e-Science: Open, Social And Virtual Technology For Research Collaboration

Introduction
	Acknowledgements
	References
Contents
Understanding e-Science—What Is It About?
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Work
	3 Research Approach
		3.1 Research Field and Methodology
		3.2 Research Framework
	4 Results
	5 Discussion of Initial Results
	6 Conclusion
	References
Organising Academia Online
	1 Introduction
	2 E-Learning Organisation: Media Integration as Organisational Development
		2.1 Online Technologies in Higher Education
		2.2 Virtualisation in Higher Education
	3 Change of Organisational Theories and Paradigms
		3.1 The Research Framework: Virtual (Educational) Organisations
		3.2 Research Methods
	4 Discussion and Conclusions
		4.1 Theoretical Considerations About the Functioning of Virtual Organisations in the Academic Sector
		4.2 Forms, Instruments and Mechanisms of Control in Virtual Organisations
		4.3 Limitations
	References
The Fish Model: When Do Researchers Collaborate Online?
	1 Introduction
	2 The Fish Model: A Conceptual Framework for E-Research Collaboration
		2.1 The Reality of Managing Scientific Tasks in Terms of the Available Time
		2.2 Online Research Activities Led by Work-Based Beliefs
		2.3 Support for Technology Use in Context
		2.4 Incentives Protected by Research Ethics
	3 Method
	4 Results
		4.1 The Measurement Model
		4.2 The Structured Model
	5 Discussion: Conclusion and Limitations
		5.1 Conclusions
		5.2 Limitations
	Appendix
	References
The Use of Digital Tools in Scholarly Activities. Empirical Findings on the State of Digitization of Science in Germany, Focusing on Saxony
	1 E-Science, Cyberscience, Science 2.0: The Digitization of Science Is on the Move
	2 The Empirical Question: Is Digitization Really on the Move?
	3 Hypotheses, Data, and Methods
	4 Results
		4.1 General Level of Adoption of Digital Tools in Scholarly Activities
		4.2 Use of Web 2.0 Tools Among Scholars
		4.3 Disciplinary Differences
		4.4 Changing Scholarly Practices
	5 Summary and Discussion
	References
Digital Research Infrastructure
	1 Introduction
	2 IT Infrastructure
	3 Information Infrastructure
		3.1 Repositories and Publication Server
		3.2 Data Formats
	4 Legal Issues
		4.1 Copyright Issues
		4.2 Personal Data Protection
	5 Conclusion
	References
MOVING: A User-Centric Platform for Online Literacy Training and Learning
	1 Introduction
	2 Digitized Science
	3 Overview of the MOVING Platform
	4 The MOVING Web Application
		4.1 Search
		4.2 Recommender System
		4.3 Communities
		4.4 Learning Environment
		4.5 Adaptive Training Support
	5 Conclusion
	References
CLARIN-D: An IT-Based Research Infrastructure for the Humanities and Social Sciences
	1 Introduction
	2 The Impact of Digitization in the Humanities—From Digital Humanities to E-Humanities
	3 CLARIN-D—An Infrastructure for Text-Oriented Humanities
	4 Metadata, Citation, and Search
	5 Summary and Conclusion
	References
Toward Process Variability Management in Online Examination Process in German Universities: A State of the Art
	1 Introduction
	2 Motivation
	3 Research Method
		3.1 Literature Search and Data Collection in Three Domains
		3.2 Accreditation Processes in Germany
	4 Literature and Results
		4.1 Evaluation of IT Approaches
		4.2 Evaluation of Study Courses
		4.3 Evaluation of Accreditation
		4.4 Summary of the Results
	5 Conclusion and Further Work
	Appendix 1: Summary of IT Approaches to e-Assessment
	Appendix 2: List of German universities reviewed
	References
Designing External Knowledge Communication in a Research Network The Case of Sustainable Land Management
	1 Background: Theory and Project
		1.1 Sustainable Communication in the Sciences
		1.2 Theoretical and Conceptual Considerations for the Design of Communication Processes
		1.3 Knowledge Management in the Sustainable Land Management Program as a Challenge for External Communication
	2 Approach and Methodology
		2.1 Data Collection
		2.2 Evaluation Method
	3 Results
		3.1 Practitioners and Civil Society as Target Groups of External Knowledge Communication
		3.2 Effects and Interactions of Factors Influencing External Knowledge Communication
		3.3 Selecting a Suitable Means of Communication
		3.4 Selecting and Preparing the Communications Content
		3.5 Addressing the Attitude of Stakeholders
	4 Conclusions
		4.1 Background and Communicative Tasks
		4.2 Definition of Communication Objectives
		4.3 Definition of Target Groups
		4.4 Formulating Messages
		4.5 Definition of Communication Strategies
		4.6 Activity Planning and Scheduling (“Concerted Activity”)
		4.7 Limitations of the Study
		4.8 Lessons Learned
	References
Researching Scientific Structures via Joint Authorships—The Case of Virtual 3D Modelling in the Humanities
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Defining Disciplines
		1.2 Defining Cross-Disciplinarity
	2 The Case of Virtual 3D Modelling in the Humanities
		2.1 Field of Research
		2.2 Data Sample
		2.3 Scientific Approach: Analysis of Scientific Authorship Relations
	3 Findings
		3.1 Indication 1: Cooperative Authorship
		3.2 Indication 2: Lotka Coefficient
		3.3 Indication 3: Key Players
	4 Conclusion
	References
Visions of a Future Research Workplace Arising from Recent Foresight Exercises
	1 Introduction
	2 Integration of Future Research Tools in Global Expert Systems
	3 Results of the Delphi Survey on e-Science Tools and Factors
		3.1 Delphi Survey Background and Scope
		3.2 The Future Use of Information Systems for e-Science—The Results of the Delphi Survey
	4 Discussion and Conclusions
	References