ECG Interpretation: From Pathophysiology to Clinical Application

Preface (Second Edition)
Preface (First Edition)
Contents
Part I: Basic Electrophysiology and Electrocardiography
	Chapter 1: Cardiac Anatomy and Electrophysiology
		Cardiac Electrophysiology
		Action Potential
		Fast Response Action Potential
		Slow Response Action Potential
		Cardiac Anatomy
		Review Questions
		Answers to the Review Questions
	Chapter 2: Physics of Electrocardiography
		Physics of Electrocardiography
			Depolarization
			Repolarization
		Standard Leads
		Limb Leads
			Bipolar Leads: Einthoven’s Triangle
			Unipolar or Augmented Leads
		Chest or Precordial Leads
		Derived 12-Lead ECG
		Standard ECG Display
		Summary
		Review Questions
		Answers to the Review Questions
	Chapter 3: The Normal Electrocardiogram
		Atrial Depolarization
		Atrioventricular Conduction
		Ventricular Depolarization
			ECG Nomenclature for Ventricular Activation
			ECG in the Frontal Plane
			ECG in the Precordial Plane
		Ventricular Repolarization
		ECG Intervals
			Heart Rate
			PR Interval
			QRS Interval
			QT Interval
		Summary
		Review Questions
		Answers
Part II: Abnormal Depolarization
	Chapter 4: Chamber Enlargement
		Atrial Enlargement
		Ventricular Enlargement
			Left Ventricle
			Voltage Criteria
			Repolarization Changes
			Other/Composite Criteria
		Right Ventricle
		Questions
		Answers
	Chapter 5: Conduction Abnormalities in the  His-Purkinje Tissue
		Anatomy/Electrophysiology
		Right Bundle Branch Block
		Left Bundle Branch Block
		Left Anterior Fascicular Block
		Left Posterior Fascicular Block
		Questions
		Answers
Part III: Abnormal Repolarization
	Chapter 6: Ventricular Repolarization: T Waves and U Waves
		T Waves
			T Wave Shape
			T Wave Location
				Genetic Causes for a Long QT (Long QT Syndrome)
				Acquired Long QT
		U Waves
		Questions
		Answers
	Chapter 7: ST Segment Elevation and Other ECG Findings in Myocardial Infarction
		Pathophysiology of Coronary Artery Disease
			Cellular Changes Associated with Acute Myocardial Infarction
			Evolution of Myocardial Infarction and Ischemia
		ECG Changes in Acute Myocardial Infarction
			T Wave Peaking
			ST Segment Changes
			Q Waves
			T Wave Inversion and ST Segment Depression
		Anterior Infarction
		Inferior Myocardial Infarction
		Lateral Myocardial Infarction
		Right Ventricular Infarction
		Left Main
		Myocardial Infarction in the Presence of Bundle Branch Block
		Review Questions
		Answers
	Chapter 8: ST Segment Elevation not Associated with Myocardial Infarction
		Normal ST Segment Elevation and “Early Repolarization”
		Left Ventricular Hypertrophy and Left Bundle Branch Block
		Pericarditis
		Coronary Artery Spasm
		Transthoracic Cardioversion
		Left Ventricular Aneurysm/Takotsubo Syndrome
		Brugada Syndrome
		Pulmonary Embolism
		Hyperkalemia
		Summary
		Review Questions
		Answers
Part IV: Arrhythmias
	Chapter 9: Premature Beats
		Premature Atrial Contractions
		Premature Ventricular Contractions
		Premature Junctional Complex
		Questions
		Answers
	Chapter 10: Bradycardia
		Anatomy/Pathophysiology
		Abnormal Automaticity/Sinus Node Dysfunction
		Atrioventricular Block
		Sinus Node Dysfunction
		Atrioventricular Block
		Types of AV Block
		Questions
		Answers
	Chapter 11: Supraventricular Tachycardia
		Tachycardia Mechanisms
			Increased Automaticity
			Triggered Activity
			Reentry
		Anatomic Classification
			Atrial Tachycardia
				Sinus Tachycardia
				Focal Atrial Tachycardia
				Multifocal Atrial Tachycardia
				Atrial Fibrillation
				Atrial Flutter
			AV Junctional Tachycardia
				AV Node Reentry
				Automatic Junctional Tachycardia
			Accessory Pathway-Mediated Tachycardia
		Electrocardiographic Diagnosis
			Regular vs. Irregular
			P Wave Location and Morphology
			AV Node Dependent vs. AV Node Independent
		Review Questions
		Answers
	Chapter 12: Wide Complex Tachycardia
		Pathophysiology
		ECG Analysis
		Clinical Clues
		Atrioventricular Relationship
		Initiation and Termination
		Rate, Axis, and QRS Width
		Precordial QRS Morphology
			Precordial Concordance
		Irregular Wide Complex Tachycardia
		Review Questions
		Answers
	Chapter 13: Pacemakers
		Single-Chamber Pacemaker
		Dual-Chamber Pacemakers
		Biventricular Pacing/His Bundle Pacing
		Questions
		Answers
Part V: Putting It All Together
	Chapter 14: Analyzing ECGs: Methods, Techniques, and Identifying Abnormalities
		Systematic Analysis
			Assess Quality
			Assess Rate and Rhythm
			Identify P Waves/Atrial Activity/Shape
			Assess Ventricular Depolarization
				Wide or Narrow?
