Ecological and environmental physiology of mammals

Content: Cover
 Contents
 1 Introduction to Mammals
 1.1 Living Mammals
 1.1.1 Monotremes, Marsupials, and Placentals
 1.1.2 Characteristics of Living Mammals
 1.1.3 Phylogeny
 1.2 The Mammalian Bauplan in an Evolutionary Context
 1.2.1 Body Mass
 1.2.2 Skin and Fur
 1.2.3 Endothermy and Energetics
 1.2.4 Respiration
 1.2.5 Circulation
 1.2.6 Digestion
 1.2.7 Locomotion
 1.2.8 Excretion
 1.2.9 Neurobiology
 1.2.10 Reproduction and Development
 1.3 Early Mammals
 1.3.1 Characteristics of Early Mammals
 1.3.2 Transition from Mammal-Like Reptiles to Mammals
 1.3.3 Mammalian Evolutionary History 1.3.4 Historical Zoogeography1.4 Ecological and Environmental Diversity of Mammals
 1.4.1 Climate and Biomes
 1.4.2 Zoogeography
 1.4.3 Habitats and Diet
 1.5 Importance of Mammals
 1.5.1 Pinnacle Taxon
 1.5.2 Conservation
 1.5.3 Human Perspective
 2 General Physiological Principles
 2.1 Scaling
 2.1.1 Isometry and Allometry
 2.1.2 Physiological Variables
 2.1.3 Life History Variables
 2.2 Control Systems
 2.2.1 Regulation of Homeostasis
 2.2.2 Neural Control
 2.2.3 Chemical Control
 2.2.4 Glands
 2.2.4.1 Exocrine Glands
 2.2.4.2 Endocrine Glands
 2.3 Energy Balance 2.3.1 Anaerobic Metabolism2.3.2 Aerobic Metabolism
 2.3.3 Joule Equivalents of Food
 2.4 Thermal Balance
 2.4.1 Temperature
 2.4.2 Thermal Exchange
 2.4.3 Body Temperature Regulation
 2.5 Gas Exchange
 2.5.1 O2 and CO2 Cascades
 2.5.2 Diffusion
 2.5.3 Convection
 2.5.4 Gas Laws
 2.5.5 Flow through Vessels
 2.5.6 Acid-Base Balance
 2.6 Digestion
 2.6.1 Digestive Tract
 2.6.2 Digestive Function
 2.6.3 Digestibility
 2.6.4 Specific Dynamic Action
 2.7 Water and Solute Balance
 2.7.1 Water and Solute Intake
 2.7.2 Water and Solute Loss
 2.8 Locomotion
 2.8.1 Walking and Running 2.8.2 Gliding and Flying2.8.3 Swimming and Diving
 2.9 Reproduction and Development
 2.9.1 Egg-Laying
 2.9.2 Live Birth
 3 Physiological Characteristics of Mammals
 3.1 Energetics
 3.1.1 Basal Metabolic Rate
 3.1.2 Incremental Metabolic Rate
 3.1.2.1 Locomotion
 3.1.2.2 Digestion
 3.1.2.3 Summit Metabolism
 3.1.3 Field Metabolic Rate
 3.2 Thermoregulation
 3.2.1 Body Temperature
 3.2.2 Evolution of Endothermy
 3.2.3 Thermogenesis
 3.2.3.1 Shivering Thermogenesis
 3.2.3.2 Non-shivering Thermogenesis
 3.2.3.3 Brown Adipose Tissue
 3.2.3.4 Insulation
 3.2.4 Heterothermy 3.2.4.1 Regional Heterothermy3.2.4.2 Temporal Heterothermy
 3.2.5 Heat loss
 3.2.5.1 Non-evaporative Heat Loss
 3.2.5.2 Evaporative Heat Loss
 3.2.6 Fever
 3.2.7 Development
 3.2.8 Bergmann's and Other 'Rules'
 3.3 Ventilation
 3.3.1 Airways and Lungs
 3.3.2 Ventilatory Mechanics
 3.3.3 Ventilatory Control
 3.3.4 Fetal and Newborn Ventilation
 3.4 Circulation
 3.4.1 Blood
 3.4.2 The Heart
 3.4.3 Lymphatic System
 3.4.4 Gas and Heat Transport
 3.4.5 Fetal and Newborn Circulation
 3.5 Feeding and Digestion
 3.5.1 Foods and Consumers
 3.5.1.1 Insectivores and Carnivores
 3.5.1.2 Omnivores