Ecology and Behavior of Chickadees and Titmice: An Integrated Approach

Contents......Page 16
Preface......Page 6
Acknowledgements......Page 14
List of contributors......Page 24
1 Introduction to the North American Paridae......Page 26
Section I: Proximate mechanisms in behavior and evolution......Page 32
2.2 Food storing in the Paridae......Page 34
2.3 The hippocampus......Page 39
2.4 Summary and conclusions......Page 45
3.2 Inter- and intraspecific differences in caching, spatial memory, and the hippocampus......Page 50
3.3 Unpredictable food, corticosterone, spatial memory, and the hippocampus......Page 54
3.4 Corticosterone, food caching, spatial memory, and the hippocampus......Page 57
3.5 Dominance, corticosterone, spatial memory, and the hippocampus......Page 60
3.6 Conclusions......Page 63
4.1 Introduction......Page 68
4.2 Annual cycle of black-capped chickadees......Page 70
4.3 Photoperiodism and reproduction in black-capped chickadees......Page 71
4.4 Seasonal changes in song and the song-control system......Page 73
4.5 Seasonal changes in food storing and the hippocampus......Page 74
4.6 Future directions......Page 76
5.1 Introduction......Page 80
5.2 The history of research on reproductive timing: Lack 1966......Page 81
5.3 Causes of fine-scale variation in timing among individuals......Page 82
5.4 Effects of fine-scale variation in timing......Page 85
5.5 Consequences of long-term climatic variation on reproductive timing......Page 88
5.6 Reproductive timing in males......Page 90
5.7 Conclusions......Page 91
Synopsis I: Proximate mechanisms in behavior and evolution......Page 96
Section II: Reproductive ecology, evolution, and behavior......Page 100
6.1 Introduction......Page 102
6.2 Chestnut-backed chickadees......Page 103
6.3 Patterns of contemporary population structure......Page 104
6.4 Factors influencing population genetics of Parids......Page 113
6.5 Conclusions and perspectives......Page 115
7.1 Introduction......Page 120
7.2 Background and methods......Page 121
7.3 Results......Page 123
7.4 Discussion......Page 128
7.5 Hybridization throughout the Paridae......Page 130
7.6 Future directions......Page 132
8.1 Introduction......Page 136
8.2 Study area and habitat change......Page 141
8.3 Data analysis......Page 142
9.1 Introduction......Page 156
9.2 General methods......Page 157
9.3 Correlates of social rank......Page 158
9.4 Hierarchy formation and maintenance......Page 162
9.5 Variation in rank acquisition......Page 164
9.6 Rank, survival, and lifetime reproductive success......Page 165
9.7 Future research......Page 168
Synopsis II: Parid reproductive behavior......Page 172
Section III: Vocal communication......Page 176
10.2 Song production and perception......Page 178
10.3 Call production and perception......Page 184
10.4 Summary and future directions......Page 189
11.1 Introduction......Page 192
11.2 The gargle......Page 193
11.3 Features of the call and population patterns......Page 196
11.4 Contexts of use of the call......Page 199
11.6 Aviary experiments on gargle changes......Page 200
11.8 Combined analysis of interactive playback tests......Page 202
11.9 Synthesis of theory and empirical results......Page 203
12.1 Introduction......Page 208
12.2 Description of model and hypothesis......Page 209
12.3 Description of study system......Page 210
12.4 Acoustic variation before and after the bottleneck......Page 212
12.5 Comparison of acoustic variation in Fort Collins 2004 and Islands North......Page 215
12.8 Synthesis of empirical results......Page 216
12.9 On the origin and maintenance of acoustic variation in birdsong......Page 219
13.1 Introduction......Page 224
13.2 \"Information\" and the chick-a-dee call......Page 225
13.3 Conclusions, concessions, and a call for comparative work......Page 234
14.2 The fee-bee song: Variation on a two-note theme......Page 240
14.3 Context of singing in chickadees......Page 242
14.4 Communication networks......Page 247
14.5 Singing behavior in other North American Parids......Page 254
14.6 Summary and future studies......Page 255
Vocal complexity of chickadees and titmice......Page 260
What is to be done?......Page 262
Section IV: Landscape ecology, behavior, and conservation issues......Page 266
15.2 Response to edges by Parids......Page 268
15.3 Responses to patches......Page 272
15.4 Beyond the patch: response to landscapes......Page 273
15.5 Parids as \"leaders\" of other forest birds......Page 282
15.6 Conclusions......Page 283
16.2 Physiological adaptations to winter conditions......Page 288
16.3 Behavioral modifications and ecological adaptations to winter conditions......Page 291
16.4 Responses to habitat fragmentation......Page 294
16.5 Effects of fragmentation on wintering permanent resident birds......Page 295
17.1 Introduction......Page 302
17.2 Fragmentation, the matrix, and halo effects......Page 303
17.3 Habitat variation and reproductive success in the Paridae......Page 305
17.4 Parids and insight into the use of matrix in conservation planning......Page 313
Focus on the Parids......Page 318
Parids as a model group......Page 321
18.2 Natural history traits determine the ease of study and the questions asked......Page 324
18.3 The value of long-term studies: Providing answers to questions not yet asked......Page 327
18.4 Winter group territoriality: A derived trait that leads to winter limitation......Page 330
18.6 Conclusions......Page 332
B......Page 336
C......Page 337
D......Page 338
G......Page 339
M......Page 340
P......Page 341
S......Page 342
T......Page 343
Z......Page 344