E-Commerce: Fundamentals and Applications

Contents......Page 8
Preface......Page 20
1 Introduction......Page 26
1.1 Electronic commerce and physical commerce......Page 27
1.2 The DIGITAL phenomenon......Page 28
1.3 Looking at e-commerce from different perspectives......Page 29
1.4 Different types of e-commerce......Page 31
1.5.1 Amazon® B2C e-commerce......Page 33
1.5.2 eBay: C2C e-commerce......Page 34
1.5.4 Priceline: C2B e-commerce......Page 35
1.6.1 Retailing......Page 36
1.6.3 Publishing......Page 37
1.7 Changes brought by e-commerce......Page 38
1.9 Myths about e-commerce development and implementation......Page 39
1.9.2 Myth 2: the successful implementation of an e-commerce system relies on web programmers......Page 41
1.9.3 Myth 3: e-commerce project is about translating the traditional business model into an electronic business model......Page 42
1.10 System model and road map of this book......Page 43
1.11 Summary......Page 46
Recommended Reading......Page 48
PART 1  Technologies (fundamentals)......Page 50
2 Internet and world wide web......Page 52
2.1.1 Basic network architecture......Page 53
2.1.3 Link layer......Page 54
2.1.4 Network layer......Page 57
2.1.5 Transport layer......Page 60
2.1.6 Application layer......Page 61
2.2 Brief history of the web......Page 63
2.3 Web system architecture......Page 64
2.4 Uniform resource locator......Page 65
2.5 Overview of the hypertext transfer protocol......Page 66
2.6.1 HTTP request......Page 67
2.6.2 Server response......Page 69
2.7 Generation of dynamic web pages......Page 71
2.8 Cookies......Page 73
2.9 HTTP/1.1......Page 74
2.10 Example......Page 76
References......Page 77
Recommended Reading......Page 78
3 Client-side programming......Page 80
3.1 Important factors in client-side or web programming......Page 81
3.2.2 Develop the logical design of the web site......Page 86
3.2.3 Develop the perceptual design......Page 87
3.3 Overview of HTML......Page 88
3.4 Basic structure of an HTML document......Page 89
3.5 Basic text formatting......Page 91
3.5.2 Paragraph......Page 92
3.5.6 Lists......Page 93
3.6 Links......Page 94
3.7 Images......Page 96
3.8 ImageMap......Page 97
3.9 Tables......Page 98
3.10 Frames......Page 100
3.11 Form......Page 104
3.11.3 Checkbox......Page 105
3.11.7 Hidden form field......Page 106
3.12 Cascading style sheets......Page 107
3.12.1 External style sheets......Page 108
3.12.2 Embedded style sheets......Page 109
3.12.3 Inline style......Page 110
3.13.1 What is JavaScript?......Page 111
3.13.2 Basic structure of JavaScript......Page 112
3.13.3 A simple JavaScript example......Page 113
3.13.4 Form validation using JavaScript......Page 114
3.14 Summary......Page 117
Recommended Reading......Page 118
4 Server-side programming I: servlet fundamentals......Page 120
4.1 Revisiting the three-tier model......Page 121
4.2.1 CGI fundamentals......Page 123
4.3 Active server page (ASP)......Page 125
4.4 Overview of Java servlet......Page 126
4.6 Overview of the servlet API......Page 128
4.7 Building the virtual bookstore – step by step......Page 130
4.8 Your first servlet – welcome to VBS......Page 132
4.9 Compilation and execution of servlets......Page 134
4.10 An interactive servlet program example: topics of interest......Page 135
4.11 Topics of interest: Cookie approach......Page 140
4.12 Summary......Page 147
Recommended Reading......Page 148
5.1 Introduction......Page 150
5.2.1 What is a relational database?......Page 151
5.2.2 A brief overview of relational databases: an example of book ordering......Page 152
5.2.3 Basic SQL statements......Page 153
5.3.3 The JDBC drivers......Page 159
5.3.4 JDBC API......Page 161
5.4.1 Preparing for your first JDBC program......Page 162
5.4.2 Simple Book Query – ServletBookquery......Page 163
5.4.3 ServletBookquery – program summary......Page 168
5.5 An advanced book query: ServletBookquerymulti......Page 169
5.6.1 VBS advance book search engine......Page 176
5.6.2 How does the SearchEngine.java work?......Page 177
5.7 Summary......Page 180
Recommended Reading......Page 181
6 Server-side programming III: session tracking......Page 184
