Earthquake Engineering for Structural Design

Front cover......Page 1
The Editors......Page 6
Contributors......Page 8
Contents......Page 10
1.1 Introduction......Page 12
1.2 Causes of Earthquakes and Faulting......Page 13
1.3 Measurement of Earthquakes......Page 16
1.3.1 Magnitude......Page 17
1.3.2 Intensity......Page 21
1.3.3 Time History......Page 22
1.3.4 Elastic Response Spectra......Page 25
1.3.5 Inelastic Response Spectra......Page 27
1.4 Distribution of Seismicity......Page 31
1.5 Strong Motion Attenuation and Duration......Page 32
1.6 Characterization of Seismicity......Page 37
Glossary......Page 39
References......Page 41
Further Reading......Page 44
2.1.1 Earthquakes......Page 46
2.1.2 Structural Damage......Page 48
2.2.1 Liquefaction......Page 49
2.2.2 Landslides......Page 52
2.2.3 Weak Clay......Page 57
2.3.1 Foundation Failure......Page 61
2.3.2 Foundation Connections......Page 65
2.3.3 Soft Story......Page 69
2.3.4 Torsional Moments......Page 70
2.3.5 Shear......Page 73
2.3.6 Flexural Failure......Page 78
2.3.7 Connection Problems......Page 81
2.3.8 Problem Structures......Page 83
2.4.1 Surface Faulting......Page 86
2.4.2 Damage Caused by Nearby Structures and Lifelines......Page 87
2.5.1 Soil Remediation Procedures......Page 89
2.5.2 Improving Slope Stability and Preventing Landslides......Page 92
2.5.3 Soil–Structure Interaction to Improve Earthquake Response......Page 93
2.5.4 Structural Elements that Prevent Damage and Improve......Page 94
References......Page 103
3.2 Earthquakes — Their Cause and Effect......Page 104
3.3 Lateral Force Resisting Systems......Page 105
3.3.1 Innovative Techniques......Page 107
3.4.1 Wood Frame......Page 108
3.4.2 Steel-Frame Buildings......Page 110
3.4.3 Concrete Buildings......Page 111
3.4.5 Configuration, Irregularities, and Pounding......Page 116
3.5.1 Overview......Page 117
3.5.2 Performance Intent and Objectives......Page 120
3.5.3 Seismic Hazard Maps and Ground Motion Parameters......Page 121
3.5.4 Seismic Design Categories......Page 123
3.5.5 Permissible Structural Systems......Page 124
3.5.6 Design Coefficients......Page 125
3.5.7 Analysis Procedures......Page 127
3.5.8 Load Combinations and Strength Requirements......Page 131
3.5.9 Drift Limitations......Page 132
Glossary......Page 133
References......Page 135
Further Reading......Page 136
4.1 Introduction......Page 138
4.2 Earthquake Damages to Bridges......Page 139
4.3.1 Design Evolution......Page 140
4.4 Seismic Conceptual Design......Page 142
4.5.1 ATC/MCEER Guidelines......Page 145
4.5.2 Caltrans......Page 147
4.6.1 ATC/MCEER Guidelines [37]......Page 150
4.6.2 Caltrans Seismic Design Criteria......Page 160
4.7.2 Elastic Response Spectrum Analysis (ERSA)......Page 165
4.7.5 Inelastic Static Analysis — Push Over Analysis......Page 167
4.7.6 Moment–Curvature Analysis......Page 168
4.7.7 Random Vibration Approach......Page 169
4.8.1 ATC/MCEER Guidelines [37]......Page 171
4.8.2 Caltrans SDC......Page 176
4.9.1 Introduction......Page 183
4.9.2 Performance-Based Design Specifications......Page 184
4.9.4 Ground Motion and Seismic Performance Level......Page 185
4.9.5 Verification Methods of Seismic Performance......Page 187
Glossary......Page 188
References......Page 189
Performance-Based Seismic Design and Evaluation of Building Structures......Page 193
5.1 Some Issues in Current Seismic Design......Page 194
5.2.1 Elements of a Typical Performance-Based Methodology......Page 196
5.3.1 Classifying Performance Levels......Page 201
5.3.2 Defining Performance Objectives......Page 202
5.3.3 Design Response Spectra and Ground Motions......Page 203
5.4 Evaluating Seismic Demands......Page 205
5.4.1 Modeling Guidelines......Page 206
5.4.2 Methods of Analysis......Page 209
5.5.1 Linear Procedures......Page 212
5.5.2 Nonlinear Procedures......Page 213
5.5.3 ATC-40 and Capacity Spectrum Procedures......Page 215
5.6.1 The SAC-FEMA Project and FEMA-350......Page 219
5.6.2 Simplified Evaluation Method (FEMA-350)......Page 222
5.6.4 The PEER PBD Methodology......Page 223
5.7 PBD Application: An Illustrative Example......Page 225
5.7.1 Performance Objective......Page 226
5.7.2 PBD and Assessment......Page 227
5.7.3 Notes and Observations......Page 240
5.8 Concluding Remarks......Page 241
Conceptual Basis of Pushover Analysis and CSM......Page 242
References......Page 245
Index......Page 249
Back cover......Page 259