
	Part I—Kristina Kerwin
		The Researcher’s View
		The Theory of Learning
	Vygotsky’s Cultural-Historical Theory
	Case Study—The Efficacy of Teaching STEM Subjects to Primary School Age Students Using LEGO Robots
		Design of Experiment
		Results
	Level of Surface and Deep Learning Data Analysis
		Conclusion—The Researcher’s View
	Part II—Robert Rayner
		The Educator’s View
		Reactions to Robots
	Robot Design—Creating Immersion and Relatability
		Conclusion—The Educator’s View
	Part III—Nick Valentine
		A Learner’s Perspective
	References
Conclusion
EcoMechatronics Enabling Technologies, and Future Prospects
	Introduction
	EcoMechatronics Development and Enabling Technologies
	EcoMechatronics: Issues and Future Prospects