6.1.1 A realistic case in session tracking: Shopping in VBS......Page 185
6.2 Traditional session tracking techniques......Page 186
6.2.1 Hidden form field......Page 187
6.2.2 URL rewriting......Page 195
6.2.4 Cookies......Page 200
6.2.5 Comparison of the above session tracking methods......Page 201
6.3.1 Introduction......Page 202
6.3.2 How the servlet session tracking API works......Page 203
6.3.3 Some common methods for servlet session tracking......Page 204
6.3.4 A simple session tracking example......Page 205
6.3.5 A simple shopping cart example......Page 210
6.4.1 What is a shopping cart?......Page 220
6.4.2 Basic functions of the shopping cart object......Page 221
6.5 Summary......Page 226
Recommended Reading......Page 227
7 Basic cryptography for enabling e-commerce......Page 228
7.2 Security requirements......Page 229
7.3 Encryption......Page 230
7.4 Two basic principles for private key encryption......Page 232
7.4.2 Other symmetric key encryption algorithm......Page 233
7.6 Diffie–Hellman key exchange Protocol......Page 234
7.8 RSA encryption algorithm......Page 235
7.10 Other public key encryption methods......Page 238
7.12 Message digest......Page 239
7.12.1 MD5 message digest algorithm......Page 240
7.13 Message authentication code......Page 241
7.14 Digital signature......Page 242
7.16 Authentication......Page 244
7.16.2 Digital certificate......Page 245
7.16.3 X.509: A digital certificate framework......Page 246
7.16.4 Certificate chain/verification path......Page 247
7.16.5 An hierarchical trust system......Page 248
7.16.6 Challenge and response authentication protocol......Page 249
7.17 Summary......Page 250
Recommended Reading......Page 251
8 Internet security......Page 254
8.1 IPSec protocol......Page 255
8.2 Setting up security associations......Page 256
8.3 The authentication header (AH) service......Page 257
8.4 The encapsulating security payload (ESP) service......Page 258
8.5 Preventing replay attack......Page 259
8.6 Application of IPSec: virtual private network......Page 260
8.7 Firewalls......Page 261
8.8.1 Packet filtering router......Page 262
8.8.2 Application gateway/proxy server......Page 263
8.8.3 Circuit level gateway......Page 264
8.9 Examples of firewall systems......Page 265
8.10 Secure socket layer (SSL)......Page 267
8.10.1 SSL handshake protocol......Page 269
8.10.3 The SSL change cipher spec protocol and the alert protocol......Page 272
8.12 Summary......Page 273
Recommended Reading......Page 274
9 Advanced technologies for e-commerce......Page 276
9.1 Introduction to mobile agents......Page 277
9.1.1 Overview of mobile agents......Page 278
9.1.2 Typical life cycle of an Aglet......Page 279
9.1.3 A simple programming example......Page 281
9.1.4 Overview of MAGICS......Page 287
9.2 WAP: the enabling technology for mobile commerce......Page 288
9.2.1 The WAP model......Page 289
9.2.2 WAP architecture......Page 290
9.3.2 Syntax of XML documents......Page 292
9.3.4 Processing XML documents and programming interfaces......Page 296
9.3.5 Applications of XML......Page 298
9.3.6 Architecture for XML and some features......Page 300
9.4 Data mining......Page 302
9.4.1 Association rules......Page 303
9.4.2 Decision trees......Page 304
9.4.3 Web mining......Page 305
References......Page 306
Recommended XML Web sites......Page 307
PART 2 Applications......Page 308
10 Internet payment systems......Page 310
10.2 4C payment methods......Page 311
10.3 SET Protocol for credit card payment......Page 312
10.3.1 SET network architecture......Page 313
10.3.3 Dual signature generation and verification......Page 314
10.3.4 Digital envelope......Page 317
10.3.6 Purchase initiation......Page 318
10.3.7 Purchase request......Page 319
10.3.8 Payment authorization......Page 320
10.3.9 Payment capture......Page 322
10.4.1 Blind signature......Page 323
10.4.2 Payment by e-cash over the internet......Page 324
10.5.2 Cash-and-transfer......Page 326
10.6.1 Millicent......Page 328
10.6.2 Payword......Page 330
10.7 Overview of smart card......Page 331
10.8 Overview of Mondex......Page 334
10.9 Putting it all together for payments in the VBS......Page 335
References......Page 336
