Eco-efficient Pavement Construction Materials

Front Cover......Page 1
Eco-efficient Pavement Construction Materials......Page 4
Copyright Page......Page 5
Contents......Page 6
List of contributors......Page 14
 1.1 The state of the Planet......Page 16
 1.2 Scientific production on civil engineering and pavements......Page 17
 1.3 Outline of the book......Page 21
 References......Page 23
1 Pavements with recycled waste......Page 26
  2.2 Background......Page 28
  2.3 Materials and experimental design......Page 31
  2.4 Brookfield rotational viscosity test......Page 32
  2.7 Linear amplitude sweep test......Page 33
    2.9.1.2 Failure temperature......Page 34
    2.9.1.3 Frequency sweep......Page 36
   2.10.1 Low-temperature properties......Page 39
  2.11 Conclusions......Page 44
  References......Page 45
  3.1 Introduction......Page 48
   3.1.1 Refining process of waste engine oil......Page 50
   3.2.1 Physical properties......Page 52
   3.2.2 Chemical composition......Page 53
    3.2.2.2 Molecular level analysis......Page 54
  3.3 Utilization of waste engine oil......Page 55
   3.3.1 Incorporation of waste engine oil into the asphaltic binder......Page 56
   3.3.2 Incorporation of waste engine oil into the asphaltic mixture......Page 60
  3.4 Future trends and challenges......Page 61
  References......Page 62
  4.1 Introduction......Page 66
   4.2.2 Material composition......Page 67
   4.2.4 Construction technologies......Page 68
   4.3.2 Microstructure formation......Page 69
   4.3.4 Morphology of interface......Page 71
   4.4.1 Analysis methodologies......Page 74
   4.4.3 Dynamic modulus......Page 75
   4.4.5 Fatigue durability......Page 77
  4.5 Field performance of pavement with cold recycled asphalt mixtures......Page 78
   4.5.2 Field properties......Page 80
   4.5.3 Pavement condition and evolution......Page 84
  4.6 Conclusions and future perspectives......Page 86
  References......Page 87
   5.1.1 Asphalt pavement recycling techniques......Page 92
   5.2.1 Life-cycle assessment methods......Page 93
   5.3.1 Raw material phase......Page 94
   5.3.2 Production phase......Page 97
   5.3.3 Construction phase......Page 100
   5.3.4 Maintenance phase......Page 101
   5.3.5 Use phase......Page 102
   5.3.6 End-of-life phase......Page 104
  5.4 Conclusion and recommendations for future research......Page 105
  References......Page 106
  Further reading......Page 108
2 Pavements for climate change mitigation......Page 110
  6.1 Introduction......Page 112
   6.2.2 The urban energy budget......Page 114
   6.2.3 Urban volume energy balance......Page 115
   6.2.4 Pavement surface energy balance......Page 116
   6.3.1 Reflective pavements......Page 119
   6.3.2 Green and evaporative pavements......Page 122
   6.3.3 High-inertia pavements: phase-changing materials......Page 125
   6.3.4 High-conduction and heat-harvesting pavements......Page 128
   6.3.5 Photovoltaic pavements......Page 129
   6.3.7 Heat-exchanger pavements......Page 130
   6.3.8 Combined cool pavement designs......Page 131
  References......Page 132
  7.1 Introduction......Page 142
  7.2 Coating performance evaluation method......Page 144
   7.3.1 Optical properties of pigment powders......Page 145
   7.3.2 Optical properties of coatings......Page 149
  7.5 Correlation between the optical and temperature properties of reflective coatings......Page 153
  7.6 Conclusions and future trends......Page 158
  References......Page 159
  8.1 Introduction......Page 162
   8.2.1 Parameters contributing to the aging of cool coatings and evaluation approaches......Page 164
   8.2.2 Methods for the albedo restauration......Page 168
   8.3.1 Aged cool coatings and their effect on urban microclimate......Page 169
   8.3.2 Aged cool coatings and their effect on the buildings’ energy performance......Page 174
  8.5 Future perspectives......Page 177
  References......Page 178
3 Self-healing pavements......Page 184