				QRS Axis?
				QRS Voltage?
				Q Waves?
			Assess Ventricular Repolarization
		ECG Reading “Zen”
			“Urgent”
			“Less Urgent”
				Rhythm
				QRS and T Wave Morphology
		Summary
	Chapter 15: Analyzing ECGs: Putting It Together with Case Studies
		Case 1
			Introduction
			Discussion
			Conclusion
		Case #2
			Introduction
			Discussion
			Conclusion
		Case #3
			Introduction
			Discussion
			Conclusion
		Case #4
			Introduction
			Discussion
			Conclusion
		Case #5
			Introduction
			Discussion
			Conclusion
		Case #6
			Introduction
			Discussion
			Conclusion
		Case #7
			Introduction
			Discussion
			Conclusion
		References
	Chapter 16: Electrolyte Disorders
		Potassium
			Hypokalemia
			Hyperkalemia
		Calcium
			Hypocalcemia
			Hypercalcemia
		Other Electrolyte Disorders
		Review Questions
		Answers
	Chapter 17: Orphans
		Pulmonary Embolus
		Infiltrative Diseases: Amyloidosis
		Lightning
		Hypothermia
		Muscular Dystrophy
		Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy
		Electrode Misplacement
		Artifact
		Parasystole
		Digoxin Toxicity
		Ashman’s Phenomenon
	Chapter 18: Case-Based ECG Analysis
		ECG in Clinical Practice
		Chest Pain
			Case #1
				“Urgent”
				“Less Urgent”
			Case #2
				“Urgent”
				“Less Urgent”
			Case #3
				“Urgent”
				“Less Urgent”
			Case #4
				“Urgent”
				“Less Urgent”
			Case #5
				“Urgent”
				“Less Urgent”
			Case #6
				“Urgent”
				“Less Urgent”
			Case #7
				“Urgent”
				“Less Urgent”
			Case #8
				“Urgent”
				“Less Urgent”
			Case #8
				“Urgent”
				“Less Urgent”
		Active Arrhythmia
			Case #9
				“Urgent”
				“Less Urgent”
			Case #10
				“Urgent”
				“Less Urgent”
			Case #11
				“Urgent”
				“Less Urgent”
			Case #12
				“Urgent”
				“Less Urgent”
			Case #13
				“Urgent”
				“Less Urgent”
			Case #14
				“Urgent”
				“Less Urgent”
			Case #15
				“Urgent”
				“Less Urgent”
			Case #16
				“Urgent”
				“Less Urgent”
			Case #17
				“Urgent”
				“Less Urgent”
			Case: #18
				“Urgent”
				“Less Urgent”
			Case #19
				“Urgent”
				“Less Urgent”
			Case #20
				“Urgent”
				“Less Urgent”
			Case #21
				“Urgent”
				“Less Urgent”
			Case: #22
				“Urgent”
				“Less Urgent”
			Case #23
				“Urgent”
				“Less Urgent”
			Case #24
				“Urgent”
				“Less Urgent”
			Case #25
				“Urgent”
				“Less Urgent”
			Case #26
				“Urgent”
				“Less Urgent”
			Case #27
				“Urgent”
				“Less Urgent”
			Case #28
				“Urgent”
				“Less Urgent”
			Case #29
				“Urgent”
				“Less Urgent”
			Case #30
				“Urgent”
				“Less Urgent”
			Case #31
				“Urgent”
				“Less Urgent”
		Identifying Structural Heart Disease and Other Abnormalities
			Case #32
				“Urgent”
				“Less Urgent”
			Case #33
				“Urgent”
				“Less Urgent”
			Case: #34
				“Urgent”
				“Less Urgent”
			Case #35
				“Urgent”
				“Less Urgent”
			Case: #36
				“Urgent”
				“Less Urgent”
			Case #37
				“Urgent”
				“Less Urgent”
			Case #38
				“Urgent”
				“Less Urgent”
Appendix
Extra Practice
	“So You’re a Glutton for Punishment”
		Unknowns
		Answers
Index