Recommended Reading......Page 337
11 Consumer-oriented e-commerce......Page 340
11.1 Introduction......Page 341
11.2.1 Traditional retailing......Page 342
11.2.2 E-retailing......Page 343
11.3.1 To the customer......Page 344
11.3.2 To the business......Page 345
11.4.1 For traditional retailing......Page 346
11.4.2 For e-retailing......Page 347
11.5.1 Specialized e-stores......Page 349
11.5.3 Specialization by function......Page 356
11.5.4 Generalized e-stores......Page 358
11.5.5 E-malls......Page 359
11.5.6 Direct selling by the manufacturer......Page 360
11.5.7 Supplementary distribution channel......Page 361
11.5.8 Brokers or intermediaries......Page 363
11.7 Developing a consumer-oriented e-commerce system......Page 366
11.7.1 The emergent business model as the basis of e-commerce system development......Page 367
11.7.2 Process-oriented e-commerce development approach......Page 369
11.7.3 Steps in the development methodology......Page 370
11.9 Summary......Page 371
Recommended Reading......Page 372
12 Business-oriented e-commerce......Page 374
12.1 Features of B2B e-commerce......Page 376
12.2 Business models......Page 377
12.2.2 Buy-side e-commerce – intercompany activities of procurement......Page 378
12.2.3 Sell-side e-commerce......Page 382
12.2.4 Virtual markets......Page 385
12.2.5 Collaborative supply chain management......Page 390
12.3.1 Intercompany integration......Page 392
12.3.2 B2B e-commerce communication using XML......Page 393
12.3.3 Intracompany integration......Page 395
References......Page 396
13 E-services......Page 398
13.1 Categories of e-services......Page 399
13.2.1 E-banking......Page 400
13.2.2 E-stocktrading and e-investing......Page 402
13.2.3 E-education......Page 403
13.3.1 Travel services......Page 404
13.3.3 Others......Page 406
13.4 Information-selling on the web......Page 408
13.6 Auctions and other specialized services......Page 409
13.6.2 B2B auctions......Page 411
13.7 Summary......Page 412
References......Page 413
14 Web advertising and web publishing......Page 414
14.1 Traditional versus internet advertising......Page 415
14.2.2 Banners......Page 417
14.2.3 Targeted advertising techniques......Page 421
14.3 Business models for advertising and their revenue streams......Page 423
14.4 Pricing models and measurement of the effectiveness of advertisements......Page 424
14.5 Web publishing – goals and criteria......Page 425
14.6 Web site development methodologies......Page 426
14.6.2 Categories of systems......Page 427
14.6.3 Overview of design methodology......Page 428
14.7 Logical design of the user interface I – abstract user interface object......Page 432
14.8 Logical design of the user interface II – flow of interaction......Page 436
14.9.1 Usability testing......Page 439
14.9.2 Functional and system testing......Page 444
14.9.3 Web feature testing......Page 446
14.10 Web Presence and visibility......Page 448
References......Page 449
Recommended Reading......Page 450
15.1 Introduction......Page 452
15.1.1 Typical e-shopping scenario......Page 453
15.1.2 VBS – system overview......Page 454
15.2.2 Program instructions......Page 455
15.3.2 Program instructions......Page 457
15.4.1 VBS – system flow......Page 459
15.4.2 Objectives......Page 461
15.4.3 Search engine: program flow......Page 462
15.5.1 Program instructions......Page 463
15.5.2 Program hints......Page 464
15.6.3 Program hints......Page 466
15.7.1 Objective......Page 467
15.7.2 Program instructions......Page 468
15.7.3 Program hints......Page 469
15.8.1 Objective......Page 470
15.8.2 Program structure......Page 471
15.9.1 Objective......Page 472
15.10.1 Objective......Page 474
15.10.3 Program hints......Page 476
15.11.1 Objectives......Page 477
15.11.2 Program instructions......Page 478
15.12.3 Program hint......Page 479
15.13.2 Program structure......Page 480
15.13.4 Program instruction......Page 482
15.14.1 Objective......Page 484
15.14.3 Program instruction......Page 485
15.14.4 Program hints......Page 487
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M......Page 496
O......Page 497
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Z......Page 504