  9.1 Introduction......Page 186
   9.2.1 Preparation of microcapsule......Page 187
   9.3.1 Morphology......Page 188
   9.3.2 Size distribution......Page 189
   9.3.3 Chemical structure......Page 190
   9.3.4 Thermal stability......Page 191
   9.3.6 Capsule survival rate......Page 193
   9.4.1 Self-healing ductility......Page 194
   9.4.2 Self-healing dynamic shear rheological test results......Page 195
  9.5 Rheological properties of microcapsule-containing asphalt binder......Page 198
   9.5.1 Consistency property......Page 199
   9.5.2 Durability......Page 200
   9.5.3 High-temperature stability......Page 202
   9.5.4 Low-temperature crack resistance......Page 203
   9.6.2 Stiffness recovery......Page 205
   9.7.1 Indirect tensile strength......Page 206
   9.7.4 High-temperature stability......Page 207
   9.7.6 Water stability......Page 208
  References......Page 209
  Further reading......Page 211
  10.1 Introduction of biomimetic microvascular self-healing......Page 212
  10.2 Preparation of hollow fibers as self-healing microvascular by a one-step spinning technology......Page 216
   10.3.2 Environmental scanning electron microscopy......Page 217
   10.4.1 Physicochemical structure of hollow fibers......Page 218
   10.4.2 Microstructure of hollow fibers......Page 223
   10.4.3 Tensile strength of fibers......Page 224
   10.4.4 Thermal stability of fibers......Page 225
   10.4.5 Contact angle of fibers......Page 226
   10.4.6 Rejuvenator penetration behaviors......Page 227
  10.5 Diffusing behavior of rejuvenator in bitumen......Page 229
  10.6 State of hollow fibers in bitumen......Page 235
   10.6.1 Distribution and integrality of hollow fibers in bitumen......Page 237
   10.6.2 Thermal stability of hollow fibers in bitumen......Page 239
   10.6.3 Interface stability of hollow fibers/bitumen composites......Page 241
   10.6.4 Break and release behaviors of hollow fibers in bitumen......Page 242
   10.6.5 Penetration and diffusion behaviors of rejuvenator......Page 245
  10.7 Self-healing capability of bitumen using hollow fibers......Page 247
   10.7.1 Vascular self-healing efficiency evaluation method......Page 248
   10.7.2 Distribution of hollow fibers in bitumen samples......Page 250
   10.7.3 Self-healing capability influenced by fiber contents......Page 251
   10.7.4 Self-healing efficiency influenced by fiber orientation......Page 255
   10.7.5 Self-healing efficiency influenced by temperature and time......Page 256
  10.8 Conclusion......Page 259
  10.9 Future work and outlook......Page 260
  References......Page 261
  Further reading......Page 262
  11.1 Introduction......Page 264
  11.2 Design the microcapsules containing rejuvenator......Page 266
    11.2.1.2 Fabrication microcapsule containing rejuvenator......Page 268
    11.2.1.6 Shell thickness and density of microcapsules......Page 269
    11.2.1.8 Measurement of the mechanical strength of single microcapsule......Page 270
    11.2.2.1 The effect of core material emulsion stirring speed on the average size of microcapsules......Page 271
    11.2.2.2 Shell thickness and density of microcapsules of microcapsules......Page 273
    11.2.2.3 Thermal stability of microcapsules containing rejuvenator......Page 275
    11.2.2.4 Effect of shell material dropping speed on the morphologies of microcapsules......Page 277
    11.2.2.5 Mechanical properties of microcapsules......Page 279
  11.3 The mechanism of self-healing of microcapsules......Page 283
   11.3.1 Characterization of microcapsules containing rejuvenator......Page 284
   11.3.2 Thermal analysis of microcapsules......Page 286
   11.3.3 Capillarity behaviors of rejuvenator in microcracks......Page 287
   11.3.4 Observation of rejuvenator diffusion in aged bitumen......Page 291
   11.3.5 Properties of virgin and rejuvenated bitumen......Page 292
  11.4 The mechanism of multi-self-healing of microcapsules......Page 293
   11.4.2 BOEF setup......Page 294
