Eating Disorders in Athletes

Eating Disorders in Athletes......Page 1
Contents......Page 7
Foreword......Page 11
List of Contributors......Page 15
Introduction......Page 17
1.1 Introduction......Page 21
1.2.1 What is a balanced diet?......Page 22
1.2.2 Energy requirements......Page 23
1.2.3 Forming a nutritional plan......Page 24
1.3 Nutrients required by humans and athletes......Page 25
Glycogen/glucides, or carbohydrates......Page 26
Lipids and fats......Page 29
Proteins......Page 30
1.3.2 Micronutrients......Page 32
Minerals......Page 33
1.3.3 Water......Page 35
1.4 Ergogenic aids......Page 37
1.5 The need for nutritional information for athletes......Page 39
1.6 Conclusions......Page 41
2: The Importance of Weight in Some Sports......Page 43
2.2 High-risk sports......Page 44
2.3 Weight loss methods in sport......Page 48
2.4 The difference between ‘real weight’, ‘ideal weight’ and ‘sports weight’......Page 53
2.4.1 Ideal weight vs. real weight......Page 54
2.4.2 Real weight vs. sports weight......Page 57
2.4.3 Ideal weight vs. sports weight......Page 59
2.5 Conclusions......Page 60
3: Eating Disorders and the Athlete’s Environment......Page 61
3.1 Introduction......Page 62
3.2 Pressures in the athlete’s environment......Page 63
3.2.1 The role of the family......Page 67
3.2.2 The role of the coach......Page 70
3.2.3 The role of team-mates......Page 73
3.3 The prevention of eating disorders in sport......Page 75
3.4 Eating disorder prevention programmes for athletes......Page 77
3.5 Conclusions......Page 82
4.1 Introduction......Page 85
4.2 Diagnostic criteria for eating disorders in sport......Page 87
4.2.1 Anorexia in sport......Page 88
4.2.2 Bulimia in sport......Page 92
4.2.3 Bigorexia and orthorexia......Page 94
4.2.4 Eating disorders not otherwise specified (EDNOS)......Page 98
4.3.1 Interviews......Page 99
Weight-control methods......Page 100
Motivation to lose weight......Page 101
4.3.2 The assessment of body weight: anthropometrical indices......Page 102
4.3.3 Body image perception: dissatisfaction and disturbance......Page 103
4.3.4 The female athlete triad......Page 104
4.3.5 Observation......Page 107
4.3.6 Questionnaires......Page 110
Specific questionnaires for assessing eating disorders in athletes......Page 111
Eating disorder symptoms......Page 113
Cognitive-behavioural factors......Page 114
Body image dysfunction......Page 115
The influence of aesthetic ‘thin’ models......Page 116
4.4 Conclusions......Page 117
5.1 Introduction......Page 119
5.2 The aetiology of eating disorders in sport......Page 120
5.3.1 Aesthetic sports: gymnastics, figure/ice-skating and ballet dancing......Page 122
5.3.2 Weight division sports: judo, wrestling and rowing......Page 126
5.3.3 Gym sports: aerobics and bodybuilding......Page 131
5.3.4 Endurance sports and disciplines requiring low weight for high performance: athletics, swimming, and horse racing......Page 133
5.4 Eating disorder symptoms: the sporting discipline and gender......Page 136
5.4.1 The influence of the sporting discipline......Page 137
5.4.2 The influence of gender......Page 139
5.5 Conclusions......Page 141
6.1 Introduction......Page 143
6.2 The treatment regime......Page 144
6.3.1 Developing the motivation to change......Page 145
6.3.2 Treatment objectives......Page 147
6.3.3 Techniques and methods used in the treatment of eating disorders......Page 152
6.3.4 Sequencing treatment......Page 154
6.4 Types of treatment......Page 160
6.4.1 Individual treatment......Page 161
6.4.3 Group therapy......Page 162
6.5 Conclusions......Page 163
7.1 Introduction......Page 165
7.2 Psychology and new technologies: cyberpsychology......Page 166
7.3 Cyber-sport-psychology and eating disorders......Page 168
7.4 The Internet: information about eating disorders in sport......Page 169
7.5 On-line diagnosis and treatment of eating disorders in sport......Page 174
7.5.1 Commencing on-line treatment of an eating disorder in sport......Page 175
7.5.2 Contact with professionals......Page 177
7.5.3 The initial assessment......Page 179
7.5.4 The objectives of on-line therapy......Page 180
7.5.5 On-line sessions......Page 181
7.5.6 The sports psychologist and on-line treatment......Page 182
7.5.8 The advantages and disadvantages of using on-line therapy to treat eating disorders in sport......Page 184
7.6 Conclusions......Page 187
8.1 Introduction......Page 189
8.2.1 Case description......Page 190
8.2.2 Analysis of the situation......Page 191
8.2.3 Treatment and follow-up......Page 192
8.3 A case of eating disorders in taekwondo......Page 196
8.3.2 Analysis of the situation......Page 197
8.3.3 \'Urgent\' treatment......Page 198
8.4.1 Case description......Page 199
8.4.3 Treatment......Page 200
8.5.1 Case description......Page 201
8.5.2 Analysis of the situation......Page 202
8.5.3 Treatment......Page 203
8.6.2 Treatment......Page 204
8.7 Conclusions......Page 205
References......Page 207
Index......Page 225