   11.4.3 Multi-self-healing tests......Page 295
   11.4.4 Mixture of microcapsules and bitumen......Page 296
   11.4.5 Observation of the self-healing process......Page 298
   11.4.6 Mechanical tests of multi-self-healing behaviors......Page 299
   11.4.8 Mechanism analysis of multi-self-healing......Page 303
   11.4.9 Hypothesis and future work......Page 307
  11.5 States of microcapsules in asphalt binder......Page 308
    11.5.1.3 Preparation of asphalt samples mixing with microcapsules......Page 310
    11.5.1.5 X-ray computed tomography......Page 311
    11.5.2.1 Morphologies of microcapsules containing rejuvenator......Page 312
    11.5.2.2 Morphologies and integrality states of microcapsules in asphalt binder......Page 313
    11.5.2.3 Distribution of microcapsules in asphalt binder......Page 315
    11.5.2.4 Thermal stability of microcapsules in asphalt......Page 318
    11.5.2.5 Microcapsules’ break by microcracks......Page 321
  11.6 Real application of microcapsules in pavement......Page 323
  References......Page 324
  Further reading......Page 329
  12.1 Introduction......Page 330
  12.2 Principles of induction heating of ferrous and magnetic materials......Page 331
  12.3 Review of ferrous and ferromagnetic materials in road applications to promote healing......Page 333
  12.4 Induction healing of bituminous mastics using ferromagnetic filler......Page 334
  12.5 Induction healing of asphalt mixes using metals and mixed-metal alloy fibers and ferromagnetic filler......Page 338
  12.6 Engineered dual-layer asphalt healing systems......Page 346
  12.7 Conclusions and future developments......Page 347
  References......Page 349
4 Pavements with energy harvesting potential and vehicle power charging ability......Page 352
  13.1 Introduction......Page 354
  13.2 Principle of pavement thermoelectric technology......Page 355
   13.3.1 Pavement and ambient air temperature......Page 357
   13.3.2 Pavement and subgrade temperature......Page 358
   13.4.1 Pavement-ambient thermoelectric system......Page 363
   13.4.2 Pavement-subgrade thermoelectric system......Page 364
   13.4.3 Design of thermoelectric generator......Page 365
    13.5.1.1 Indoor test......Page 367
    13.5.1.2 Outdoor test......Page 369
    13.5.2.1 External environment......Page 372
    13.5.2.2 Traffic loading......Page 373
    13.5.2.4 Thermoelectric generator......Page 374
  13.6 Effect of thermoelectric system on pavement temperature......Page 376
  13.8 Sources of further information and advice......Page 379
  References......Page 380
  14.1 Introduction......Page 382
  14.2 Piezoelectric materials and principle of energy harvesting......Page 383
   14.3.1 Cantilever beam transducer......Page 384
   14.3.3 Cymbal and bridge transducer......Page 385
   14.3.5 Placement of piezoelectric transducer in pavement......Page 388
   14.4.2 Laboratory and field studies......Page 389
  14.5 Use and storage of harvested energy......Page 391
   14.5.1 Challenges of piezoelectric energy harvesting in pavement......Page 392
  14.6 Summary and recommendations......Page 393
  References......Page 394
   15.1.1 Background......Page 398
   15.1.2 IPT technology for on-the-road charging......Page 399
   15.1.3 Infrastructural challenges for IPT-based eRoad system......Page 400
   15.2.1 Mechanical loading on small-scale eRoad structural sample......Page 401
   15.2.2 Finite element modeling of eRoad structural responses......Page 402
    15.2.2.1 Stress and strain responses in an eRoady at varying traffic conditions......Page 404
    15.2.2.2 Influence of interfacial bonding on eRoad structural performance......Page 405
    15.2.2.3 Structural optimization by geometrical design......Page 407
  15.3 Road material’s dielectric influence on eRoad system......Page 408
  15.4 Sustainability assessment of eRoad system......Page 410
  References......Page 412
Index......Page 416
Back Cover......Page 424